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Iranian Journal of Basic Medical... 2023In the present study, it was evaluated whether morin has a protective effect on testicular toxicity caused by ifosfamide (IFOS), which is used in the treatment of...
Morin provides therapeutic effect by attenuating oxidative stress, inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy, apoptosis, and oxidative DNA damage in testicular toxicity caused by ifosfamide in rats.
OBJECTIVES
In the present study, it was evaluated whether morin has a protective effect on testicular toxicity caused by ifosfamide (IFOS), which is used in the treatment of various malignancies.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
For this purpose, 100 or 200 mg/kg morin was given to Sprague Dawley rats for 2 days, and a single dose (500 mg/kg) IFOS was administered on the 2nd day. At the 24th hr of IFOS administration, animals were decapitated and testicular tissues were taken and the status of oxidative stress, inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), autophagy, and apoptosis markers were analyzed by biochemical, molecular, and histopathological methods.
RESULTS
According to the data obtained, it was determined that IFOS caused oxidative stress in testicular tissues. It was observed that inflammation, ERS, autophagy, apoptosis, and oxidative DNA damage occurred with oxidative stress. Morin treatment suppressed oxidative stress. Morin showed anti-inflammatory effects by reducing TNF-α and IL-1β protein levels. It also increased the mRNA transcript levels of the ERS marker ATF-6, PERK, IRE1, GRP-78, and CHOP genes, and the apoptosis marker genes Bax, Casp-3, and apaf-1. It up-regulated the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 gene and the cell survival signal AKT-2 gene. Morin caused a decrease in beclin-1 protein levels and showed an anti-autophagic effect. In addition, morin attenuated oxidative DNA damage and decreased 8-OHdG immune-positive cell numbers.
CONCLUSION
As a result, it was observed that IFOS caused cellular damage by activating various signaling pathways in testicular tissue, while morin exhibited protective properties against this damage.
PubMed: 37736509
DOI: 10.22038/IJBMS.2023.71702.15580 -
Journal of Plant Research Nov 2023Plants are exposed to a variety of biotic and abiotic stresses, including wounding at the stem. The healing process (tissue reunion) begins immediately after stem...
Plasmodesmata callose binding protein 2 contributes to the regulation of cambium/phloem formation and auxin response during the tissue reunion process in incised Arabidopsis stem.
Plants are exposed to a variety of biotic and abiotic stresses, including wounding at the stem. The healing process (tissue reunion) begins immediately after stem wounding. The plant hormone auxin plays an important role during tissue reunion. In decapitated stems, auxin transport from the shoot apex is reduced and tissue reunion does not occur but is restored by application of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). In this study, we found that plasmodesmata callose binding protein 2 (PDCB2) affects the expansion of the cambium/phloem region via changes in auxin response during the process of tissue reunion. PDCB2 was expressed in the cortex and endodermis on the incised side of stems 1-3 days after incision. PDCB2-knockout plants showed reduced callose deposition at plasmodesmata and DR5::GUS activity in the endodermis/cortex in the upper region of the incision accompanied by an increase in size of the cambium/phloem region during tissue reunion. In addition, PIN(PIN-FORMED)3, which is involved in lateral auxin transport, was induced by auxin in the cambium/phloem and endodermis/cortex in the upper part of the incision in wild type, but its expression of PIN3 was decreased in pdcb2 mutant. Our results suggest that PDCB2 contributes to the regulation of cambium/phloem development via auxin response.
Topics: Arabidopsis; Phloem; Cambium; Arabidopsis Proteins; Carrier Proteins; Plasmodesmata; Indoleacetic Acids; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
PubMed: 37707645
DOI: 10.1007/s10265-023-01494-0 -
Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology :... Feb 2024
Topics: Humans; Female; Decapitation; Ultrasonography; Vagina
PubMed: 37698521
DOI: 10.1002/uog.27467 -
Journal of Molecular Recognition : JMR Nov 2023One of the leading causes of acute lung injury, which is linked to a high death rate, is pulmonary fat embolism. Increases in proinflammatory cytokines and the...
One of the leading causes of acute lung injury, which is linked to a high death rate, is pulmonary fat embolism. Increases in proinflammatory cytokines and the production of free radicals are related to the pathophysiology of acute lung injury. Antioxidants that scavenge free radicals play a protective role against acute lung injury. Gossypin has been proven to have antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we compared the role of Gossypin with the therapeutically used drug Dexamethasone in the acute lung injury model caused by oleic acid in rats. Thirty rats were divided into five groups; Sham, Oleic acid model, Oleic acid+Dexamethasone (0.1 mg/kg), Oleic acid+Gossypin (10 and 20 mg/kg). Two hours after pretreatment with Dexamethasone or Gossypin, the acute lung injury model was created by injecting 1 g/kg oleic acid into the femoral vein. Three hours following the oleic acid injection, rats were decapitated. Lung tissues were extracted for histological, immunohistochemical, biochemical, PCR, and SEM imaging assessment. The oleic acid injection caused an increase in lipid peroxidation and catalase activity, pathological changes in lung tissue, decreased superoxide dismutase activity, and glutathione level, and increased TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 expression. However, these changes were attenuated after treatment with Gossypin and Dexamethasone. By reducing the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and attenuating oxidative stress, Gossypin pretreatment provides a new target that is equally effective as dexamethasone in the treatment of oleic acid-induced acute lung injury.
PubMed: 37696682
DOI: 10.1002/jmr.3058 -
Horticulture Research Sep 2023Jujube witches' broom (JWB) phytoplasmas parasitize the sieve tubes of diseased phloem and cause an excessive proliferation of axillary shoots from dormant lateral buds...
Jujube witches' broom (JWB) phytoplasmas parasitize the sieve tubes of diseased phloem and cause an excessive proliferation of axillary shoots from dormant lateral buds to favour their transmission. In previous research, two JWB effectors, SJP1 and SJP2, were identified to induce lateral bud outgrowth by disrupting ZjBRC1-mediated auxin flux. However, the pathogenesis of JWB disease remains largely unknown. Here, tissue-specific transcriptional reprogramming was examined to gain insight into the genetic mechanisms acting inside jujube lateral buds under JWB phytoplasma infection. JWB phytoplasmas modulated a series of plant signalling networks involved in lateral bud development and defence, including auxin, abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene, jasmonic acid, and salicylic acid. JWB-induced bud outgrowth was accompanied by downregulation of ABA synthesis within lateral buds. ABA application rescued the bushy appearances of transgenic overexpressing and in Col-0 and in the mutant. Furthermore, the expression of and ABA-related genes and was negatively correlated with lateral main bud outgrowth in decapitated healthy jujube. Molecular evidence showed that ZjBRC1 interacted with ZjBRC2 via its N-terminus to activate and expression and ABA accumulation in transgenic jujube calli. In addition, widely regulated differentially expressed genes related to ABA homeostasis and ABA signalling, especially by binding to and suppressing ABA receptors. Therefore, these results suggest that JWB phytoplasmas hijack the -mediated ABA pathways to stimulate lateral bud outgrowth and expansion, providing a strategy to engineer plants resistant to JWB phytoplasma disease and regulate woody plant architecture to promote crop yield and quality.
PubMed: 37691966
DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad148 -
World Neurosurgery Nov 2023Radiation necrosis (RN) is a long-term side effect of Gamma Knife stereotactic radiosurgery that may require surgical intervention. Pentoxifylline and vitamin E have...
OBJECTIVE
Radiation necrosis (RN) is a long-term side effect of Gamma Knife stereotactic radiosurgery that may require surgical intervention. Pentoxifylline and vitamin E have previously been shown to be effective in the treatment of RN in the published literature, but there are no data on the prophylactic use of these molecules or, more importantly, whether prophylaxis is required.
METHODS
The iatrogenic RN model included 50 Sprague-Dawley rats of both sexes. There were 7 treatment subgroups established. Gamma-Plan 8.32 was used to plan after magnetic resonance scans were performed in a specially designed frame. The injection doses used in the treatment groups were vitamin E (30 mg/kg/day in a single dose) and pentoxifylline (50 mg/kg/day in 2 doses). Control magnetic resonance scans were performed at the end of a 16-week treatment, and the subjects were decapitated for pathological evaluations.
RESULTS
The intensity of hypoxia - inducible factor 1α immunoreactivity is statistically significantly lower in the therapeutic vitamin E, prophylactic pentoxifylline and vitamin E, and therapeutic pentoxifylline and vitamin E groups than in the other groups. Similarly, the intensity of vascular endothelial growth factor immunoreactivity was reduced in the therapeutic vitamin E and prophylactic pentoxifylline and vitamin E treatment modality groups. When compared with other groups, the therapeutic pentoxifylline group had significantly fewer vascular endothelial growth factor-immunoreactive cells in the perinecrotic area, with an accompanying decreased contrast enhancement pattern.
CONCLUSIONS
Both vitamin E and pentoxifylline are effective for the treatment and/or restriction of RN, either alone or in combination. The use of these molecules as a preventive measure did not outperform the therapeutic treatment.
Topics: Humans; Rats; Male; Female; Animals; Vitamin E; Pentoxifylline; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Radiation Injuries; Models, Animal; Necrosis
PubMed: 37689362
DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.08.135 -
La Clinica Terapeutica 2023Each year, there are billions of agricultural work accidents involving the operation of tractors, grain augers, harvest combines, power take-off devices, or balers and...
BACKGROUND
Each year, there are billions of agricultural work accidents involving the operation of tractors, grain augers, harvest combines, power take-off devices, or balers and thrashers. Field accidents of this nature seem more common on afternoons, just as road accidents tend to skew toward nighttime. The lesions can vary widely and depends strictly on the operation of the machinery analyzed.
AIMS
This paper aims to present a peculiar case of decapitation by a combine harvester, showing how, in cases of injury due to agricultural machinery, it is fundamental a correct execution of a scene investigation, autoptic examination, and cooperation with a specialist in engineering.
CASE REPORT
A 54-year-old man was found decapitated on the header of a combine harvester; his extremities were also dismembered. At autopsy, a clean oblique cut across the first cervical vertebra had severed the head at the neck. Although the right arm remained intact, both lower extremities were mutilated, showing numerous exposed and open fractures. A bleeding, penetrating wound to the back was additionally noted. In the days that followed, missing parts (head and left leg) were discovered in other machine components (grain tank and straw walker, respectively). All observed injuries were compatible with the mechanics of the cochlea, its rotating movement inflicting the damages above. Collaboration between pathologists and engineers was fundamental to recreating the dynamics of this rare decapitation accident by a combine harvester.
Topics: Male; Humans; Middle Aged; Decapitation; Farmers; Neck; Autopsy
PubMed: 37674446
DOI: 10.7417/CT.2023.2454 -
Pharmaceutics Jul 2023Djeya1 (RKLAFRYRRIKELYNSYR) is a very effective cell penetrating peptide (CPP) that mimics the α5 helix of the highly conserved Eya domain (ED) of eyes absent (Eya)...
Djeya1 (RKLAFRYRRIKELYNSYR) is a very effective cell penetrating peptide (CPP) that mimics the α5 helix of the highly conserved Eya domain (ED) of eyes absent (Eya) proteins. The objective of this study was to bioengineer analogues of Djeya1 that, following effective translocation into planarian tissues, would reduce the ability of neoblasts (totipotent stem cells) and their progeny to regenerate the anterior pole in decapitated . As a strategy to increase the propensity for helix formation, molecular bioengineering of Djeya1 was achieved by the mono-substitution of the helicogenic aminoisobutyric acid (Aib) at three species-variable sites: 10, 13, and 16. CD analyses indicated that Djeya1 is highly helical, and that Aib-substitution had subtle influences upon the secondary structures of bioengineered analogues. Aib-substituted Djeya1 analogues are highly efficient CPPs, devoid of influence upon cell viability or proliferation. All three peptides increase the migration of PC-3 cells, a prostate cancer line that expresses high concentrations of Eya. Two peptides, [Aib]Djeya1 and [Aib]Djeya1, are bioportides which delay planarian head regeneration. As neoblasts are the only cell population capable of division in planaria, these data indicate that bioportide technologies could be utilised to directly manipulate other stem cells in situ, thus negating any requirement for genetic manipulation.
PubMed: 37631231
DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15082018 -
Radiography (London, England : 1995) Oct 2023The porcine model shows structural features comparable to that of humans and are routinely used within research, due to the ethical, legal, and practical use of...
INTRODUCTION
The porcine model shows structural features comparable to that of humans and are routinely used within research, due to the ethical, legal, and practical use of post-mortem human samples. Methods for obtaining high quality and comparable reference data using standardised acquisition protocols are essential.
METHODS
The decapitated heads of three adult white sows were subjected to radiographic imaging before and after cranial trauma (9 mm, Heckler and Koch MP5). Digital radiographs were generated using a Siemens MULTIX TOP system with an Agfa digital detector, with foam blocks and sandbags as ancillary equipment. An iterative approach was adopted by the authors to generate reproducible radiographic views from two perpendicular angles. Specimens were kept at 5 °C and wrapped in polythene bags to reduce the impact of putrefaction.
RESULTS
Standardised head radiography technique was developed for superior-inferior and lateral views demonstrating porcine anatomy. Key parameters included: automatic exposure control for tube current (∼4 mAs), tube voltage of 73 kVp, 100 cm source to image receptor distance, and an anti-scatter grid. Slight variances in specimen morphology, developmental status, and soft tissue changes did not affect imaging outcomes.
CONCLUSION
The technique and positioning proposed in this study allows for the acquisition of high quality and reproducible radiographic images for comparable ballistic research datasets. Specimen positioning and centring of the primary beam may be applied across porcine breeds, although individual radiographic parameters may differ according to equipment specifications and specimen size.
IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE
Development of a reproducible radiographic technique of porcine heads in forensic and veterinary research.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Swine; Animals; Female; Radiographic Image Enhancement; Phantoms, Imaging; Radiography
PubMed: 37595528
DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2023.08.001 -
Sheng Li Xue Bao : [Acta Physiologica... Aug 2023The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of glutamate and its ionotropic receptor agonists on the response to acute hypoxia in rat carotid body in vitro....
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of glutamate and its ionotropic receptor agonists on the response to acute hypoxia in rat carotid body in vitro. Briefly, after SD rats were anesthetized and decapitated, the bilateral carotid bifurcations were rapidly isolated. Then bifurcation was placed into a recording chamber perfused with 95% O-5% CO saturated Kreb's solution. The carotid body-sinus nerve complex was dissected, and the carotid sinus nerve discharge was recorded using a suction electrode. To detect the response of carotid body to acute hypoxia, the chamber was perfused with 5% O-5% CO-90% N saturated Kreb's solution for a period of 100 s at an interval of 15 min. To observe the effect of glutamate, ionotropic α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor agonist AMPA or N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor agonist NMDA on the response to acute hypoxia in rat carotid body, the chamber was perfused with 5% O-5% CO-90% N saturated Kreb's solution containing the corresponding reagent. The results showed that glutamate (20 μmol/L), AMPA (5 μmol/L) or NMDA (10 μmol/L) inhibited the acute hypoxia-induced enhancement of carotid sinus nerve activity, and these inhibitory effects were dose-dependent. In summary, the activation of glutamate ionotropic receptors appears to exert an inhibitory effect on the response to acute hypoxia in carotid body of rats.
Topics: Rats; Animals; Glutamic Acid; alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid; N-Methylaspartate; Carotid Body; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Carbon Dioxide; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Receptors, AMPA; Hypoxia
PubMed: 37583041
DOI: No ID Found