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Radiologic Clinics of North America Jul 2024Fibrocystic changes are commonly seen in clinically symptomatic patients and during imaging workup of screening-detected findings. The term "fibrocystic changes"... (Review)
Review
Fibrocystic changes are commonly seen in clinically symptomatic patients and during imaging workup of screening-detected findings. The term "fibrocystic changes" encompasses a broad spectrum of specific benign pathologic entities. Recognition of classically benign findings of fibrocystic changes, including cysts and layering calcifications, can prevent unnecessary follow-ups and biopsies. Imaging findings such as solid masses, nonlayering calcifications, and architectural distortion may require core needle biopsy for diagnosis. In these cases, understanding the varied appearances of fibrocystic change aids determination of radiologic-pathologic concordance. Management of fibrocystic change is typically conservative.
Topics: Humans; Female; Diagnosis, Differential; Breast; Fibrocystic Breast Disease; Mammography
PubMed: 38777535
DOI: 10.1016/j.rcl.2023.12.008 -
Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health 2024Retroareolar cysts (RCs) are a benign self-resolving condition primarily affecting pubertal individuals. However, their presentation as asymptomatic bluish areolar lumps... (Review)
Review
Retroareolar cysts (RCs) are a benign self-resolving condition primarily affecting pubertal individuals. However, their presentation as asymptomatic bluish areolar lumps remains underreported in the literature, with only six cases previously documented. This lack of awareness may lead to the oversight of RCs during diagnosis. To address this, we conducted a comprehensive literature review using PUBMED, and we further added three more cases. The mean time for clinical resolution was found to be 2.3 years. In light of these findings, we proposed a diagnostic and management algorithm to guide clinicians in their approach to RCs in pediatric patients. The algorithm involves thorough clinical examination, medical history assessment, and echographic investigation with color Doppler analysis. Regular follow-up visits are recommended until resolution of the lesions. Notably, due to the consistently favorable outcome of RCs, aggressive diagnostic interventions can be avoided, providing reassurance to patients and their families. It is crucial for paediatricians to stay updated on this underreported condition to ensure timely recognition and appropriate management. Dermatologists should be the first specialists to be consulted in cases of suspected RCs. Increasing awareness among healthcare professionals will contribute to improved diagnosis and management of this benign condition. In conclusion, RCs are a benign self-resolving condition commonly observed during puberty. Their presentation as asymptomatic bluish areolar lumps may often be overlooked. Through this study, we highlighted the importance of early recognition, proposed a diagnostic and management algorithm, and emphasized the favorable prognosis of RCs, which allows for a conservative approach to their management.
Topics: Humans; Female; Adolescent; Puberty; Breast Cyst; Child; Algorithms; Diagnosis, Differential
PubMed: 38712575
DOI: 10.1111/jpc.16561 -
Journal of Cutaneous Pathology May 2024Mammary-type tissue in the vulva was first described in 1872 but has been rarely reported in the literature. This tissue was previously considered as ectopic breast...
Mammary-type tissue in the vulva was first described in 1872 but has been rarely reported in the literature. This tissue was previously considered as ectopic breast tissue that occurs as a result of incomplete regression of the milk line. Similar to native breast tissue, ectopic mammary tissue is hormone-sensitive and can develop benign changes, such as fibroadenoma, as well as malignant changes. A more recent theory suggests that these benign and malignant mammary-type entities arise from mammary-like anogenital glands, which constitute normal vulvar components. We report a case of a 41-year-old woman who presented with a chronic asymptomatic cyst on the left vulva that eventually became uncomfortable, especially on standing. The cyst was located on the labium minus, measuring 1.0 × 0.5 cm, with no identified erythema or other skin abnormalities. Excision of the lesion and subsequent microscopic examination showed a circumscribed mass with a nodular overgrowth of epithelial and stromal components, resembling a mammary fibroadenoma with pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia. We bring to attention this rare diagnosis and the importance of considering it in the presence of a vulvar lesion. The malignant and recurrence potential of mammary-type tissue necessitates excision with clear margins and close monitoring of these patients.
PubMed: 38695362
DOI: 10.1111/cup.14613 -
Frontiers in Oncology 2024The simultaneous occurrence of Branchial Cleft Cyst (BCC) and Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma (PTC) represents an unusual malignant tumor, with cases featuring associated...
BACKGROUND
The simultaneous occurrence of Branchial Cleft Cyst (BCC) and Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma (PTC) represents an unusual malignant tumor, with cases featuring associated lymph node metastasis being particularly rare. This combination underscores an increased potential for metastasis, and the assessment of neck masses, particularly on the lateral aspect, may inadvertently overlook the scrutiny of the thyroid. Therefore, healthcare providers should exercise vigilance, especially in patients over the age of 40, regarding the potential for neck masses to signify metastasis from thyroid malignancies. Currently, surgical intervention stands as the primary effective curative method, while the postoperative administration of radioactive iodine therapy remains a topic of ongoing debate.
CASE REPORT
In the presented case, a 48-year-old male patient with a right neck mass underwent surgical intervention. The procedure included the excision of the right neck mass, unilateral thyroidectomy with isthmus resection, and functional neck lymph node dissection under tracheal intubation and general anesthesia. Postoperative pathology findings revealed the coexistence of a BCC with metastatic PTC in the right neck mass, as well as papillary carcinoma in the right thyroid lobe. Lymph node metastasis was observed in the central and levels III of the right neck.
CONCLUSION
The rare amalgamation of a BCC with PTC and concurrent lymph node metastasis underscores the invasive nature of this malignancy. Healthcare professionals should be well-acquainted with its clinical presentation, pathological characteristics, and diagnostic criteria. A multidisciplinary approach is strongly recommended to enhance patient outcomes.
PubMed: 38665942
DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1378405 -
Parasitology Research Apr 2024Sarcocystis spp. are apicomplexan cyst-forming parasites that can infect numerous vertebrates, including birds. Sarcosporidiosis infection was investigated in three...
Sarcocystis spp. are apicomplexan cyst-forming parasites that can infect numerous vertebrates, including birds. Sarcosporidiosis infection was investigated in three muscles (breast, right and left thigh muscle) and one organ (heart) of four Razorbill auks (Alca torda) stranded between November and December 2022 on the shores of the Mediterranean Sea in Nabeul and Bizerte governorates, Northern Tunisia. Two of the four tested A. torda were PCR positive for 18S rRNA Sarcocystis spp. gene. Among the examined 16 muscles/organs, only one breast and one right thigh were Sarcocystis spp. PCR-positive (12.5% ± 8.3, 2/16). Our results showed a relatively high molecular prevalence of Sarcocystis spp. in Razorbill auks (A. torda). Sarcocystis spp. sequence described in the present study (GenBank number: OR516818) showed 99.56-100% identity to Sarcocystis falcatula. In conclusion, our results confirmed the infection of Razorbill auks (A. torda) by S. falcatula. Further research is needed on different migratory seabirds' species in order to identify other Sarcocystis species.
Topics: Sarcocystis; Animals; Sarcocystosis; Tunisia; Mediterranean Sea; RNA, Ribosomal, 18S; Bird Diseases; DNA, Protozoan; Phylogeny; Charadriiformes; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Prevalence; Sequence Analysis, DNA; DNA, Ribosomal
PubMed: 38656629
DOI: 10.1007/s00436-024-08214-0 -
World Journal of Clinical Cases Mar 2024Patients rarely develop complicated infections in thyroid cysts. Here, we describe a patient with chronic infected unilateral giant thyroid cyst related to diabetes...
BACKGROUND
Patients rarely develop complicated infections in thyroid cysts. Here, we describe a patient with chronic infected unilateral giant thyroid cyst related to diabetes mellitus (DM).
CASE SUMMARY
A 66-year-old male was admitted due to an evident neck lump for 5 d after approximately 40 years of gradually progressive neck mass and 7 years of DM. Doppler ultrasound and computed tomography scan showed a giant lump in the left thyroid gland lobe. He was diagnosed with a large thyroid nodule complicated by tracheal dislocation and had surgical indications. Surgical exploration revealed evident inflammatory edema and exudation between the left anterior neck muscles, the nodule and glandular tissue. Fortunately, inflammatory lesions did not affect major neck vessels. Finally, a left partial thyroidectomy was performed. Macroscopic observation showed that the cystic thyroid mass consisted of extensive cystic wall calcification and was rich in massive rough sand-like calculi content and purulent matter. Postoperative pathology confirmed benign thyroid cyst with chronic infection.
CONCLUSION
The progression of this chronic infectious unilateral giant thyroid cyst may have been related to DM, and identifying blood vessels involvement can prevent serious complications during operation.
PubMed: 38576820
DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v12.i8.1497 -
BMC Oral Health Apr 2024Supracrestal gingival tissue dimensions (SGTDs) has been considered to be an essential element of periodontal phenotype (PP) components. This study aimed to explore the...
Assessment of the correlation between supracrestal gingival tissue dimensions and other periodontal phenotypes components via the digital registration method: a cross‑sectional study in a Chinese population.
BACKGROUND
Supracrestal gingival tissue dimensions (SGTDs) has been considered to be an essential element of periodontal phenotype (PP) components. This study aimed to explore the relationship between SGTDs and other PP components by digital superposition method that integrated cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) with intraoral scanning.
METHODS
This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Stomatology Hospital of Fujian Medical University. Participants were recruited based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The data obtained from the digital scanner (TRIOS 3, 3Shape, Denmark) and CBCT images were imported into the TRIOS software (Implant Studio, 3Shape, Denmark) for computing relevant parameters. The significant level was set at 0.05.
RESULTS
A total of 83 participants with 498 maxillary anterior teeth were finally included. The mean values of supracrestal gingival height (SGH) and the distance from the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) to the crest of the alveolar ridge (CEJ-ABC) on the buccal site were significantly higher than palatal SGH (SGH-p) and palatal CEJ-ABC (CEJ-ABC-p). Men exhibited taller CEJ-ABC and SGH-p than women. Additionally, tooth type was significantly associated with the SGH, SGH-p and CEJ-ABC-p. Taller SGH was associated with wider crown, smaller papilla height (PH), flatter gingival margin, thicker bone thickness (BT) and gingival thickness (GT) at CEJ, the alveolar bone crest (ABC), and 2 mm apical to the ABC. Smaller SGH-p displayed thicker BT and GT at CEJ, the ABC, and 2 and 4 mm apical to the ABC. Higher CEJ-ABC showed lower interproximal bone height, smaller PH, flatter gingival margin, thinner GT and BT at CEJ, and 2 mm apical to the ABC. Smaller CEJ-ABC-p displayed thicker BT at CEJ and 2 and 4 mm apical to the ABC. On the buccal, thicker GT was correlated with thicker BT at 2 and 4 mm below the ABC.
CONCLUSION
SGTDs exhibited a correlation with other PP components, especially crown shape, gingival margin and interdental PH. The relationship between SGTDs and gingival and bone phenotypes depended on the apico-coronal level evaluated.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
This study was approved by the Biomedical Research Ethics Committee of Stomatology Hospital of Fujian Medical University (approval no. 2023-24).
Topics: Male; Humans; Female; Cross-Sectional Studies; Maxilla; Gingiva; Tooth Crown; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; China; Breast Cyst
PubMed: 38561756
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04158-0 -
Surgical Case Reports Apr 2024Pancreatic adenosquamous cell carcinoma (PASC) is a relatively rare histological type of pancreatic malignancy, and preoperative diagnosis is difficult because of its...
BACKGROUND
Pancreatic adenosquamous cell carcinoma (PASC) is a relatively rare histological type of pancreatic malignancy, and preoperative diagnosis is difficult because of its rarity. PASC accounts for 1-4% of all pancreatic cancers, and even after curative surgery, its prognosis is poorer than that of ordinary pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Pathologically, it shows glandular and squamous differentiation of cells. Complete resection is the only method to achieve a good long-term prognosis, and an increasing doubling time of PASC is considered to indicate early recurrence after surgery. Here, we report a rare case of PASC with an infected pancreatic cyst that was difficult to treat, along with a review of the literature.
CASE PRESENTATION
A woman in her 80s with a history of breast cancer presented with pericardial pain. Computed tomography revealed a 20-mm hypovascular tumor in the body of the pancreas and a 27-mm pseudocyst. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography showed a severe main pancreatic duct stenosis in the body of the pancreas that made cannulation impossible, and contrast media extravasation was due to pancreatic duct disruption in the pancreatic tail. Endoscopic fine-needle aspiration revealed that the tumor was a PASC. Because the patient had an infected pancreatic cyst, central intravenous nutrition and antibiotics were administered, which stabilized her general condition. She was diagnosed with resectable PASC and underwent distal pancreatectomy with lymphadenectomy. The postoperative course was uneventful. Immunohistochemical analysis of the resected specimen confirmed T2N0M0 stage IB. Systemic adjuvant chemotherapy with S-1 is ongoing.
CONCLUSION
Appropriate preoperative management and preoperative accurate staging (T2N0M0 stage IB) of PASC with curative surgery can ensure predictable outcomes.
PubMed: 38557796
DOI: 10.1186/s40792-024-01868-z -
Journal of Tropical Medicine 2024Antigens in hydatid cyst fluid (HCF) have been discovered to bear a significant resemblance to antigens present in cancer cells. MicroRNA-1 (miR-1) is a well-known...
Antigens in hydatid cyst fluid (HCF) have been discovered to bear a significant resemblance to antigens present in cancer cells. MicroRNA-1 (miR-1) is a well-known member of the tumor inhibitor miRNA family and has been shown to have pro-apoptotic and tumor-inhibitory functions. This study aimed to evaluate the ability of HCF to prevent breast cancer and to explore the underlying mechanisms that affect cancer cells. For this study, MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cells were cultured and divided into two groups: one group received HCF treatment and the other group was untreated and served as the control group. The cytotoxicity and cell viability of various HCF concentrations on breast cancer cells were evaluated using the MTT assay. In addition, the expression level of miR-1 in HCF-treated and untreated breast cancer cells was analyzed using qRT-PCR. The study found that HCF treatment reduced the growth of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cells, indicating that it was cytotoxic to the cells. Specifically, the IC50 concentration of HCF after 24 hours of treatment was 7.32 g/mL for MDA-MB-231 cells and 13.63 g/mL for MCF-7 cells. In addition, qRT-PCR analysis revealed that the expression level of miR-1 was significantly increased in HCF-treated MDA-MB-231 (=0.0203) and MCF-7 (=0.0394) cell lines compared to untreated controls. Although HCF has been shown to inhibit the growth of breast cancer cells and to upregulate miR-1, a key tumor suppressor in cancer cells, the specific mechanisms responsible for this effect remain unclear. Further studies are needed to fully understand the molecular pathways underlying HCF's antitumor activity and its potential as a therapeutic agent in cancer therapy.
PubMed: 38504949
DOI: 10.1155/2024/7474039 -
Radiographics : a Review Publication of... Apr 2024The nipple-areolar complex (NAC), a unique anatomic structure of the breast, encompasses the terminal intramammary ducts and skin appendages. Several benign and... (Review)
Review
The nipple-areolar complex (NAC), a unique anatomic structure of the breast, encompasses the terminal intramammary ducts and skin appendages. Several benign and malignant diseases can arise within the NAC. As several conditions have overlapping symptoms and imaging findings, understanding the distinctive nipple anatomy, as well as the clinical and imaging features of each NAC disease process, is essential. A multimodality imaging approach is optimal in the presence or absence of clinical symptoms. The authors review the ductal anatomy and anomalies, including congenital abnormalities and nipple retraction. They then discuss the causes of nipple discharge and highlight best practices for the imaging workup of pathologic nipple discharge, a common condition that can pose a diagnostic challenge and may be the presenting symptom of breast cancer. The imaging modalities used to evaluate and differentiate benign conditions (eg, dermatologic conditions, epidermal inclusion cyst, mammary ductal ectasia, periductal mastitis, and nonpuerperal abscess), benign tumors (eg, papilloma, nipple adenoma, and syringomatous tumor of the nipple), and malignant conditions (eg, breast cancer and Paget disease of the breast) are reviewed. Breast MRI is the current preferred imaging modality used to evaluate for NAC involvement by breast cancer and select suitable candidates for nipple-sparing mastectomy. Different biopsy techniques (US -guided biopsy and stereotactic biopsy) for sampling NAC masses and calcifications are described. This multimodality imaging approach ensures an accurate diagnosis, enabling optimal clinical management and patient outcomes. RSNA, 2024 Test Your Knowledge questions for this article are available in the supplemental material.
Topics: Female; Humans; Breast Diseases; Breast Neoplasms; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Mastectomy; Nipples; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 38483829
DOI: 10.1148/rg.230113