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Injury Epidemiology Jun 2024Diabetes mellitus (DM) can impair driving safety due to hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, diabetic peripheral neuropathy, and diabetic eye diseases. However, few studies have...
BACKGROUND
Diabetes mellitus (DM) can impair driving safety due to hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, diabetic peripheral neuropathy, and diabetic eye diseases. However, few studies have examined the association between DM and driving safety in older adults based on naturalistic driving data.
METHODS
Data for this study came from a multisite naturalistic driving study of drivers aged 65-79 years at baseline. Driving data for the study participants were recorded by in-vehicle recording devices for up to 44 months. We used multivariable negative binomial modeling to estimate adjusted incidence rate ratios (aIRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of hard braking events (HBEs, defined as maneuvers with deceleration rates ≥ 0.4 g) associated with DM.
RESULTS
Of the 2856 study participants eligible for this analysis, 482 (16.9%) reported having DM at baseline, including 354 (12.4%) insulin non-users and 128 (4.5%) insulin users. The incidence rates of HBEs per 1000 miles were 1.13 for drivers without DM, 1.15 for drivers with DM not using insulin, and 1.77 for drivers with DM using insulin. Compared to drivers without DM, the risk of HBEs was 48% higher for drivers with DM using insulin (aIRR 1.48; 95% CI: 1.43, 1.53).
CONCLUSION
Older adult drivers with DM using insulin appear to be at increased proneness to vehicular crashes. Driving safety should be taken into consideration in DM care and management.
PubMed: 38840227
DOI: 10.1186/s40621-024-00508-2 -
International Journal of Occupational... Jun 2024. In recent years, workplace accidents have imposed a considerable cost on industries. Accident proneness is one of the most influential factors known to cause unsafe...
. In recent years, workplace accidents have imposed a considerable cost on industries. Accident proneness is one of the most influential factors known to cause unsafe behaviors and occupational accidents. Therefore, the present study investigated the validity and reliability of the accident proneness questionnaire in industries. . The questionnaire was developed to measure accident proneness in industries - the developed instrument was distributed in East Azarbaijan industries (1100 questionaries). Content validity, confirmatory factor analysis and exploratory factor analysis were used to examine the construct validity, and Cronbach's and the test-retest method were used to examine the reliability and reproducibility of the instrument. . In the face validity section, the impact score of all items was determined to be >1.5. In the content validity section, the content validity index (CVI) and the content validity ratio (CVR) were higher than the standard value of 0.42. The Cronbach's coefficient for all dimensions was 0.914. . The findings of the study show that the accident proneness questionnaire in industries has acceptable validity and reliability, and can be used as a comprehensive, practical, robust and reliable instrument to investigate the accident proneness of different industries.
PubMed: 38828493
DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2024.2348912 -
Accident; Analysis and Prevention Aug 2023Cerebral laterality has been linked to accident proneness and time perception, but the possible role of time estimation abilities has received little attention....
Cerebral laterality has been linked to accident proneness and time perception, but the possible role of time estimation abilities has received little attention. Accordingly, the present study focused on this under-explored question while also aiming to replicate past work examining the relationship between measures of laterality and injury proneness. Participants reported on the number of accidents they have had in their lifetime requiring medical care and the number of minor accidents they had in the past month as outcome variables. They also completed the Waterloo Handedness Questionnaire, a left bias visual task (Greyscales task), a right bias auditory verbal task (Fused Dichotic Words Task), and an objective measure of time perception. Extensive examination of statistical model fit showed that a model assuming a Poisson distribution provided the best fit for minor injuries and an additional negative binomial provided the best fit to the lifetime accidents. Results showed a negative relation between the degree of verbal laterality (absolute right bias) and injuries requiring medical care. Furthermore, the number of accidents requiring medical care was positively related to the precision of time estimation and the direction of verbal laterality on response time (raw right bias). Interpretations of these findings emphasize their implications for interhemispheric communication and motor control in the context of time estimation and auditory verbal laterality. These aspects seem to provide promising avenues for future research.
Topics: Humans; Functional Laterality; Accident Proneness; Accidents, Traffic; Attention
PubMed: 37172453
DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2023.107098 -
Work (Reading, Mass.) 2023Despite numerous regulatory initiatives to improve health and safety in the construction industry, it still ranks as one of the most accident-prone industries worldwide....
BACKGROUND
Despite numerous regulatory initiatives to improve health and safety in the construction industry, it still ranks as one of the most accident-prone industries worldwide. A dedicated focus on safety culture has been suggested as a complement to laws, regulations and management systems.
OBJECTIVE
This article explores safety culture research conducted in the construction industry, with the aim to provide insight into the specific themes that tend to be in focus as well as what theoretical and methodological approaches that tend to be favored.
METHODS
Searches in scientific databases were conducted twice. In a first attempt, searches resulted in 54 hits but only two articles fit the scope of the study. A revision of the search phrase resulted in 124 hits. Ultimately, 17 articles fit the scope of the study and were included. The content of the articles was analyzed and sorted thematically.
RESULTS
The results show that four themes are prevalent in the existing literature: 1) unique challenges entail a need for situated applications, 2) models developed to operationalize safety culture, 3) measuring safety culture, and 4) safety management and leadership as key factors.
CONCLUSION
Although research focusing on the construction industry has come to favor certain study designs and definitions of safety culture, further research may be enriched by broadening the theoretical and methodological perspectives. Specifically, researchers should conduct more in-depth qualitative studies that take the complexity of the industry into account, including the interpersonal relations between the actors involved.
Topics: Humans; Construction Industry; Accident Proneness; Databases, Factual; Interpersonal Relations; Safety Management
PubMed: 36872827
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220214 -
The Journal of Nervous and Mental... Sep 2022We examined the moderating role of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the association between trauma and impulsive behaviors. Adult women ( N = 97) with a history...
We examined the moderating role of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the association between trauma and impulsive behaviors. Adult women ( N = 97) with a history of childhood sexual abuse (CSA; n = 26), rape in adulthood ( n = 21), both CSA and adult rape ( n = 25), or no history of sexual trauma ( n = 25) completed self-report questionnaires. PTSD symptoms were positively associated with self-harm and with stealing and accident proneness, but not with sexual impulsivity. Trauma group had no independent associations with impulsive behaviors. PTSD reexperiencing symptoms interacted with trauma group such that reexperiencing symptoms were positively associated with self-harm for the two trauma groups that included CSA but not for the control and adult rape-only groups. Overall, results indicate that PTSD symptoms-more so than the occurrence of trauma itself-associate with impulsive behavior. Results highlight the importance of assessing posttraumatic symptomatology, and not just trauma occurrence, when aiming to prevent or treat impulsive behaviors.
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Impulsive Behavior; Rape; Self-Injurious Behavior; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 35472195
DOI: 10.1097/NMD.0000000000001526 -
Frontiers in Psychology 2021Behavioral failures can serve as precursors for accidents. Yet, individual differences in the predisposition to behavioral failures have predominantly been investigated...
Behavioral failures can serve as precursors for accidents. Yet, individual differences in the predisposition to behavioral failures have predominantly been investigated within relatively narrow parameters, with the focus limited to subsets of behaviors or specific domains. A broader perspective might prove useful in illuminating correlations between various forms of accidents. The current research was undertaken as one step toward developing the concept of behavioral failures proneness in its multidimensional aspect. We report the initial stage of the development and validation of the Failures Proneness questionnaire (FP): a brief, multifaceted, self-report scale of common behavioral failures in everyday settings. In a preliminary phase we conceived an extensive pool of prospective items. Study 1 identified and validated the factor-structure of FP and reduced the scale to a brief measure of 16 items. Study 2 corroborated the factor structure of the FP and evaluated its construct validity by assessing its relationship with the Five Factor Model (FFM) of personality traits. Study 3 tested the criterion-related validity of the FP by assessing its ability to predict deviant behaviors. These studies provide evidence of the FP's performance in generating valuable information on a broad range of behavioral antecedents of accidents.
PubMed: 34966324
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.757051 -
Frontiers in Neurology 2021The objective of this study was to examine the incidence of concussion and risk factors for sustaining concussion among children from the United States general...
The objective of this study was to examine the incidence of concussion and risk factors for sustaining concussion among children from the United States general population. This prospective cohort study used data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study. Children were recruited from schools across the US, sampled to reflect the sociodemographic variation of the US population. The current sample includes 11,013 children aged 9 to 10 years old (47.6% girls; 65.5% White) who were prospectively followed for an average of 1 year (mean = 367.9 days, SD = 40.8, range 249-601). The primary outcome was caregiver-reported concussion during a 1 year follow-up period. Logistic regression was used to determine which potential clinical, health history, and behavioral characteristics (assessed at baseline) were prospectively associated with concussion. In the 1 year follow-up period between ages 10 and 11, 1 in 100 children ( = 123, 1.1%) sustained a concussion. In univariate models, three baseline predictors (ADHD, prior concussion, and accident proneness) were significantly associated with sustaining a concussion. In a multivariate model, controlling for all other predictors, only prior concussion remained significantly associated with the occurrence of a concussion during the observation period (Odds Ratio = 5.49, 95% CI: 3.40-8.87). The most robust and only independent prospective predictor of sustaining a concussion was history of a prior concussion. History of concussion is associated with 5.5 times greater odds of sustaining concussion between ages 10 and 11 among children from the general US population.
PubMed: 34790165
DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.773927 -
BMC Psychology Oct 2021Various agents such as psychosocial items and accident proneness can affect cognitive failures through different paths. The probable paths are the direct effects of...
BACKGROUND
Various agents such as psychosocial items and accident proneness can affect cognitive failures through different paths. The probable paths are the direct effects of workplace psychosocial items on cognitive failures and their indirect effects on cognitive failures through the mediator variable of accident proneness, which has not yet been studied by others. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate these paths.
METHODS
This cross-sectional study was conducted on 164 male employees of Karoon Sugar Company in 2018. The participants were asked to complete a background and demographic questionnaire, Broadbent cognitive failures scale, accident proneness questionnaire, and Copenhagen psychosocial questionnaire. Obtained data were analyzed and modeled using the statistical descriptive method, ANOVA, independent t-test, Pearson correlation test, and path analysis in the SPSS and AMOS software.
RESULTS
The results of the path analysis showed that, not only, some psychosocial risk items had a significant direct effect on cognitive failures, but also, they could affect cognitive failures through the accident proneness, indirectly. Work-family conflict and social support from supervisors by coefficients of 0.188 and - 0.187 had the highest direct effects, respectively. The highest indirect effects belonged to justice and respect, and work-family conflict by coefficients of - 0.220 and 0.199, respectively. The highest total effects were also related to the work-family conflict and justice and respect by coefficients of 0.387 and - 0.381, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
In total, our results showed that some psychological items could, directly and indirectly, increase cognitive failure through accident proneness.
Topics: Accident Proneness; Cognition; Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Male; Risk Factors; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 34666835
DOI: 10.1186/s40359-021-00669-5 -
Psychiatria Polska Dec 2020The study aimed at exploration of a relationship between PTSD symptoms, traumarelated guilt (TRG), time perspective (TP), and guilt/shame proneness among perpetrators of...
OBJECTIVES
The study aimed at exploration of a relationship between PTSD symptoms, traumarelated guilt (TRG), time perspective (TP), and guilt/shame proneness among perpetrators of motor vehicle accidents (MVA). We also analyzed relationships between length of imprisonment, PTSD and trauma-related guilt.
METHODS
The sample consisted of 37 incarcerated perpetrators of MVA. They were asked to fill in the set of questionnaires: Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory, Guilt and Shame Proneness Inventory, Trauma-Related Guilt Inventory).
RESULTS
The results showed that 50% of the perpetrators met the DSM-5 PTSD criteria. The proneness to guilt and shame positively correlated with the trauma-related guilt. Shame susceptibility as a consequence of negative self-esteem was associated with a greater traumarelated shame. There was no correlation between guilt/shame or trauma-related guilt and PTSD. The time perspective was associated with PTSD - the stronger the tendency of the respondents to focus on the present/past, the greater the symptoms of PTSD. Focusing on the hedonistic present positively correlated with guilt related to trauma.
CONCLUSIONS
In the studied population, every second perpetrator of the accident was affected by PTSD, which was associated with the past and present time perspective. Negative assessment of self and behavior intensified the guilt associated with trauma and reduced the search for justification for one's own actions in external circumstances. Time spent in prison had no effect on moral attitudes or on the moral evaluation of one's own behavior that caused harm to others. However, it was associated with experiencing stress and focusing on one's own suffering.
Topics: Accidents, Traffic; Adult; Female; Guilt; Humans; Male; Prisoners; Self Concept; Shame; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic
PubMed: 33740803
DOI: 10.12740/PP/113555 -
Clinical Psychopharmacology and... Feb 2021Psychiatric side effects of oseltamivir can result in accident-proneness and suicide. Reportedly, such adverse psychiatric events are more common in children than in...
Psychiatric side effects of oseltamivir can result in accident-proneness and suicide. Reportedly, such adverse psychiatric events are more common in children than in adults, but other risk factors are not known. We present a 13-year-old girl with influenza infection who developed manic symptoms after taking oseltamivir and receiving the human papillomavirus vaccination. While other research has found that psychiatric side effects associated with oseltamivir generally occur within 48 hours after beginning administration, in this case the manic symptoms developed on the fourth day after cessation of 5-day course of oseltamivir administration. Based on our review of this case, we recommend that clinicians should carry out vigilant monitoring of each patient's mental state when the patient is young, has a family history of psychiatric disorder, has drug sensitivity and has received medical treatments such as vaccination before or after taking oseltamivir. In addition, as side effects of oseltamivir may occur more than 48 hours after administration, it will be necessary to observe patients for several days after the prescription of oseltamivir.
PubMed: 33508801
DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2021.19.1.166