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Huan Jing Ke Xue= Huanjing Kexue Jun 2024This study was conducted to clarify the long-term effects of biochar application on the structure and function of the fungal community in continuous cropping watermelon...
This study was conducted to clarify the long-term effects of biochar application on the structure and function of the fungal community in continuous cropping watermelon soil. Taking watermelon root soil as the research object, Illumina NovaSeq high-throughput sequencing and FUNGuild platform were used to analyze the differences in soil fungal community composition, diversity, and function after 3-year biochar additions of 7.5, 15.0, and 30.0 t·hm and to explore the correlation between soil environmental factors and fungal community structure under the control of biochar. The results showed that compared to that in the absence of biochar (control), the soil pH, available phosphorus, available potassium, total nitrogen, organic matter, and cation exchange capacity increased, but available nitrogen decreased with biochar addition. High-throughput sequencing results showed that biochar amendment improved the fungal community structure in continuous cropping watermelon soil and increased the richness and diversity of soil fungi. A total of 922 OTU were obtained from all soil samples, and the species annotation results indicated that the dominant fungal groups were Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Mortierellomycota, Chytridiomycota, and Glomeromycota, with these phyla accounting for 85.70 %-92.45 % of the total sequences.The relative abundance of Ascomycota and Basidiomycota decreased, whereas the abundance of Mortierellomycota and Glomeromycota increased with biochar addition.At the genus level, the application of biochar increased the relative abundance of and but decreased the abundance of . The Mantel test showed that soil available potassium, available nitrogen, organic matter, and pH were the main environmental factors leading to the shift in the soil fungal community composition.The functional prediction with FUNGuild showed that the many nutrient types among the different treatments were saprotrophic, pathotrophic, and symbiotrophic. The relative abundance of pathotrophs significantly decreased, but the abundance of symbiotrophs significantly increased with the medium and high doses of biochar treatment. In conclusion, the application of biochar changed the soil physicochemical properties, promoted the development of soil fungal community structure and functional groups in a healthy and beneficial direction, and improved the quality of continuous cropping watermelon soil.
Topics: Charcoal; Citrullus; Soil Microbiology; Fungi; Soil; Mycobiome; Fertilizers
PubMed: 38897775
DOI: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202306208 -
Huan Jing Ke Xue= Huanjing Kexue Jun 2024In order to explore the effect of pomace biochar on the yield and quality of Chinese cabbage and soil properties and realize the resource utilization of pomace, a pot...
In order to explore the effect of pomace biochar on the yield and quality of Chinese cabbage and soil properties and realize the resource utilization of pomace, a pot experiment was conducted to study the effect of pomace biochar on the yield and quality of Chinese cabbage and soil properties by setting five biochar application rates of 0 % (CK), 1 % (T1), 3 % (T2), 5 % (T3), and 7 % (T4). The results showed that:① The application of pomace biochar could significantly improve the yield and quality of Chinese cabbage, and the effect was the best at a 5 % biochar application rate. The yield, soluble solids, soluble sugar, vitamin C, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total potassium content of Chinese cabbage increased by 71.51 %, 40.14 %, 33.65 %, 38.08 %, 9.03 %, 28.85 %, and 35.38 %, respectively, compared with those in CK. ② The application of biochar from pomace could significantly improve soil properties and increase soil nutrient content and availability. The effect was better at a 5 % biochar application rate. The soil pH, organic matter, total nitrogen, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium content increased by 41.06 %, 134.84 %, 157.48 %, 140.79 %, 341.75 %, and 627.13 %, respectively, compared with those in CK. The contents of available Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn and exchangeable Ca and Mg increased by 37.68 %, 61.69 %, 400.00 %, 4 648.84 %, 617.17 %, and 351.42 %, respectively, compared with those in CK. ③ The application of biochar from pomace could significantly enhance soil enzyme activity. Compared with those in the CK treatment, soil urease, acid phosphatase, catalase, and sucrase increased by 51.43 %-362.86 %, 90.63 %-134.14 %, 21.40 %-85.12 %, and 82.92 %-218.43 %, respectively. ④ Redundancy analysis showed that soil AK; exchangeable Ca, SOM, and AP; and available Zn were the main factors affecting the yield and quality of Chinese cabbage, and there was a significant positive correlation between them. In summary, the application of pomace biochar can significantly increase the yield and quality of Chinese cabbage and improve soil properties. The preparation of pomace into biochar can provide a theoretical reference for the rational utilization of pomace resources.
Topics: Brassica; Charcoal; Rosa; Soil; Fertilizers; Nitrogen; Biomass; Quality Control; Phosphorus
PubMed: 38897774
DOI: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202306237 -
Huan Jing Ke Xue= Huanjing Kexue Jun 2024The form of soil nitrogen input significantly affects soil CO emission. As a new form of nitrogen input, biochar-loaded ammonia nitrogen not only reduces the input of...
The form of soil nitrogen input significantly affects soil CO emission. As a new form of nitrogen input, biochar-loaded ammonia nitrogen not only reduces the input of chemical nitrogen fertilizer in farmland but also reduces the cost of environmental treatment. It is of great significance to promote the zero growth of national chemical fertilizer, the prevention and control of farmland non-point source pollution, and the realization of the national goal of "carbon peak" and "carbon neutralization." Through an indoor culture experiment, the effects of different nitrogen input forms on soil carbon emission, enzyme activity, and microbial community were studied through four treatments:no fertilization (CK), single application of chemical nitrogen fertilizer (CF), biochar combined application of chemical nitrogen fertilizer (BF), and biochar-loaded ammonia nitrogen (BN). The results showed that compared with that in CF, BF significantly increased cumulative carbon emissions (66.24 %), whereas BN had no significant difference. It is worth noting that the cumulative carbon emissions were significantly reduced by 35.28 % compared with that in BF and BN. Compared with those in CF and BF, the activities of -glucosidase, peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase treated with BN significantly increased by 20.25 % and 5.20 %, respectively. Compared with that in CF, the BF treatment increased microbial community richness and community diversity, whereas the BN treatment decreased microbial community richness. Compared with that in BF, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria decreased by 11.16 %, and the relative abundance of Actinobacteria and Bacteroidota increased by 8.12 % and 5.83 %, respectively, in which xylosidase activity was the most important soil factor affecting microbial community structure. The relative abundance of Chloroflexi was significantly correlated with cellobiose hydrolase activity, and the relative abundance of Gemmatimonadetes was significantly correlated with -glucosidase activity. There was a very significant correlation between the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and cumulative carbon emissions. To summarize, compared with those under biochar combined with chemical nitrogen fertilizer, biochar loaded with ammonia nitrogen significantly reduced cumulative carbon emissions, and its emission reduction effect was better. The results of this study will be beneficial to the landing of the national "double carbon strategy," the healthy development of the biological natural gas industry, the construction of the national green cultivation circular agriculture system, and the realization of the national zero growth strategy of chemical fertilizer.
Topics: Charcoal; Soil Microbiology; Fertilizers; Carbon; Soil; Nitrogen; Ammonia; Microbiota; Bacteria; Carbon Dioxide
PubMed: 38897773
DOI: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202306240 -
Huan Jing Ke Xue= Huanjing Kexue Jun 2024In this study, the effects of four types of amendments on effective Cd and Cd content in different parts of prickly ash soil and soil enzyme activity were studied, which...
In this study, the effects of four types of amendments on effective Cd and Cd content in different parts of prickly ash soil and soil enzyme activity were studied, which provided scientific basis for acidification improvement of purple soil and heavy metal pollution control. A field experiment was conducted. Six treatments were set up:no fertilizer (CK), only chemical fertilizer (F), lime + chemical fertilizer (SF), organic fertilizer + chemical fertilizer (OM), biochar + chemical fertilizer (BF), and vinasse biomass ash + chemical fertilizer (JZ). Soil pH; available Cd (DTPA-Cd); Cd content in branches, leaves, shells, and seeds of Zanthoxylum; as well as the activities of catalase (S-CAT), acid phosphatase (S-ACP), and urease (S-UE) in different treatments were studied, and their relationships were clarified. The results showed following:① The two treatments of vinasse biomass ash + chemical fertilizer and lime + chemical fertilizer significantly increased soil pH ( < 0.05) to 3.39 and 2.25 units higher than that in the control, respectively. Compared with that in the control treatment, the content of available Cd in soil under vinasse biomass ash + chemical fertilizer and lime + chemical fertilizer treatment decreased by 28.91 % and 20.90 %, respectively. ② The contents of Cd in leaves, shells, and seeds of Zanthoxylum were decreased by 31.33 %, 30.24 %, and 34.01 %, respectively. The Cd enrichment ability of different parts of Zanthoxylum was different, with the specific performances being leaves > branches > seeds > shells. Compared with that of the control, the enrichment coefficient of each part of Zanthoxylum treated with vinasse biomass ash + chemical fertilizer decreased significantly( < 0.05)by 27.54 %-40.0 %. ③ The changes in catalase and urease activities in soil treated with amendments were similar. Compared with those in the control group, the above two enzyme activities were significantly increased by 191.26 % and 199.50 %, respectively, whereas the acid phosphatase activities were decreased by 16.45 %. Correlation analysis showed that soil available Cd content was significantly negatively correlated with soil pH value( < 0.01), S-CAT and S-UE enzyme activities were significantly positively correlated with soil pH( < 0.01), and the soil available Cd content was significantly negatively correlated ( < 0.01); the S-ACP enzyme showed the complete opposite trends. The application of lime and vinasse biomass ash to acidic purple soil had the most significant effect on neutralizing soil acidity. It was an effective measure to improve acidic purple soil and prevent heavy metal pollution by reducing the effective Cd content in soil and improving the soil environment while inhibiting the absorption and transfer of Cd in various parts of Zanthoxylum.
Topics: Fertilizers; Soil Pollutants; Cadmium; Soil; Urease; Zanthoxylum; Acid Phosphatase; Catalase; Biological Availability; Oxides; Calcium Compounds; Charcoal
PubMed: 38897772
DOI: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202307199 -
Air Medical Journal 2024Intoxicated patients are often encountered by emergency medical services (eg, in cases of recreational drug use, accidental ingestion, or inhalation of toxic substances...
OBJECTIVE
Intoxicated patients are often encountered by emergency medical services (eg, in cases of recreational drug use, accidental ingestion, or inhalation of toxic substances or [attempted] suicide). Earlier research showed that a physician-staffed helicopter emergency medical service (P-HEMS) is regularly dispatched for intoxicated patients. However, it is still unclear if there is added value of P-HEMS compared with standard care provided by an ambulance crew. The aim of this study was to analyze the contribution of additional expertise and equipment that P-HEMS brings to the prehospital scene.
METHODS
In this retrospective study, we searched the database of the helicopter emergency medical service Lifeliner 1 serving the northwestern quadrant of the Netherlands for cases that involved intoxications from January 2013 to July 2020. Patients were included in this study if the primary reason for P-HEMS dispatch was intoxication. The types of intoxication were categorized as (illicit/recreational) drug related, suicide attempt, or accidental. The agents were categorized as stimulants, depressants, hallucinogenic, cannabinoids, and other substances such as bleach or insulin. Patient characteristics, vital signs, and the therapeutic interventions performed were recorded for analysis.
RESULTS
In our study period, P-HEMS was dispatched 23,878 times. Of these dispatches, a total of 259 cases were included for further analysis. The majority of patients were male (64.5%). Sixty-six patients (25.5%) had an intoxication of depressant agents alone, whereas 60 patients (23.2%) had an intoxication with a combination of agents. With 159 (61.4%) patients, the majority of cases involved recreational drug intoxications. Unintentional intoxications were treated in 27 (10.4%) patients, whereas 73 (28.2%) cases involved suicide attempts. In 159 patients (61.4%), prehospital endotracheal intubation was required; the vast majority was performed by the helicopter emergency medical service physician. Specific antidotes were administered in 56 (21.6%) of the cases.
CONCLUSION
In this study, we found that P-HEMS crews might complement usual prehospital care by ambulance crews for patients with severe intoxications by bringing advanced skills (eg, airway management and specific antidotes) to the scene.
Topics: Humans; Retrospective Studies; Air Ambulances; Netherlands; Male; Female; Adult; Emergency Medical Services; Middle Aged; Young Adult; Suicide, Attempted; Physicians; Adolescent; Aged
PubMed: 38897693
DOI: 10.1016/j.amj.2024.01.010 -
European Journal of Pharmacology Jun 2024A substantial proportion of diabetic patients suffer a debilitating and persistent pain state, known as peripheral painful neuropathy that necessitates improved therapy...
A substantial proportion of diabetic patients suffer a debilitating and persistent pain state, known as peripheral painful neuropathy that necessitates improved therapy or antidote. Purpurin, a natural anthraquinone compound from Rubia tinctorum L., has been reported to possess antidepressant activity in preclinical studies. As antidepressants have been typically used as standard agents against persistent neuropathic pain, this study aimed to probe the effect of purpurin on neuropathic pain associated with streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes in male C57BL6J mice. The Hargreaves test and the von Frey test were used to assess the pain-like behaviors, shown as heat hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia respectively. Chronic treatment of diabetic mice with purpurin not only ameliorated the established symptoms of heat hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia, but also arrested the development of these pain states given preemptively at low doses. Although purpurin treatment hardly impacted on metabolic disturbance in diabetic mice, it ameliorated exacerbated oxidative stress in pain-associated tissues, improved mitochondrial bioenergetics in dorsal root ganglion neurons and restored nerve conduction velocity in sciatic nerves. Notably, the analgesic actions of purpurin were modified by pharmacologically manipulating redox status and mitochondrial bioenergetics. These findings unveil the analgesic activity of purpurin, an effect that is causally associated with its bioenergetics-enhancing and antioxidant effects, in mice with type 1 diabetes.
PubMed: 38897444
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176749 -
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Jun 2024Activated hazelnut shell (HSAC), an organic waste, was utilized for the adsorptive removal of Congo red (CR) dye from aqueous solutions, and a modelling study was...
Activated hazelnut shell (HSAC), an organic waste, was utilized for the adsorptive removal of Congo red (CR) dye from aqueous solutions, and a modelling study was conducted using artificial neural networks (ANNs). The structure and characteristic functional groups of the material were examined by the FTIR method. The BET surface area of the synthesized material, named HSAC, was 812 m/g. Conducted in a batch system, the adsorption experiments resulted in a notable removal efficiency of 87% under optimal conditions. The kinetic data for hazelnut shell activated carbon (HSAC) removal of CR were most accurately represented by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model (R = 0.998). Furthermore, the equilibrium data demonstrated a strong agreement with the Freundlich model. The maximum adsorption capacity of HSAC for CR was determined to be 34.8 mg/g. The optimum adsorption parameters were determined to be pH 6, contact time of 60 min, 10 g/L of HSAC, and a concentration of 400 mg/L for CR. Considering the various experimental parameters influencing CR adsorption, an artificial neural network (ANN) model was constructed. The analysis of the ANN model revealed a correlation of 98%, indicating that the output parameter could be reliably predicted. Thus, it was concluded that ANN could be employed for the removal of CR from water using HSAC.
Topics: Neural Networks, Computer; Adsorption; Corylus; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Congo Red; Kinetics; Charcoal; Models, Chemical; Waste Disposal, Fluid; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
PubMed: 38896197
DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12797-7 -
International Journal of Molecular... May 2024Tumor recurrence and drug resistance are responsible for poor prognosis in colorectal cancer (CRC). DNA mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency or elevated interleukin-8 (IL-8)...
Tumor recurrence and drug resistance are responsible for poor prognosis in colorectal cancer (CRC). DNA mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency or elevated interleukin-8 (IL-8) levels are characteristics of CRCs, which have been independently correlated with treatment resistance to common therapies. We recently demonstrated significantly impaired therapeutical response and increased IL-8 release of CRC cell lines with reduced expression of MMR protein MLH1 as well as cytoskeletal non-erythrocytic spectrin alpha II (SPTAN1). In the present study, decreased intratumoral MLH1 and SPTAN1 expression in CRCs could be significantly correlated with enhanced serum IL-8. Furthermore, using stably reduced SPTAN1-expressing SW480, SW620 or HT-29 cell lines, the RASmediated RAFMEKERK pathway was analyzed. Here, a close connection between low SPTAN1 expression, increased IL-8 secretion, enhanced extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation and a mesenchymal phenotype were detected. The inhibition of ERK by U0126 led to a significant reduction in IL-8 secretion, and the combination therapy of U0126 with FOLFOX optimizes the response of corresponding cancer cell lines. Therefore, we hypothesize that the combination therapy of FOLFOX and U0126 may have great potential to improve drug efficacy on this subgroup of CRCs, showing decreased MLH1 and SPTAN1 accompanied with high serum IL-8 in affected patients.
Topics: Humans; Colorectal Neoplasms; Interleukin-8; Fluorouracil; Butadienes; Nitriles; Cell Line, Tumor; Organoplatinum Compounds; Leucovorin; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Female; Male; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; HT29 Cells; MAP Kinase Signaling System; MutL Protein Homolog 1; Middle Aged; Aged; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Phosphorylation
PubMed: 38891846
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115658 -
International Journal of Molecular... May 2024FOLFOXIRI chemotherapy is a first-line therapy for advanced or metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC), yet its therapeutic efficacy remains limited. Immunostimulatory...
FOLFOXIRI chemotherapy is a first-line therapy for advanced or metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC), yet its therapeutic efficacy remains limited. Immunostimulatory therapies like oncolytic viruses can complement chemotherapies by fostering the infiltration of the tumor by immune cells and enhancing drug cytotoxicity. In this study, we explored the effect of combining the FOLFOXIRI chemotherapeutic agents with the oncolytic coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) PD-H in the CRC cell line Colo320. Additionally, we examined the impact of the drugs on the expression of microRNAs (miRs), which could be used to increase the safety of oncolytic CVB3 containing corresponding miR target sites (miR-TS). The measurement of cytotoxic activity using the Chou-Talalay combination index approach revealed that PD-H synergistically enhanced the cytotoxic activity of oxaliplatin (OX), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and SN-38. PD-H replication was not affected by OX and SN-38 but inhibited by high concentrations of 5-FU. MiR expression levels were not or only slightly elevated by the drugs or with drug/PD-H combinations on Colo320 cells. Moreover, the drug treatment did not increase the mutation rate of the miR-TS inserted into the PD-H genome. The results demonstrate that the combination of FOLFOXIRI drugs and PD-H may be a promising approach to enhance the therapeutic effect of FOLFOXIRI therapy in CRC.
Topics: Humans; Colorectal Neoplasms; Cell Line, Tumor; Fluorouracil; Oncolytic Virotherapy; MicroRNAs; Oncolytic Viruses; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Leucovorin; Organoplatinum Compounds; Oxaliplatin; Enterovirus B, Human; Combined Modality Therapy; Irinotecan
PubMed: 38891807
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115618 -
Proceedings. Biological Sciences Jun 2024Gene drive alleles that can bias their own inheritance could engineer populations for control of disease vectors, invasive species and agricultural pests. There are...
Gene drive alleles that can bias their own inheritance could engineer populations for control of disease vectors, invasive species and agricultural pests. There are successful examples of suppression drives and confined modification drives, but developing confined suppression drives has proven more difficult. However, CRISPR-based toxin-antidote dominant embryo (TADE) suppression drive may fill this niche. It works by targeting and disrupting a haplolethal target gene in the germline with its gRNAs while rescuing this target. It also disrupts a female fertility gene by driving insertion or additional gRNAs. Here, we used a reaction-diffusion model to assess drive performance in continuous space, where outcomes can be substantially different from those in panmictic populations. We measured drive wave speed and found that moderate fitness costs or target gene disruption in the early embryo from maternally deposited nuclease can eliminate the drive's ability to form a wave of advance. We assessed the required release size, and finally we investigated migration corridor scenarios. It is often possible for the drive to suppress one population and then persist in the corridor without invading the second population, a potentially desirable outcome. Thus, even imperfect variants of TADE suppression drive may be excellent candidates for confined population suppression.
Topics: Gene Drive Technology; Animals; CRISPR-Cas Systems; Models, Genetic; Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats
PubMed: 38889790
DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2024.0500