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American Family Physician Nov 2003The breast mass is a clinical problem commonly encountered by family physicians. Fine-needle and core biopsy techniques require training and cytopathologist support. In... (Review)
Review
The breast mass is a clinical problem commonly encountered by family physicians. Fine-needle and core biopsy techniques require training and cytopathologist support. In contrast, breast cyst aspiration using a 21- or 22-gauge needle is a simple, cost-effective, minimally invasive procedure. The technique is easy to learn and can be practiced on a breast model. Breast cyst aspiration may be attempted in many women who present with a palpable, dominant breast mass. If clear fluid is aspirated and the mass resolves, malignancy is unlikely, and breast cyst is the probable diagnosis. In this situation, reevaluation in four to six weeks is appropriate; if the cyst has not recurred, only routine mammographic surveillance is required. Referral for fine-needle or excisional biopsy is indicated if the aspirate is bloody or extremely tenacious, if no fluid can be aspirated, or if there is residual mass after aspiration. Complications such as local discomfort, bruising, and infection are uncommon.
Topics: Biopsy, Needle; Breast; Exudates and Transudates; Family Practice; Female; Fibrocystic Breast Disease; Humans; Models, Anatomic
PubMed: 14655807
DOI: No ID Found -
Canadian Family Physician Medecin de... Nov 2012
Topics: Anesthetics, Local; Breast Cyst; Cyst Fluid; Female; Humans; Lidocaine; Needles; Suction; Syringes
PubMed: 23152464
DOI: No ID Found -
Academic Radiology Jan 2019The purpose of this work is to determine if the speed of sound value of a breast cyst can aid in the clinical management of breast masses. Breast macrocysts are defined...
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this work is to determine if the speed of sound value of a breast cyst can aid in the clinical management of breast masses. Breast macrocysts are defined as fluid-filled tissue masses >1 cm in diameter and are thought to be aberrations of normal development and involution, often associated with apocrine metaplasia. The benign natural history of breast cysts is well known, and it is important to obtain high specificity in breast imaging to avoid unnecessary biopsies in women who have benign diseases, particularly those with dense breast tissue. Transmission ultrasound is a tomographic imaging modality that generates high-resolution, 3D speed of sound maps that could be used to identify breast tissue types and act as a biomarker to differentiate lesions. We performed this study to investigate the microanatomy of macrocysts observed using transmission ultrasound, as well as assess the relationship of speed of sound to the physical and biochemical parameters of cyst fluids.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Cyst fluid samples were obtained from 37 patients as part of a case-collection study for ultrasound imaging of the breast. The speed of sound of each sample was measured using a quantitative transmission ultrasound scanner in vivo. Electrolytes, protein, cholesterol, viscosity, and specific gravity were also measured (in the aspirated cyst fluid) to assess their relationship to the speed of sound values obtained during breast imaging.
RESULTS
We found positive correlations between viscosity and cholesterol (r = 0.71) and viscosity and total protein × cholesterol (r = 0.78). Additionally, we performed direct cell counts on cyst fluids and confirmed a positive correlation of number of cells with speed of sound (r = 0.74). The speed of sound of breast macrocysts, as observed using transmission ultrasound, correlated with the cytological features of intracystic cell clumps.
CONCLUSION
On the basis of our work with speed as a classifier, we propose a spectrum of breast macrocysts from fluid-filled to highly cellular. Our results suggest high-speed cysts are mature macrocysts with high cell counts and many cellular clumps that correlate with cyst microanatomy as seen by transmission ultrasound. Further studies are needed to confirm our findings and to assess the clinical value of speed of sound measurements in breast imaging using transmission ultrasound.
Topics: Breast Cyst; Cholesterol; Cyst Fluid; Female; Humans; Proteins; Sound; Ultrasonography; Viscosity
PubMed: 29887398
DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2018.03.027 -
Breast Disease 2021Cysts represent the most common cause of a breast mass in women. On the contrary, in men, the presence of a benign apocrine cyst is an exceedingly rare occurrence, with... (Review)
Review
Cysts represent the most common cause of a breast mass in women. On the contrary, in men, the presence of a benign apocrine cyst is an exceedingly rare occurrence, with only a few cases reported in the literature. We describe herein a case of benign apocrine breast cyst without concurrent gynecomastia in a 41-year-old male. Diagnostic evaluation and management are discussed, along with a review of the literature. Given the extreme rarity of benign breast cysts in males, a thorough investigation is essential in male patients presenting with cystic breast lesions. Diagnostic breast imaging may be challenging. Surgical resection of the cyst should be considered in the presence of atypical imaging features to exclude underlying malignancy.
Topics: Adult; Apocrine Glands; Breast; Breast Cyst; Diagnosis, Differential; Fibrocystic Breast Disease; Gynecomastia; Humans; Male; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 33749635
DOI: 10.3233/BD-201064 -
Cureus Jun 2019Simple benign breast cysts are commonly diagnosed in female breasts and may present as palpable masses. However, they are extremely uncommon in the male breast and are...
Simple benign breast cysts are commonly diagnosed in female breasts and may present as palpable masses. However, they are extremely uncommon in the male breast and are rarely reported in the literature. Here, we report a case of a simple benign cyst of the breast in a relatively healthy 37-year-old man. The patient initially presented with a palpable 2-3 mm tender left breast lump. Further evaluation with mammography and ultrasound revealed a mass most consistent with a simple benign cyst. However, considering the rarity of breast cysts in males, the lesion was biopsied to rule out malignancy. Pathology results from ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy demonstrated fibro-adipose tissue with a benign cyst lined by foamy cells with apocrine features, consistent with a diagnosis of a benign epithelial cyst and concordant with the radiological findings. To our knowledge, this is the youngest case of a benign breast cyst in a male that has been reported in the literature. In this case report, we discuss the typical features and presentation of breast cysts in males, associated imaging findings on mammography and ultrasound, and the necessity for pathological confirmation with biopsy in this population.
PubMed: 31404321
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.4814 -
Chirurgia (Bucharest, Romania : 1990) 2017Hydatid cyst is a zoonotic disease seen in endemic areas. It is an important health problem in our country and especially in our Eastern and South-eastern Anatolia...
UNLABELLED
Hydatid cyst is a zoonotic disease seen in endemic areas. It is an important health problem in our country and especially in our Eastern and South-eastern Anatolia Region. Involvement of isolated breast tissue is very rare in hydatid cystdisease. As far as we know, isolated recurrent breast cyst hydatidosis has not been found in the literature.
CASE REPORT
We aimed to present the case of a patient who was diagnosed with recurrent isolated cyst hydatid in the same breast, operated on because of hydatid cyst in the right breast 9 years ago.
CONCLUSION
A hydatid cyst should be considered, particularly in endemic regions, in the differential diagnosis of cystic masses of the breast. If the patient has previously undergone surgery for breast cyst hydatid disease, recurrent cyst hydatid disease should be considered at the differential diagnosis.
Topics: Adult; Albendazole; Animals; Anthelmintics; Breast; Diagnosis, Differential; Echinococcosis; Echinococcus; Female; Humans; Mastectomy; Recurrence; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 28862127
DOI: 10.21614/chirurgia.112.4.482 -
Breast Disease 2018Intracystic breast carcinoma is a rare clinical entity accounting for 0.5-2% of all breast cancers. It represents a distinctive clinical form rather a histological... (Review)
Review
Intracystic breast carcinoma. An important differential diagnosis in postmenopausal patients presenting with a rapidly growing breast cyst. Management and literature review.
Intracystic breast carcinoma is a rare clinical entity accounting for 0.5-2% of all breast cancers. It represents a distinctive clinical form rather a histological subtype of breast cancer and can either be in situ or invasive tumor. We herein describe a rare case of intracystic breast carcinoma arising from the wall of a cyst in a postmenopausal patient, who presented with a rapidly growing complex breast cyst. Diagnostic evaluation and management of the patient are discussed along with a review of the literature. Complex breast cysts may represent a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. An underlying malignancy has been reported in 21-31% of the cases. Preoperative diagnosis is challenging. Complex breast cysts with thick wall, thick inner septations, and intracystic solid components should undergo histological evaluation in order to rule out an underlying malignancy. The cytological analysis may be inconclusive. Ultrasound-guided biopsy is the diagnostic modality of choice. The correlation of clinical features, with imaging and histopathological findings is very important for the optimal treatment. In cases of discordance, a complete surgical excision is necessary with careful assessment of the extent of the disease and appropriate treatment.
Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Breast; Breast Cyst; Breast Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast; Carcinoma, Papillary; Diagnosis, Differential; Disease Management; Female; Humans; Image-Guided Biopsy; Postmenopause; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 29562482
DOI: 10.3233/BD-170316 -
Breast Cancer Research and Treatment May 2006For more than one and a half century the cystic disease of the breast has been recognized as the most frequent female benign breast lesion. Although some conundrums and... (Review)
Review
For more than one and a half century the cystic disease of the breast has been recognized as the most frequent female benign breast lesion. Although some conundrums and controversies exist about the relation between gross cysts and breast cancer, recent evidence suggests that the multidisciplinary study of gross cystic breast disease (GCBD) may be a powerful tool for predicting the natural history of the multifaceted gross cyst pathology. A lot of papers have been published on breast cyst fluids (BCF) concerning biochemical, hormonal and morphological aspects, demonstrating that the intracystic fluid contains a wide variety of components (such as ions, lipids, proteins, enzymes, growth factors and antigens) and suggesting that their profile provides additional knowledge on both physiopathology and etiologic pathways of human gross cystic breast disease. The aim of this overview is the critical evaluation of all data accumulated in the last thirty years, in order to highlight the utility of biochemical and epidemiological studies to identify gross cysts, if any, at higher breast cancer risk.
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Breast Cyst; Cyst Fluid; Female; Fibrocystic Breast Disease; Humans
PubMed: 16331347
DOI: 10.1007/s10549-005-9110-y -
Breast Cancer Research and Treatment 1992Gross cystic disease of the breast may sometimes indicate an increased risk of breast cancer. Biochemical analysis of the cyst fluid could suggest which cysts are... (Review)
Review
Gross cystic disease of the breast may sometimes indicate an increased risk of breast cancer. Biochemical analysis of the cyst fluid could suggest which cysts are associated with breast cancer risk, as well as providing insights into the pathophysiology of this condition. The Na+/K+ ratio appears to be associated with the histological classification of the cyst. Sulfoconjugated estrogens and androgens, especially DHEA-S, are often found at high levels. A number of gross cystic disease fluid proteins (GCDFPs) have been described, and several polypeptide growth factors including EGF and IGF-I are frequently found. It is hoped that biochemical analysis of these components of breast cyst fluids will shed further light on the role of gross cysts in relation to breast cancer.
Topics: Androgens; Apolipoproteins; Apolipoproteins D; Bile Acids and Salts; Carrier Proteins; Estrogens; Exudates and Transudates; Female; Fibrocystic Breast Disease; Glycoproteins; Growth Substances; Humans; Membrane Transport Proteins; Proteins
PubMed: 1463866
DOI: 10.1007/BF01832352