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Biotechnology Advances Oct 2023Numerous biotic and abiotic stress in some geographical regions predisposed their agricultural matrix to challenges threatening plant productivity, health, and quality.... (Review)
Review
Numerous biotic and abiotic stress in some geographical regions predisposed their agricultural matrix to challenges threatening plant productivity, health, and quality. In curbing these threats, different customary agrarian principles have been created through research and development, ranging from chemical inputs and genetic modification of crops to the recently trending smart agricultural technology. But the peculiarities associated with these methods have made agriculturists rely on plant rhizospheric microbiome services, particularly bacteria. Several bacterial resources like Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Acidobacteria, and Actinomycetes (Streptomycetes) are prominent as bioinoculants or the application of their by-products in alleviating biotic/abiotic stress have been extensively studied, with a dearth in the application of rare Actinomycetes metabolites. Rare Actinomycetes are known for their colossal genome, containing well-preserved genes coding for prolific secondary metabolites with many agroactive functionalities that can revolutionize the agricultural industry. Therefore, the imperativeness of this review to express the occurrence and distributions of rare Actinomycetes diversity, plant and soil-associated habitats, successional track in the rhizosphere under diverse stress, and their agroactive metabolite characteristics and functionalities that can remediate the challenges associated with agricultural productivity.
Topics: Actinobacteria; Actinomyces; Bacteria; Rhizosphere; Agriculture; Soil; Soil Microbiology
PubMed: 37356598
DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108205 -
Journal of Translational Medicine Jun 2023Osteoradionecrosis (ORN) is a serious complication of radiotherapy for head and neck cancer (HNC). However, its etiology and pathogenesis have not been completely...
BACKGROUND
Osteoradionecrosis (ORN) is a serious complication of radiotherapy for head and neck cancer (HNC). However, its etiology and pathogenesis have not been completely elucidated. Recent studies suggest the involvement of the oral microbiota in the development of ORN. The aim of this study was to assess the correlation between oral microbiota and the extent of bone resorption in ORN patients.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Thirty patients who received high-dose radiotherapy for HNC were enrolled. Tissue specimens were collected from the unaffected and affected sides. The diversity, species differences and marker species of the oral microbial community were determined by 16 S rRNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis.
RESULTS
The ORN group had greater microbial abundance and species diversity. The relative abundance of f_Prevotellaceaeand, f_Fusobacteriaceae, f_Porphyromonadaceae, f_Actinomycetaceae, f_Staphylococcaceae, g_Prevotella, g_Staphylococcus, s_Endodontalis and s_Intermedia were particular;y increased in ORN, suggesting a potential association between the oral microbiota and ORN. Furthermore, g_Prevotella, g_Streptococcus, s_parvula and s_mucilaginosa were identified as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of ORN. Association network analysis also suggested an overall imbalance in species diversity and ecological diversity in the oral microbiota of ORN patients. In addition, pathway analysis indicated that the dominant microbiota in ORN may disrupt bone regeneration by regulating specific metabolic pathways that increase osteoclastic activity.
CONCLUSION
Radiation-induced ORN is associated with significant changes in the oral microbiota, and the latter may play a potential role in the etiopathology of post-radiation ORN. The exact mechanisms through which the oral microbiota influence osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis remain to be elucidated.
Topics: Humans; Osteoradionecrosis; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Health Status
PubMed: 37328857
DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04219-y -
Precision Clinical Medicine Jun 2023Observational studies have indicated a potential link between gut microbiota and sarcopenia. However, the underlying mechanisms and a causal relationship have not been...
BACKGROUND
Observational studies have indicated a potential link between gut microbiota and sarcopenia. However, the underlying mechanisms and a causal relationship have not been established. Thus, the objective of this study is to examine the possible causal association between gut microbiota and sarcopenia-related traits, including low hand-grip strength and appendicular lean mass (ALM), to shed light on the gut-muscle axis.
METHODS
To investigate the potential impact of gut microbiota on low hand-grip strength and ALM, we utilized a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. Summary statistics were obtained from genome-wide association studies of gut microbiota, low hand-grip strength, and ALM. The primary MR analysis employed the random-effects inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method. To assess the robustness, we conducted sensitivity analyses using the MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO) test to detect and correct for horizontal pleiotropy, as well as the MR-Egger intercept test and leave-one-out analysis.
RESULTS
, and were positively associated with the risk of low hand-grip strength (-values < 0.05). were negatively associated with low hand-grip strength (-values < 0.05). Eight bacterial taxa (, and were associated with a higher risk of ALM (-values < 0.05). group was negatively associated with ALM (-values < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
We found several gut microbiota components causally associated with sarcopenia-related traits. Our findings provided insights into novel strategies for the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia through the regulation of the gut microbiota, contributing to a better understanding of the gut-muscle axis.
PubMed: 37324750
DOI: 10.1093/pcmedi/pbad010 -
Journal of Applied Microbiology Jun 2023Metabolomic analysis using LC-HRESIMS of 12 extracts of Spongia irregularis-associated actinomycetes for dereplication purposes in addition to evaluation of cytotoxic...
AIM
Metabolomic analysis using LC-HRESIMS of 12 extracts of Spongia irregularis-associated actinomycetes for dereplication purposes in addition to evaluation of cytotoxic and antiviral activities of the extracts.
METHODS AND RESULTS
In this study, three actinomycetes belonging to the genera Micromonospora, Streptomyces, and Rhodococcus were recovered from the marine sponge Spongia irregularis. Applying the OSMAC approach, each strain was fermented on four different media, resulting in 12 extracts. All extracts were subjected to metabolomic analysis using LC-HRESIMS for dereplication purposes. Multivariate data statistical analysis was carried out for the differentiation between extracts. Additionally, the cytotoxic and anti-hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) potentials of extracts were evaluated. Most of extracts showed strong to moderate cytotoxicity effects against HepG-2, CACO-2, and MCF-7 cell lines with a general IC50 range of 2.8-8.9 µg/ml. Moreover, the extracts of Micromonospora sp. UR44 using ISP2 and OLIGO media and Streptomyces sp. UR32 using ISP2 medium exhibited anti-HCV activity with IC50 of 4.5 ± 0.22, 3.8 ± 0.18, and 5.7 ± 0.15 µM, respectively.
CONCLUSION
Metabolomic analysis of 12 extracts of S. irregularis-associated actinomycetes led to the identification of a large number of secondary metabolites. Morever, investigation of cytotoxic and antiviral activities of the extracts revealed that only three extracts exhibited antiviral activity and seven extracts exhibited cytotoxic activity.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Actinobacteria; Actinomyces; Caco-2 Cells; Porifera; Streptomyces; Antineoplastic Agents; Antiviral Agents
PubMed: 37296319
DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxad120 -
International Journal of Molecular... May 2023Eriodictyol is a hydroxylated flavonoid displaying multiple pharmaceutical activities, such as antitumoral, antiviral or neuroprotective. However, its industrial...
Eriodictyol is a hydroxylated flavonoid displaying multiple pharmaceutical activities, such as antitumoral, antiviral or neuroprotective. However, its industrial production is limited to extraction from plants due to its inherent limitations. Here, we present the generation of a bacterial factory edited at the genome level for an optimized de novo heterologous production of eriodictyol. For this purpose, an expansion of the Golden Standard toolkit (a Type IIS assembly method based on the Standard European Vector Architecture (SEVA)) has been created, encompassing a collection of synthetic biology modular vectors (adapted for their use in actinomycetes). These vectors have been designed for the assembly of transcriptional units and gene circuits in a plug-and-play manner, as well as for genome editing using CRISPR-Cas9-mediated genetic engineering. These vectors have been used for the optimization of the eriodictyol heterologous production levels in by enhancing the flavonoid-3'-hydroxylase (F3'H) activity (by means of a chimera design) and by replacing three native biosynthetic gene clusters in the bacterial chromosome with the plant genes (involved in extracellular malonate uptake and its intracellular activation into malonyl-CoA), therefore allowing more malonyl-CoA to be devoted to the heterologous production of plant flavonoids in this bacterial factory. These experiments have allowed an increase in production of 1.8 times in the edited strain (where the three native biosynthetic gene clusters have been deleted) in comparison with the wild-type strain and a 13 times increase in eriodictyol overproduction in comparison with the non-chimaera version of the F3'H enzyme.
Topics: Actinobacteria; Actinomyces; Flavonoids
PubMed: 37240225
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108879 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2023α-Glucosidase (AGS) inhibitors have been regarded as an ideal target for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) since they can maintain an acceptable blood...
α-Glucosidase (AGS) inhibitors have been regarded as an ideal target for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) since they can maintain an acceptable blood glucose level by delaying the digestion of carbohydrates and diminishing the absorption of monosaccharides. In the process of our endeavor in mining AGS inhibitors from natural sources, the culture broth of two mangrove-derived actinomycetes sp. WHUA03267 and sp. WHUA03072 exhibited an apparent inhibitory activity against AGS. A subsequent chemical investigation into the two extracts furnished 28 secondary metabolites that were identified by spectroscopic methods as two previously undescribed linear polyketides -, four benzenoid ansamycins -, fourteen cyclodipeptides -, one prenylated indole derivative , two fusicoccane-type diterpenoids -, two hydroxamate siderophore -, and five others -. Among all of the isolates, and were obtained from actinomycetes for the first time, while - had never been reported to occur in a marine-derived microorganism previously. In the in vitro AGS inhibitory assay, compounds , , , , , , and exhibited potent to moderate activity with IC values ranging from 35.76 ± 0.40 to 164.5 ± 15.5 μM, as compared with acarbose (IC = 422.3 ± 8.4 μM). The AGS inhibitory activity of , , , , and was reported for the first time. In particular, autolytimycin () represented the first ansamycin derivative reported to possess the AGS inhibitory activity. Kinetics analysis and molecular docking were performed to determine the inhibition types and binding modes of these inhibitors, respectively. In the MTT assay, , , , , , , and exhibited no apparent cytotoxicity to the human normal hepatocyte (LO2) cells, suggesting satisfactory safety of these AGS inhibitors.
Topics: Humans; Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors; Actinobacteria; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Actinomyces; Molecular Docking Simulation; Streptomyces; alpha-Glucosidases; Molecular Structure
PubMed: 37175232
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093822 -
Frontiers in Nutrition 2023In recent decades, obesity prevalence has reached epidemic proportions and considering the pivotal role of gut microbiota (GM) in the regulation of energy balance,...
Effects of the probiotic IMC 510® on body composition, biochemical parameters, gut microbiota composition and function, and clinical symptoms of overweight/obese subjects.
BACKGROUND AND AIM
In recent decades, obesity prevalence has reached epidemic proportions and considering the pivotal role of gut microbiota (GM) in the regulation of energy balance, alternative non-pharmacological approaches involving probiotics' administration have been proposed. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of IMC 510® supplementation on anthropometric and biochemical parameters, GM composition and functionality, and gastrointestinal and general symptoms of overweight/obese subjects.
METHODS
Forty overweight/obese subjects were randomly assigned to daily consume the probiotic IMC 510® or placebo for 3 months. Before and after the administration period, anthropometric and biochemical parameters, self-administered questionnaires, and plasma and stool samples were obtained from each participant. The GM characterization was performed with 16S rRNA sequencing, while fecal short (SCFAs) and medium (MCFAs) chain fatty acids were analyzed with a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry protocol.
RESULTS
Compared to placebo, probiotic supplementation determined a significant decrease in body weight, BMI, waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio, and blood glucose. Moreover, probiotic administration produced a significant decrease of the genera and and an increase of spp.; conversely, placebo administration resulted in the decrease of Actinomycetaceae and an increase of both spp. and of the levels of pro-inflammatory hexanoic and heptanoic acids.
CONCLUSION
Thanks to its effect in increasing some beneficial gut bacteria and lowering effects on waist circumference, fasting glucose levels and gastrointestinal symptoms of obese subjects, IMC 510® supplementation could represent a future and encouraging strategy for the prevention or treatment of obesity.
PubMed: 37125045
DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1142527 -
Medicina 2023
Topics: Humans; Actinomycetaceae; Carcinoma
PubMed: 37094213
DOI: No ID Found -
International Journal of Systematic and... Apr 2023Two Gram-positive, aerobic and non-motile actinomycetes, designated S1-96 and N2-109, were isolated from soils collected from a cotton field. They are described as...
Two Gram-positive, aerobic and non-motile actinomycetes, designated S1-96 and N2-109, were isolated from soils collected from a cotton field. They are described as representing two novel species of genera and through a polyphasic approach. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strains S1-96 and N2-109 showed highest similarity to CGMCC 4.4663 (99.10 %) and BNT558 (98.21 %), respectively. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA and core genes confirmed the close relationships of these strains. Genomic analyses further supported the novel taxonomic delimitation of these two species based on digital DNA-DNA hybridization and average nucleotide identity. Strains S1-96 and N2-109 contained MK-9(H) and MK-9(H) as the most abundant menaquinone, respectively. High abundances of iso-fatty acids were detected in both strains, which was similar to their close relatives. Physiological and polar lipid analyses also revealed differences between these strains and their phylogenetic neighbours, supporting their taxonomic delimitation as novel species. The names sp. nov. (type strain S1-96=JCM 34412=CGMCC 4.7707) and sp. nov. (type strain N2-109=JCM 34628=CGMCC 4.7717) are proposed.
Topics: Fatty Acids; Actinomyces; Rhizosphere; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Diaminopimelic Acid; Actinomycetales; Streptomyces; Actinobacteria; Gossypium
PubMed: 37068120
DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.005832 -
Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health Jun 2023Actinomycosis is a rare subacute to chronic granulomatous infection which can mimic other infectious or malignant diseases. This study examined the epidemiology and...
AIM
Actinomycosis is a rare subacute to chronic granulomatous infection which can mimic other infectious or malignant diseases. This study examined the epidemiology and treatment outcome of actinomycosis in children.
METHODS
A retrospective study on children admitted for actinomycosis in a tertiary paediatric hospital in Singapore, from January 2004 to December 2020. Clinical profile, therapeutic interventions and outcomes were examined.
RESULTS
A total of 10 patients were identified; 7 were female. The median age at first presentation was 9.8 years (range 4.7-15.7). The most common presenting symptom was fever (n = 6, 60%), followed by facial or neck swelling (n = 3, 30%) and ear pain (n = 3, 30%). Actinomycosis occurred predominantly in the orocervicofacial region (n = 6, 60%). Four patients (40%) had preceding dental infections in the form of dental caries or gingivitis. One patient had poorly controlled insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Actinomycosis was confirmed via culture in four patients, histopathology in four patients and both methods in two patients. All except one patient (n = 9, 90%) underwent surgical procedures. All patients received ampicillin or amoxicillin/clavulanate or other beta-lactams, for a median duration of 6.5 months (range 1.5-14). Complications included osteomyelitis (n = 4, 40%), mastoiditis (n = 2, 20%), brain abscess (n = 1, 10%) and recurrent neck abscess (n = 1, 10%). There was no mortality and all patients achieved complete resolution.
CONCLUSIONS
Paediatric actinomycosis was rare in our 16-year review, but had a high complication rate. It can occur in immunocompetent patients, and dental infection was the predominant risk factor identified. Prognosis was excellent after surgical intervention and appropriate antimicrobial therapy.
Topics: Humans; Child; Female; Child, Preschool; Adolescent; Male; Retrospective Studies; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Actinomyces; Dental Caries; Actinomycosis
PubMed: 37017147
DOI: 10.1111/jpc.16400