-
Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy Feb 2024The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (PDT) using 635 nm diode laser irradiation with an energy density of 6 to 30...
Comparative study of the effect of different exposure parameters of 635nm diode laser and toluidine blue O in eliminating Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans biofilm from titanium implant surfaces.
BACKGROUND
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (PDT) using 635 nm diode laser irradiation with an energy density of 6 to 30 J/cm and toluidine blue O (TBO) as a photosensitizer on the viability of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans attached to the surface of titanium implants.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Titanium implants contaminated with A. actinomycetemcomitans were treated with TBO alone or in combination with different exposure parameters (light doses of 6 - 30 J/cm at 635 nm) and 0.2 % chlorhexidine (CHX). After treatment, colony forming units (CFUs)/ml were determined to assess PDT efficacy. The structure of the biofilm of A. actinomycetemcomitans was analyzed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM).
RESULTS
Under optimal conditions, the colony count was reduced by ∼90 %. Treatment with CHX was somewhat more effective (colony formation was reduced by ∼95 %), but this agent has adverse effects that can be avoided with PDT.
CONCLUSION
This study confirms the efficacy of PDT against A. actinomycetemcomitans depending on the light dose. Treatment with TBO + 635 nm diode laser has an effect that may be equivalent to that of CHX, but perhaps with fewer adverse effects.
Topics: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans; Titanium; Tolonium Chloride; Lasers, Semiconductor; Photosensitizing Agents; Photochemotherapy; Biofilms; Chlorhexidine
PubMed: 38346465
DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104012 -
Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy Feb 2024This study aimed to assess the effect of antibacterial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) with chitosan nanoparticles on Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A....
BACKGROUND
This study aimed to assess the effect of antibacterial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) with chitosan nanoparticles on Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A. actinomycetemcomitans) in the culture medium.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
In this in vitro, experimental study, chitosan nanoparticles (CHNPs) containing indocyanine green (ICG) were first synthesized and characterized. A. actinomycetemcomitans was cultured on trypticase soy agar. The culture media containing A. actinomycetemcomitans were randomly subjected to the following six decontamination protocols: negative control subjected to sterile phosphate buffered saline (PBS) for 5 min, positive control exposed to 0.2 % chlorhexidine (CHX) for 5 min, exposure to 0.25 mg/mL ICG in the dark at 37 °C for 5 min, aPDT with 0.25 mg/mL ICG and diode laser (808 nm, 250 mW, 14.94 J/cm, 30 s, 1 mm distance, 8 mm tip diameter), exposure to CHNPs containing 0.25 mg/mL ICG in the dark at 37 °C for 5 min, and aPDT with CHNPs containing 0.25 mg/mL ICG and diode laser. The number of colonies was counted, and analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tamhane test (alpha=0.050).
RESULTS
Antimicrobial PDT with CHNPs, and CHX groups comparably showed the highest decontamination efficacy (P = 0.000).
CONCLUSION
The results showed optimal efficacy of aPDT with CHNPs containing 0.25 mg/mL ICG and 808 nm diode laser for reduction of A. actinomycetemcomitans colony count. Thus, aPDT appears to be as effective as CHX, but with fewer adverse effects.
Topics: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans; Chitosan; Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chlorhexidine; Culture Media; Indocyanine Green; Nanoparticles
PubMed: 38336150
DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.103996 -
Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) Feb 2024The oro-respiratory microbiome is impacted by inhalable exposures such as smoking and has been associated with respiratory health conditions. However, the effect of...
The oro-respiratory microbiome is impacted by inhalable exposures such as smoking and has been associated with respiratory health conditions. However, the effect of emerging toxicants, particularly engineered nanoparticles, alone or in co-exposure with smoking, is poorly understood. Here, we investigated the impact of sub-chronic exposure to carbon nanotube (CNT) particles, cigarette smoke extract (CSE), and their combination. The oral, nasal, and lung microbiomes were characterized using 16S rRNA-based metagenomics. The exposures caused the following shifts in lung microbiota: CNT led to a change from Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes and Tenericutes; CSE caused a shift from Proteobacteria to Bacteroidetes; and co-exposure (CNT+CSE) had a mixed effect, maintaining higher numbers of Bacteroidetes (due to the CNT effect) and Tenericutes (due to the CSE effect) compared to the control group. Oral microbiome analysis revealed an abundance of the following genera: Acinetobacter (CNT), Staphylococcus, Aggregatibacter, Allobaculum, and Streptococcus (CSE), and Alkalibacterium (CNT+CSE). These proinflammatory microbial shifts correlated with changes in the relative expression of lung mucosal homeostasis/defense proteins, viz., aquaporin 1 (AQP-1), surfactant protein A (SP-A), mucin 5b (MUC5B), and IgA. Microbiota depletion reversed these perturbations, albeit to a varying extent, confirming the modulatory role of oro-respiratory dysbiosis in lung mucosal toxicity. This is the first demonstration of specific oro-respiratory microbiome constituents as potential modifiers of toxicant effects in exposed lungs.
PubMed: 38334585
DOI: 10.3390/nano14030314 -
Clinical Infectious Diseases : An... Apr 2024Revised diagnostic criteria for infective endocarditis (IE), the 2023 Duke-ISCVID criteria, were recently presented and need validation. Here, we compare the 2000...
Performance of the 2023 Duke-International Society of Cardiovascular Infectious Diseases Diagnostic Criteria for Infective Endocarditis in Relation to the Modified Duke Criteria and to Clinical Management-Reanalysis of Retrospective Bacteremia Cohorts.
BACKGROUND
Revised diagnostic criteria for infective endocarditis (IE), the 2023 Duke-ISCVID criteria, were recently presented and need validation. Here, we compare the 2000 modified Duke criteria for IE with Duke-ISCVID among patients with bacteremia and relate the diagnostic classification to IE treatment.
METHODS
We reanalyzed patient cohorts with Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus lugdunensis, non-β-hemolytic streptococci, Streptococcus-like bacteria, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Enterococcus faecalis, and HACEK (Haemophilus, Aggregatibacter, Cardiobacterium, Eikenella, Kingella) bacteremia. Episodes were classified as definite, possible, or rejected IE with the modified Duke and Duke-ISCVID criteria. Reclassification included the microbiology criteria, positron emission tomography-computed tomography, and cardiac implanted electronic devices. To calculate sensitivity, patients treated for IE were considered as having IE.
RESULTS
In 4050 episodes of bacteremia, the modified Duke criteria assigned 307 episodes (7.6%) as definite IE, 1190 (29%) as possible IE, and 2553 (63%) as rejected IE. Using the Duke-ISCVID criteria, 13 episodes (0.3%) were reclassified from possible to definite IE, and 475 episodes (12%) were reclassified from rejected to possible IE. With the modified Duke criteria, 79 episodes that were treated as IE were classified as possible IE, and 11 of these episodes were reclassified to definite IE with Duke-ISCVID. Applying the decision to treat for IE as a reference standard, the sensitivity of the Duke-ISCVID criteria was 80%. None of the 475 episodes reclassified to possible IE were treated as IE.
CONCLUSIONS
The Duke-ISCVID criteria reclassified a small proportion of episodes to definite IE at the expense of more episodes of possible IE. Future criteria should minimize the possible IE group while keeping or improving sensitivity.
Topics: Humans; Retrospective Studies; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Endocarditis; Bacteremia; Communicable Diseases
PubMed: 38330240
DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciae040 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2024The microgravity environment astronauts experience during spaceflight can lead to an increased risk of oral diseases and possible changes in oral microecology. In this...
INTRODUCTION
The microgravity environment astronauts experience during spaceflight can lead to an increased risk of oral diseases and possible changes in oral microecology. In this study, we aimed to assess changes in the microbial community of supragingival plaques to explore the effects of spaceflight microgravity environment on oral microecology.
METHODS
Sixteen healthy male volunteers were recruited, and supragingival plaque samples were collected under -6° head-down bed rest (HDBR) at five-time points: day 1 before HDBR; days 5, 10, and 15 of HDBR; and day 6 of recovery. Bacterial genomic DNA was sequenced using gene sequencing technology with 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid V3-V4 hypervariable region amplification and the obtained data were analyzed bioinformatically.
RESULTS
Alpha diversity analysis showed a significant increase in species richness in supragingival plaque samples on day 15 of HDBR compared with that at pre-HDBR. Beta diversity analysis revealed that the community composition differed among the groups. Species distribution showed that, compared with those at pre-HDBR, the relative abundances of and increased significantly during HDBR, while those of , , and decreased significantly. Moreover, compared with those at pre-HDBR, the relative abundance of increased significantly on day 6 of recovery, whereas the relative abundances of and decreased significantly. Network analysis showed that the interaction relationship between the dominant genera became simpler during HDBR, and the positive and negative correlations between them showed dynamic changes. Phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstruction of unobserved states analysis showed that the amino acid metabolism function of plaque microorganisms was more enriched during HDBR.
DISCUSSION
In summary, in a 15-day simulated microgravity environment, the diversity, species distribution, interaction relationship, and metabolic function of the supragingival plaque microbial community changed, which suggests that microgravity may affect the oral microecosystem by changing the balance of supragingival plaque microbial communities and further leading to the occurrence and development of oral diseases.
PubMed: 38328428
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1331023 -
The Journal of Contemporary Dental... Dec 2023This split-mouth randomized trial (RCT) aimed to assess the effect of diode laser on the clinical parameters in patients with periodontitis, compare the results with... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
AIM
This split-mouth randomized trial (RCT) aimed to assess the effect of diode laser on the clinical parameters in patients with periodontitis, compare the results with scaling and root planing (SRP) alone, and assess the implications of diode laser (DL) on plaque bacteria.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Seventeen periodontitis patients were randomly assigned into two equal groups based on the therapy delivered. Group I (control site) received just SRP at baseline, while group II (test site) received both SRP and DL irradiation. For both groups, the clinical periodontal parameters probing pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment level (CAL) were measured at baseline, 30 days, and 90 days. Microbiological amount was also measured at baseline, 30, and 90 days after periodontal treatment. The amounts of (), (), and () were determined using real-time PCR probing with specific bacterial primers.
RESULTS
In both groups, PPD and CAL showed statistically significant reductions at different time intervals ( < 0.05). No significant difference were observed in CAL values after 1 and 3 months in both test and control groups ( > 0.05). The mean values of the concentration of and were lower in the case group as compared to the control group and the difference was statistically significant after 1 month (* = 0.001).
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
According to this study, non-invasive laser treatment has the potential to improve clinical outcomes by lowering the quantity of and .
CONCLUSION
In both groups, a considerable decrease in the periodontal pathogens and were discovered; however, the intergroup comparison was insignificant in relation to PD and CAL. The adjunctive treatment with diode laser showed better efficacy in ensuring a better periodontal treatment than SRP alone. How to cite this article: Abdullah LA, Hashim N, Rehman MM, . Effectiveness of Diode (810 nm) Laser in Periodontal Parameters and Reduction of Subgingival Bacterial Load in Periodontitis Patients. J Contemp Dent Pract 2023;24(12):1008-1015.
Topics: Humans; Bacterial Load; Periodontitis; Dental Scaling; Root Planing; Periodontal Pocket; Lasers, Semiconductor; Chronic Periodontitis; Periodontal Attachment Loss; Follow-Up Studies
PubMed: 38317400
DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3603 -
Journal of Dental Sciences Jan 2024As a commonly-found pathogen in periodontal disease, has been reported with several antibiotic resistance. Thus, to develop an alternative and protective therapy for...
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE
As a commonly-found pathogen in periodontal disease, has been reported with several antibiotic resistance. Thus, to develop an alternative and protective therapy for infections is urgently needed in dentistry. In this study, we sought to synthesize a silica-based material to deliver silver nanoparticles for antibacterial purposes. Also, the bioactivities were examined via analyzing the formation of hydroxyapatite.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The 80S/Ag powders were prepared by the evaporation-induced self-assembly method, with Si, Ca, P, and Ag composition ratios of 80, 15, 5, and 1/5/10 (mole percentage), respectively. The nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms, transmission electron microscope, selected area electron diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were conducted for textural analyses. The disk diffusion test was carried out against strain ATCC 29523. bioactivity assessment involved soaking 80S/Ag membrane powders in acellular simulated body fluid.
RESULTS
We successfully developed a material consisting of Si, Ca, P, and Ag, namely the 80S/Ag. In the antibacterial testing, the 80S/Ag demonstrated antibacterial activity against the commonly-found oral pathogen, , with a long-lasting effect for 168h. The formation of hydroxyapatite in simulated body fluid highlighted the characteristic of dentine remineralization for the 80S/Ag. The increased pH values after immersion in simulated body fluid would help neutralize the acidic oral environment.
CONCLUSION
Our results indicate that 80S/Ag possesses remarkable antibacterial properties, hydroxyapatite formation, and increased pH values after immersion in simulated body fluid, supporting the potential therapeutic application of 80S/Ag for treating periodontal disease.
PubMed: 38303851
DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2023.10.014 -
BMC Oral Health Jan 2024The oral microbiota composition of patients diagnosed with Papillon-Lefèvre-syndrome and treated for several years were compared to those existing in the oral cavity of...
AIMS
The oral microbiota composition of patients diagnosed with Papillon-Lefèvre-syndrome and treated for several years were compared to those existing in the oral cavity of the clinically healthy family members and a cohort of patients having various stages of chronic periodontitis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A family with two sisters affected with severe periodontitis and with the typical skin symptoms of Papillon-Lefèvre-syndrome, and symptomless parents and third sibling were investigated. The Patients received periodontal treatment for several years and their oral microbiome was analysed by amplicon sequencing. Data were evaluated by microbial cluster analysis.
RESULTS
The microbiome of the patients with Papillon-Lefèvre-syndrome was predominated with Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and associated oral periodontopathogens. Although the clinically healthy family members showed no oral disorder, their microbiome resembled that of subjects having mild periodontitis.
CONCLUSIONS
Predominance of A. actinomycetemcomitans in the subgingival microbiome of patients with Papillon-Lefèvre-syndrome suggests that specific treatment strategies directed against this pathobiont may improve the oral health status of the affected individuals.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and the ethical permission has been issued by the Human Investigation Review Board of the University of Szeged, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Centre (Permission No. 63/2017-SZTE). September 19, 2017. https://u-szeged.hu/klinikaikutatas/rkeb-altal-jovahagyott/rkeb-2017 .
Topics: Humans; Papillon-Lefevre Disease; Periodontitis; Health Status
PubMed: 38297252
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-03856-z -
The American Journal of Tropical... Mar 2024Actinomycosis is an uncommon infection caused by Actinomyces species, and the diagnosis is often challenging owing to low prevalence and diverse clinical manifestations....
Actinomycosis is an uncommon infection caused by Actinomyces species, and the diagnosis is often challenging owing to low prevalence and diverse clinical manifestations. Pericardial involvement of actinomycosis is particularly rare. Here, we present a case of a 79-year-old man who initially complained of exertional dyspnea, orthopnea, and decreased urine amount. There was no fever, chest pain, or productive cough. Physical examination was remarkable for decreased breath sounds at the left lower lung field. Poor dental hygiene and a firm, well-defined mass without discharge over the hard palate were noted. Echocardiography revealed reduced ejection fraction of the left ventricle, global hypokinesia, and thickened pericardium (> 5 mm) with a small amount of pericardial effusion. On admission, the patient underwent diagnostic thoracentesis, and the results suggested an exudate. However, bacterial and fungal cultures were all negative. There was no malignant cell by cytology. Computed tomography revealed contrast-enhanced pericardial nodular masses. Video-assisted thoracoscopic pericardial biopsy was performed. Histopathology confirmed actinomycosis with chronic abscess formation, and a tissue culture yielded Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. The symptoms resolved with administration of clindamycin for 6 months. This case highlights the challenge in the diagnosis of cardiac actinomycosis, the potential role of concomitant microorganisms as diagnostic clues, and the favorable clinical response achieved with appropriate antibiotic treatment.
Topics: Male; Humans; Aged; Oral Hygiene; Actinomycosis; Actinomyces; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Pericardium
PubMed: 38295417
DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.23-0618 -
Frontiers in Oral Health 2023Periodontitis (PE) and coronary heart disease (CHD) possess multiple mechanisms for a putative association. This case-control study compared the periodontal status among...
BACKGROUND
Periodontitis (PE) and coronary heart disease (CHD) possess multiple mechanisms for a putative association. This case-control study compared the periodontal status among CHD subjects to controls without CHD, while also investigating atheroma invasion by known periodontal pathogens.
METHODS
161 subjects participated in this study were divided into three CHD groups: No CHD, chronic CHD, acute CHD. Additional analysis involved grouping subjects according to number of atheromas: no atheroma, 1-4 atheromas, 5-18 atheromas. Data were collected from medical records, periodontal examinations, and questionnaires that included demographic, behavioral, and oral health variables. Angiographic catheterizations were analyzed according to the number of atheroma lesions, lesion size, lesion location, and atheroma lesion stability. Lipoprotein profile, inflammatory markers and cells were analyzed. The microbiological branch added 30 individuals who had their atheroma lesion and subgingival plaque analyzed using polymerase chain reaction probes against the 16 s region, red complex and ' DNA.
RESULTS
Subjects with CHD had high levels of systemic inflammatory markers and low levels of high-density lipoproteins compared to subjects without CHD. Subjects without CHD and clear coronaries had a prevalence of mild CAL, while individuals with more atheroma lesions had advanced CAL and more active PE. Subjects with more advanced CAL were 4 times more likely to have CHD compared to subjects with less, which is comparable to smoking. Only 4 subjects had the screened pathogens detected in atheroma, although these subjects also have the screened pathogens in subgingival plaque. However, 80% of atheromas had bacteria.
CONCLUSIONS
CHD and PE showed similarities in progression while active PE led to more atheroma lesions that also tended to be larger in size.
PubMed: 38292927
DOI: 10.3389/froh.2023.1324528