-
European Journal of Dermatology : EJD Jun 2023
Topics: Animals; Humans; Male; Actinomyces; Horses; Bites and Stings
PubMed: 37594340
DOI: 10.1684/ejd.2023.4492 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Aug 2023Actinomycetes inhabit both terrestrial and marine ecosystems and are highly proficient in producing a wide range of natural products with diverse biological functions,... (Review)
Review
Actinomycetes inhabit both terrestrial and marine ecosystems and are highly proficient in producing a wide range of natural products with diverse biological functions, including antitumor, immunosuppressive, antimicrobial, and antiviral activities. In this review, we delve into the life cycle, ecology, taxonomy, and classification of actinomycetes, as well as their varied bioactive metabolites recently discovered between 2015 and 2023. Additionally, we explore promising strategies to unveil and investigate new bioactive metabolites, encompassing genome mining, activation of silent genes through signal molecules, and co-cultivation approaches. By presenting this comprehensive and up-to-date review, we hope to offer a potential solution to uncover novel bioactive compounds with essential activities.
Topics: Actinobacteria; Actinomyces; Ecosystem; Anti-Infective Agents; Biological Products
PubMed: 37570885
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155915 -
Journal of the American Chemical Society Aug 2023The unique bioactivities of arsenic-containing secondary metabolites have been revealed recently, but studies on arsenic secondary metabolism in microorganisms have been...
The unique bioactivities of arsenic-containing secondary metabolites have been revealed recently, but studies on arsenic secondary metabolism in microorganisms have been extremely limited. Here, we focused on the organoarsenic metabolite with an unknown chemical structure, named bisenarsan, produced by well-studied model actinomycetes and elucidated its structure by combining feeding of the putative biosynthetic precursor (2-hydroxyethyl)arsonic acid to 1326 and detailed NMR analyses. Bisenarsan is the first characterized actinomycete-derived arsenic secondary metabolite and may function as a prototoxin form of an antibacterial agent or be a detoxification product of inorganic arsenic species. We also verified the previously proposed genes responsible for bisenarsan biosynthesis, especially the (2-hydroxyethyl)arsonic acid moiety. Notably, we suggest that a C-As bond in bisenarsan is formed by the intramolecular rearrangement of a pentavalent arsenic species (arsenoenolpyruvate) by the cofactor-independent phosphoglycerate mutase homologue BsnN, that is entirely distinct from the conventional biological C-As bond formation through As-alkylation of trivalent arsenic species by -adenosylmethionine-dependent enzymes. Our findings will speed up the development of arsenic natural product biosynthesis.
Topics: Arsenic; Secondary Metabolism; Actinobacteria; Actinomyces; S-Adenosylmethionine
PubMed: 37534495
DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04978 -
Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology Aug 2023Nanomaterials have been produced with the use of bio-nanotechnology, which is a low-cost approach. Currently, research is being conducted to determine whether...
Nanomaterials have been produced with the use of bio-nanotechnology, which is a low-cost approach. Currently, research is being conducted to determine whether actinomycetes isolated from Egyptian soil can biosynthesize Ag nanoparticles (Ag NPs) and characterized by using the following techniques: Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier transforms infrared (FT-IR), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), UV-Vis spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The most promising actinomycetes isolate were identified, morphologically, biochemically, and molecularly. Streptomyces avermitilis Azhar A.4 was found to be able to reduce silver metal nanoparticles from silver nitrate in nine isolates collected from Egyptian soil. Toxicity of biosynthesized against 2nd and 4th larval instar of Agrotis ipsilon (Hufn.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) was estimated. In addition, activity of certain vital antioxidant and detoxifying enzymes as well as midgut histology of treated larvae were also investigated. The results showed appositive correlations between larval mortality percentage (y) and bio-AgNPs concentrations (x) with excellent (R). The 4th larval instar was more susceptible than 2nd larval instar with LC (with 95% confirmed limits) =8.61 (2.76-13.89) and 26.44(13.25-35.58) ppml, respectively of 5 days from treatment. The initial stages of biosynthesized AgNps exposure showed significant increases in carboxylesterase (CarE) and peroxidases (PODs) activity followed by significant suppression after 5 days pos-exposure. While protease activity was significantly decreased by increasing time post-exposure. Midgut histology showed abnormality and progressive damage by increasing time post exposure leading to complete destruction of midgut cells after 5 days from exposure. These results make biosynthesized AgNPs an appropriate alternative to chemical insecticide in A. ipsilon management.
Topics: Animals; Metal Nanoparticles; Actinobacteria; Actinomyces; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Silver; Larva; Plant Extracts; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 37532318
DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105492 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2023Gut microbiota, particularly , has been previously reported to be associated with kidney stones. However, the conflicting results from both observational and...
BACKGROUND
Gut microbiota, particularly , has been previously reported to be associated with kidney stones. However, the conflicting results from both observational and intervention studies have created substantial uncertainty regarding the contribution of to the formation of kidney stone.
METHODS
We employed a two-sample MR analysis to investigate the causal relationship between gut microbiota and kidney stones using GWASs summary statistics obtained from the MiBioGen and FinnGen consortia. Moreover, we conducted a reserve MR analysis to assess the direction of the causal associations between gut microbiota and kidney stones. The inverse variance weighted (IVW) approach represents the primary method of Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis.
RESULTS
Our analyses do not yield supportive evidence for a causal link between the genus r (OR = 0.99, 95% CI: 0.90-1.09, = 0.811) and the formation of kidney stones. The order (OR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.65-0.96, = 0.020), family (OR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.65-0.96, = 0.019), family (OR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.67-0.96, = 0.015), genus (OR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.67-0.98, = 0.030) and genus (OR = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.74-0.99, = 0.040) had protective effects on kidney stones, and the genus (OR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.01-1.33, = 0.032), genus (OR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.04-1.84, = 0.028), genus (OR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.06-1.52, = 0.009) were risk factors for kidney stones. Differential abundance analysis provide no evidence of a association between and kidney stones, and showed genus Subdoligranulum were risk factors for kidney stones. Reverse MR analysis did not indicate any causal association of kidney stones on gut microbiota. No considerable heterogeneity of instrumental variables or horizontal pleiotropy was observed.
CONCLUSION
Our two-sample MR study did not find any causal relationship between genus and kidney stones. The association between gut microbiota and kidney stones does not solely depend on the presence of genus /. A more integrated approach using multiple omics platforms is needed to better understand the pathogenesis of kidney stones in the context of complex gene-environment interactions over time.
PubMed: 37502408
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1204311 -
American Journal of Reproductive... Aug 2023Preterm birth (PTB) remains a leading cause of childhood mortality. Recent studies demonstrate that the risk of spontaneous PTB (sPTB) is increased in individuals with...
PROBLEM
Preterm birth (PTB) remains a leading cause of childhood mortality. Recent studies demonstrate that the risk of spontaneous PTB (sPTB) is increased in individuals with Lactobacillus-deficient vaginal microbial communities. One proposed mechanism is that vaginal microbes ascend through the cervix, colonize the uterus, and activate inflammatory pathways leading to sPTB. This study assessed whether intrauterine colonization with either Gardnerella vaginalis and Mobiluncus mulieris alone is sufficient to induce maternal-fetal inflammation and induce sPTB.
METHOD OF STUDY
C56/B6J mice, on embryonic day 15, received intrauterine inoculation of saline or 10 colony-forming units of G. vaginalis (n = 30), M. mulieris (n = 17), or Lactobacillus crispatus (n = 16). Dams were either monitored for maternal morbidity and sPTB or sacrificed 6 h post-infusion for analysis of bacterial growth and cytokine/chemokine expression in maternal and fetal tissues.
RESULTS
Six hours following intrauterine inoculation with G. vaginalis, M. mulieris, or L. crispatus, live bacteria were observed in both blood and amniotic fluid, and a potent immune response was identified in the uterus and maternal serum. In contrast, only a limited immune response was identified in the amniotic fluid and the fetus after intrauterine inoculation. High bacterial load (10 CFU/animal) of G. vaginalis was associated with maternal morbidity and mortality but not sPTB. Intrauterine infusion with L. crispatus or M. mulieris at 10 CFU/animal did not induce sPTB, alter pup viability, litter size, or maternal mortality.
CONCLUSIONS
Despite inducing an immune response, intrauterine infusion of live G. vaginalis or M. mulieris is not sufficient to induce sPTB in our mouse model. These results suggest that ascension of common vaginal microbes into the uterine cavity alone is not causative for sPTB.
Topics: Actinomycetales Infections; Disease Models, Animal; Gardnerella vaginalis; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mobiluncus; Mothers; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Premature Birth; Vaginosis, Bacterial; Female; Animals; Mice
PubMed: 37491927
DOI: 10.1111/aji.13749 -
International Journal of Systematic and... Jul 2023Filamentous actinomycetes, designated SL13 and SL54, were isolated from pine litter and their taxonomic status resolved using a polyphasic approach. The isolates exhibit...
sp. nov., acidotolerant actinomycetes from pine litter, reclassification of , , and as comb. nov., comb. nov., comb. nov. and comb. nov., and emended descriptions of the genus , the family and .
Filamentous actinomycetes, designated SL13 and SL54, were isolated from pine litter and their taxonomic status resolved using a polyphasic approach. The isolates exhibit chemotaxonomic and morphological properties consistent with their classification in the family . They form extensively branched substrate mycelia bearing aerial hyphae that differentiate into straight chains of cylindrical spores. The whole-organism hydrolysates contain ll-diaminopimelic acid, glucose, mannose and ribose, the predominant isoprenologue is MK-9(H), the polar lipids are diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylglycerol and glycophospholipids, and the major fatty acids are anteiso-C, iso-C, iso-C and anteiso-C. Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and multilocus gene sequences of conserved housekeeping genes show that the isolates form a well-supported lineage that is most closely related to NBRC 115203. All of these strains form a well-defined clade in the multilocus sequence analysis tree together with DSM 46488, DSM 41836 and DSM 42083. Draft genomes assemblies of the isolates are rich in biosynthetic gene clusters predicted to produce novel specialized metabolites and stress-related genes which provide an insight into how they have adapted to the harsh conditions that prevail in pine litter. Phylogenomically, both isolates belong to the same lineage as the type strains of , , and ; these relationships are underpinned by high average amino acid identity, average nucleotide identity and genomic DNA-DNA hybridization values. These metrics confirm that isolates SL13 and SL54 belong to a novel species that is most closely related to NBRC 115203 and that these strains together with DSM 41836, DSM 42083 belong to the genus . Consequently, it is proposed that the isolates be recognized as a new species, comb. nov., with isolate SL54 (=DSM 111111=PCM3044) as the type strain, and that , and be transferred to the genus as comb. nov., comb. nov. and comb. nov. Emended descriptions are given for the genus , the family and for which was found to be a close relative of the isolates in the 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses. It is also proposed that be transferred to the genus as comb. nov based on its position in the MLSA and phylogenomic trees and associated genomic data.
Topics: Actinobacteria; Actinomyces; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Fatty Acids; Sequence Analysis, DNA; DNA, Bacterial; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Streptomyces; Streptomycetaceae; Phospholipids
PubMed: 37486349
DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.005978 -
Anaerobe Aug 2023Members of the Actinomyces genus and Actinomyces-like organisms (ALOs; namely Actinotignum, Arcanobacterium, Schaalia and Varibaculum) are Gram-positive,... (Review)
Review
Members of the Actinomyces genus and Actinomyces-like organisms (ALOs; namely Actinotignum, Arcanobacterium, Schaalia and Varibaculum) are Gram-positive, non-spore-forming rods that are commensal members of the human oral cavity, gastrointestinal tract, female genital tract and skin microbiota. Cervicofacial actinomycosis or "lumpy jaw syndrome" - the chronic, suppurative granulomatous disease caused by Actinomyces spp. And ALOs - is characterized by an initially slow and unspecific disease-presentation, which often mimics other pathologies, followed by the formation of painful abscesses and severe tissue destruction. Actinomycosis has been described as a rare disease, however, reliable epidemiological data are lacking. In addition, there is increasing awareness regarding the role of Actinomyces spp. in the development of osteoradionecrosis and medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw. The aim of this narrative review is to succinctly summarize the current advances regarding the microbiological, clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of cervicofacial actinomycosis, in addition to the roles of Actinomyces species and ALOs as members of the oral microbiota and in dental biofilm, in other dental infections (caries, root canal infection, periapical infection, periodontitis) and osteonecrosis of the jaw, in the context of recent taxonomic changes affecting the genus. Our paper aims to be a blueprint for dentists, other physicians, microbiologists and researchers regarding the multifaceted field of cervicofacial actinomycosis.
Topics: Female; Humans; Actinomyces; Actinomycosis; Actinomycosis, Cervicofacial; Mouth; Actinomycetaceae; Osteonecrosis
PubMed: 37482285
DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2023.102767 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2023Marine natural products have been recognized as the most promising source of bioactive substances for drug discovery research. This review illustrates the diversity of... (Review)
Review
Marine natural products have been recognized as the most promising source of bioactive substances for drug discovery research. This review illustrates the diversity of culturable actinobacteria associated with marine algae, their bioactivity and metabolites, and approaches to their isolation and determination of their biological properties. Furthermore, actinobacteria associated with marine algae are presented as a new subject for an extensive investigation to find novel and active natural products, which make them a potentially rich and innovative source for new drug development deserving more attention and exploration.
Topics: Actinobacteria; Actinomyces; Biological Products; Drug Discovery; Bacteria
PubMed: 37446800
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135138 -
BMC Infectious Diseases Jun 2023The combined infection of actinomyces odontolyticus sepsis and cryptococcal encephalitis is rare in routine clinical practice. Thus, we presented this case report and... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The combined infection of actinomyces odontolyticus sepsis and cryptococcal encephalitis is rare in routine clinical practice. Thus, we presented this case report and literature review to provide clues to improve such patients' diagnoses and treatment processes.
CASE PRESENTATION
The main clinical manifestations of the patient were high fever and intracranial hypertension. Then, we completed the routine cerebrospinal fluid examination, biochemical detection, cytological examination, bacterial culture, and India ink staining. Firstly, the blood culture suggested actinomyces odontolyticus infection, considering the possibility of actinomyces odontolyticus sepsis and intracranial actinomyces odontolyticus infection. Accordingly, the patient was administered penicillin for treatment. Although the fever was slightly relieved, the symptoms of intracranial hypertension did not relieve. After 7 days, the characteristics of brain magnetic resonance imaging and the results of pathogenic metagenomics sequencing and cryptococcal capsular polysaccharide antigen suggested that cryptococcal infection. Based on the above results, the patient was diagnosed with a combined infection of cryptococcal meningoencephalitis and actinomyces odontolyticus sepsis. Anti-infection therapy with 'penicillin, amphotericin, and fluconazole' was provided, improving the clinical manifestations and objective indexes.
CONCLUSION
The combined infection of Actinomyces odontolyticus sepsis and cryptococcal encephalitis is first reported in this case report, and combined antibiotics with 'penicillin, amphotericin, and fluconazole' are effective.
Topics: Humans; Fluconazole; Amphotericin B; Cryptococcus neoformans; Actinomycosis; Penicillins; Sepsis; Meningoencephalitis; Actinomyces; Intracranial Hypertension; Antifungal Agents; Meningitis, Cryptococcal
PubMed: 37365493
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08391-w