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Oral Health & Preventive Dentistry Apr 2024To investigate the microbiological outcomes obtained with either subgingival debridement (SD) in conjunction with a gel containing sodium hypochlorite and amino acids... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
PURPOSE
To investigate the microbiological outcomes obtained with either subgingival debridement (SD) in conjunction with a gel containing sodium hypochlorite and amino acids followed by subsequent application of a cross-linked hyaluronic acid gel (xHyA) gel, or with SD alone.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Forty-eight patients diagnosed with stages II-III (grades A/B) generalised periodontitis were randomly treated with either SD (control) or SD plus adjunctive sodium hypochlorite/amino acids and xHyA gel (test). Subgingival plaque samples were collected from the deepest site per quadrant in each patient at baseline and after 3 and 6 months. Pooled sample analysis was performed using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based method for the identification of detection frequencies and changes in numbers of the following bacteria: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A.a), Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.g), Tannerella forsythia (T.f), Treponema denticola (T.d), and Prevotella intermedia (P.i).
RESULTS
In terms of detection frequency, in the test group, statistically significant reductions were found for P.g, T.f, T.d and P.i (p < 0.05) after 6 months. In the control group, the detection frequencies of all investigated bacterial species at 6 months were comparable to the baseline values (p > 0.05). The comparison of the test and control groups revealed statistically significant differences in detection frequency for P.g (p = 0.034), T.d (p < 0.01) and P.i (p = 0.02) after 6 months, favouring the test group. Regarding reduction in detection frequency scores, at 6 months, statistically significant differences in favour of the test group were observed for all investigated bacterial species: A.a (p = 0.028), P.g (p = 0.028), T.f (p = 0.004), T.d (p <0.001), and P.i (p = 0.003).
CONCLUSIONS
The present microbiological results, which are related to short-term outcomes up to 6 months post-treatment, support the adjunctive subgingival application of sodium hypochlorite/amino acids and xHyA to subgingival debridement in the treatment of periodontitis.
Topics: Humans; Hyaluronic Acid; Sodium Hypochlorite; Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Female; Middle Aged; Male; Prevotella intermedia; Tannerella forsythia; Treponema denticola; Adult; Dental Plaque; Amino Acids; Periodontal Debridement; Bacterial Load; Gels; Combined Modality Therapy; Follow-Up Studies; Cross-Linking Reagents; Periodontal Pocket; Periodontitis
PubMed: 38687029
DOI: 10.3290/j.ohpd.b5281925 -
Medicina 2024Brain abscess is a focal suppurative process produced in most cases by bacterial agents. Aggregatibacter aphrophilus is a gram-negative bacteria belonging to the HACEK...
Brain abscess is a focal suppurative process produced in most cases by bacterial agents. Aggregatibacter aphrophilus is a gram-negative bacteria belonging to the HACEK group, which causes infective endocarditis, liver abscesses, among others. Brain abscesses secondary to this germ are rare and, in most cases, it is associated with contact with pets, poor dental hygiene or dental procedures. Treatment consists of drainage of the abscess (greater than 2.5 cm) combined with antibiotic therapy, ideally beta-lactams. The case of a 64-year-old male patient with no relevant history is here presented. He was admitted to the emergency service due to headache, hemianopsia of a week's duration and later tonic-clonic seizures, in whom imaging studies and culture of a brain lesion subsequently revealed a brain abscess due to A. aphrophilus. This case aims to illustrate about the rarity of this infection, because A. aphrophilus is a normal part of the oropharyngeal flora and respiratory tract, in which it rarely causes invasive bacteremia.
Topics: Brain Abscess; Humans; Male; Aggregatibacter aphrophilus; Middle Aged; Pasteurellaceae Infections; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drainage
PubMed: 38683524
DOI: No ID Found -
Iranian Journal of Microbiology Feb 2024Periodontal diseases are resulted from gum infections and dental plaques, which are mainly caused by the bacterial agents. Since dental monitoring includes important...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Periodontal diseases are resulted from gum infections and dental plaques, which are mainly caused by the bacterial agents. Since dental monitoring includes important prognostic roles, the aim of this study was to detect the most common periodontal pathogenic bacteria in children.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A total of 200 clinical samples were collected from dental plaques and gingival grooves. Target-specific primers were designed for in , in and 16S rRNA in and . Then, a multiplex polymerase chain reaction method was optimized for the highlighted bacterial agents.
RESULTS
In general, the highest and the lowest bacterial prevalence rates belonged to (88%) and (13%), respectively. Furthermore, prevalence rates of , and were 25, 21 and 45% in samples, respectively.
CONCLUSION
There were significant associations between dental/oral health and microbial community. Metabolism of the oral bacteria, including biofilm formation, can affect gums and develop dental plaques and hence dental caries, especially in children. Early diagnosis of dental caries in children via rapid, accurate molecular methods can increase the diagnostic capacity in clinical cases and therefore prevent periodontal infections in adulthood.
PubMed: 38682052
DOI: 10.18502/ijm.v16i1.14870 -
Clinical Case Reports May 2024spp. is a rare cause for cardiac device infections. Due to limited data, the management of spp. device infections is not clearly defined but should always involve...
spp. is a rare cause for cardiac device infections. Due to limited data, the management of spp. device infections is not clearly defined but should always involve device removal and prolonged intravenous antibiotics.
PubMed: 38681041
DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.8843 -
Scientific Reports Apr 2024This study aimed to assess the association between the oral microbiome, age, and frailty. Data and saliva samples were obtained from male and female participants aged...
This study aimed to assess the association between the oral microbiome, age, and frailty. Data and saliva samples were obtained from male and female participants aged 35-70 years (n = 1357). Saliva samples were analysed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and differences in microbial diversity and community compositions were examined in relation to chronological age and the frailty index (FI). Most alpha diversity measures (Richness, Shannon Diversity, Faith's Phylogenetic Diversity) showed an inverse association with frailty, whereas a positive association was observed with age and Shannon Diversity and Evenness. A further sex-stratified analysis revealed differences in measures of microbial diversity and composition. Multiple genera were detected as significantly differentially abundant with increasing frailty and age by at least two methods. With age, the relative abundance of Veillonella was reduced in both males and females, whereas increases in Corynebacterium appeared specific to males and Aggregatibacter, Fusobacterium, Neisseria, Stomatobaculum, and Porphyromonas specific to females. Beta diversity was significantly associated with multiple mental health components of the FI. This study shows age and frailty are differentially associated with measures of microbial diversity and composition, suggesting the oral microbiome may be a useful indicator of increased risk of frailty or a potential target for improving health in ageing adults.
Topics: Humans; Middle Aged; Female; Male; Aged; Adult; Frailty; Microbiota; Canada; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Mouth; Saliva; Bacteria; Aging; Age Factors
PubMed: 38678061
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60409-8 -
Microorganisms Apr 2024The benefits of probiotics on dysbiotic microbiomes and inflammation are dependent on the tested strain, host factors, and the resident microbiome. There is limited...
The benefits of probiotics on dysbiotic microbiomes and inflammation are dependent on the tested strain, host factors, and the resident microbiome. There is limited knowledge on the effects of probiotics in -associated periodontitis. Thus, LA5 (LA5) was orally inoculated for 30 days in C57Bl/6 mice infected with JP2 (Aa) and (Sg). Alveolar bone loss, gingival gene expression, and oral and gut microbiomes were determined. LA5 controlled bone loss in Aa+Sg-infected mice, downregulated the expression of and upregulated in gingival tissues, and altered the oral and gut microbiomes. LA5 increased the diversity of the oral microbiome of Aa+Sg infected mice, and Aa+Sg and Aa+Sg+LA5 oral or gut microbiomes clustered apart. LA5 induced shifts in Aa+Sg infected mice by increasing the abundance of and decreasing in the oral cavity and increasing the abundance of and in the gut. In conclusion, LA5 oral administration controls experimental Aa-associated periodontitis by altering inflammatory gene expression and the oral and gut microbiomes.
PubMed: 38674780
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040836 -
Biomedicines Mar 2024Peri-implantitis (PI), the most widespread condition in the oral cavity, affects patients globally; thus, advanced research in both in vitro and in vivo studies is...
Peri-implantitis (PI), the most widespread condition in the oral cavity, affects patients globally; thus, advanced research in both in vitro and in vivo studies is required. This study aimed to develop peri-implantitis in the rat model by oral contamination with bacteria responsible for PI in humans. The study was carried out in three stages: the extraction of the maxillary first molar to reproduce the human edentation, the mounting of the implant, and finally, the contamination of the device by gavage with , and . The hematological examinations showed statistically significant increases for WBCs (white blood cells), Hb (hemoglobin), RBCs (red blood cells), MCH (mean corpuscular hemoglobin), MCHC (mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration), and PLTs (platelets), but especially for the level of neutrophils and lymphocytes, and the systemic immunoinflammatory index completed the picture related to the inflammatory response triggered as a result of the activity of microorganisms pathogens on oral tissues. By examining the liver and kidney profile, we hypothesized that peri-implantitis is associated with systemic diseases, and the histopathological examination showed peri-implantitis lesions characterized by a marked inflammatory infiltrate with numerous neutrophils and lymphocytes. By corroborating all the results, we successfully developed a rat peri-implantitis model using a mixed bacterial infection through the oral gavage technique.
PubMed: 38672071
DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040715 -
Dentistry Journal Apr 2024The microbial compositions from concurrent peri-implant and periodontal lesions were compared, since the results reported in the literature on the etiological...
The microbial compositions from concurrent peri-implant and periodontal lesions were compared, since the results reported in the literature on the etiological relationship between these oral pathologies are contradictory. Microbial compositions from nine patients were evaluated using Illumina MiSeq sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons and Principal Components Analysis. Comparisons between the use of curettes or paper points as collection methods and between bacterial composition in both pathologies were performed. Paper points allowed the recovery of a higher number of bacterial genera. A higher bacterial diversity was found in peri-implantitis compared to periodontal samples from the same patient, while a greater number of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were present in the corresponding periodontal samples. A higher abundance of oral pathogens, such as or , was found in peri-implantitis sites. The opposite trend was observed for abundance, which was higher in periodontal than in peri-implantitis lesions, suggesting that both oral pathologies could be considered different but related diseases. Although the analysis of a higher number of samples would be needed, the differences regarding the microbial composition provide a basis for further understating the pathogenesis of peri-implant infections.
PubMed: 38668025
DOI: 10.3390/dj12040113 -
Journal of Periodontal Research Apr 2024This study evaluated the efficacy of quadrantwise subgingival instrumentation (Q-SI) versus one-stage full-mouth subgingival instrumentation (FM-SI) on probing depth and...
AIM
This study evaluated the efficacy of quadrantwise subgingival instrumentation (Q-SI) versus one-stage full-mouth subgingival instrumentation (FM-SI) on probing depth and periodontal pathogen reduction over a 6-month follow-up period, as well as whether baseline periodontal pathogens influenced the impact of periodontal treatment protocols on outcomes.
METHODS
Patients with periodontitis were randomized to receive Q-SI (n = 43) or FM-SI (n = 45). Patients were instructed and motivated to maintain optimal oral hygiene during the treatment sessions. Clinical (probing pocket depth [PPD], clinical attachment loss [CAL], and bleeding on probing [BOP]) and periodontal pathogens were assessed at baseline and after 30, 90, and 180 days. Total bacterial load and periodontal pathogens were analysed via real-time PCR.
RESULTS
At the 6-month follow-up, the median PPD decreased from 4.8 mm (interquartile range [IQR]: 4.3-5.2) to 2.6 mm (IQR: 2.3-2.9) in FM-SI patients and from 4.7 mm (IQR: 4.1-5.2) to 3.2 mm (IQR: 2.4-3.5) in Q-SI patients (p < .001). At 6 months, FM-SI was more effective at reducing the median proportions of Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Aggregatibacter actinocomyctemcomitans, and Tannerella forsythia (Tf) (p < .001 for each value). Multilevel linear regression analysis demonstrated that high baseline PPD (p = .029), Pg (p = .014), and Tf (p < .001) levels and the FM-SI protocol (p < .001) were statistically significant predictors of PPD reduction at 6 months. Furthermore, PPD reduction was significantly greater in the FM-SI group when lower baseline Pg levels were detected.
CONCLUSION
The FM-SI was more effective than the Q-SI in reducing the mean PPD and number of periodontal pathogens in periodontitis patients over a 6-month follow-up period. Higher baseline PPD and Pg levels had a negative impact on PPD reduction at 6 months after FM-SI.
PubMed: 38666373
DOI: 10.1111/jre.13279 -
IScience May 2024Microbial ecosystems experience spatial and nutrient restrictions leading to the coevolution of cooperation and competition among cohabiting species. To increase their...
Microbial ecosystems experience spatial and nutrient restrictions leading to the coevolution of cooperation and competition among cohabiting species. To increase their fitness for survival, bacteria exploit machinery to antagonizing rival species upon close contact. As such, the bacterial type VI secretion system (T6SS) nanomachinery, typically expressed by pathobionts, can transport proteins directly into eukaryotic or prokaryotic cells, consequently killing cohabiting competitors. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that oral symbiont possesses a T6SS and can eliminate its close relative oral pathobiont using its T6SS. These findings bring nearer the anti-bacterial prospects of symbionts against cohabiting pathobionts while introducing the presence of an active T6SS in the oral cavity.
PubMed: 38650989
DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109650