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European Journal of Clinical... Nov 2015
Topics: Algorithms; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antidiuretic Hormone Receptor Antagonists; Benzazepines; Demeclocycline; Fluid Therapy; Humans; Hyponatremia; Inappropriate ADH Syndrome
PubMed: 26259932
DOI: 10.1111/eci.12516 -
Clinical Oral Investigations Apr 2016The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of changing the sodium perborate-tetrahydrate (PBS-4) at a 4-day interval versus no change after 16 days of...
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of changing the sodium perborate-tetrahydrate (PBS-4) at a 4-day interval versus no change after 16 days of internal bleaching.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Two hundred and ten bovine enamel-dentin discs were discolored for 3.5 years with 14 different endodontic materials. All groups with a discoloring index of ∆E (mean) ≥ 5.5 were included in the present investigation: ApexCal (APCA), MTA white + blood (WMTA+BL), Portland cement + blood (PC+BL), blood (BL), MTA gray (GMTA), MTA gray + blood (GMTA+BL), Ledermix (LED), and triple antibiotic paste containing minocycline (3Mix). Fourteen specimens of each group were randomly assigned into two treatment groups: (1) no change of the PBS-4 (n = 7); (2) change of the PBS-4 every 4 days (n = 7). Color measurements were taken at 10 different time intervals and the L*a*b* values were recorded with a spectrophotometer (VITA Easyshade® compact).
RESULTS
In the group 3Mix, significantly better results were achieved by changing the bleaching agent every 4 days (P = 0.0049; q = 0.04), while the group WMTA+BL indicated better results by no change of the bleaching agent (P = 0.0222, q = 0.09). All remaining groups showed no statistical difference between the two treatment procedures.
CONCLUSIONS
Moderate discolorations can be successfully treated without changing the bleaching agent over a period of 16 days. Changing the sodium perborate-tetrahydrate every 4 days is preferred in case of severe discolored enamel-dentin discs only.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
This approach may offer a reduced number of clinical appointments and a secondary cost reduction to the patient.
Topics: Aluminum Compounds; Animals; Borates; Calcium Compounds; Cattle; Ciprofloxacin; Demeclocycline; Dental Cements; Dental Enamel; Dentin; Drug Combinations; In Vitro Techniques; Metronidazole; Minocycline; Oxides; Random Allocation; Root Canal Filling Materials; Silicates; Spectrophotometry; Time Factors; Tooth Bleaching; Tooth Bleaching Agents; Tooth Discoloration; Triamcinolone Acetonide
PubMed: 26254597
DOI: 10.1007/s00784-015-1545-x -
European Journal of Clinical... Aug 2015Hyponatraemia is a very common medical condition that is associated with multiple poor clinical outcomes and is often managed suboptimally because of inadequate...
BACKGROUND
Hyponatraemia is a very common medical condition that is associated with multiple poor clinical outcomes and is often managed suboptimally because of inadequate assessment and investigation. Previously published guidelines for its management are often complex and impractical to follow in a hospital environment, where patients may present to divergent specialists, as well as to generalists.
DESIGN
A group of senior, experienced UK clinicians, met to develop a practical algorithm for the assessment and management of hyponatraemia in a hospital setting. The latest evidence was discussed and reviewed in the light of current clinical practicalities to ensure an up-to-date perspective. An algorithm was largely developed following consensus opinion, followed up with subsequent additions and amendments that were agreed by all authors during several rounds of review.
RESULTS
We present a practical algorithm which includes a breakdown of the best methods to evaluate volume status, simple assessments for the diagnosis of the various causes and a straightforward approach to treatment to minimise complexity and maximise patient safety.
CONCLUSION
The algorithm we have developed reflects the best available evidence and extensive clinical experience and provides practical, useable guidance to improve patient care.
Topics: Algorithms; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antidiuretic Hormone Receptor Antagonists; Benzazepines; Demeclocycline; Fluid Therapy; Hospitalization; Humans; Hyponatremia; Inappropriate ADH Syndrome; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Tolvaptan; Water-Electrolyte Imbalance
PubMed: 25995119
DOI: 10.1111/eci.12465 -
The Journal of Contemporary Dental... Feb 2015Tetracycline-stained tooth structure is difficult to bleach using nightguard tray methods. The possible benefits of in-office light-accelerated bleaching systems based...
AIM
Tetracycline-stained tooth structure is difficult to bleach using nightguard tray methods. The possible benefits of in-office light-accelerated bleaching systems based on the photo-Fenton reaction are of interest as possible adjunctive treatments. This study was a proof of concept for possible benefits of this approach, using dentine slabs from human tooth roots stained in a reproducible manner with the tetracycline antibiotic demeclocycline hydrochloride.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Color changes overtime in tetra-cycline stained roots from single rooted teeth treated using gel (Zoom! WhiteSpeed(®)) alone, blue LED light alone, or gel plus light in combination were tracked using standardized digital photography. Controls received no treatment. Changes in color channel data were tracked overtime, for each treatment group (N = 20 per group).
RESULTS
Dentin was lighter after bleaching, with significant improvements in the dentin color for the blue channel (yellow shade) followed by the green channel and luminosity. The greatest changes occurred with gel activated by light (p < 0.0001), which was superior to effects seen with gel alone. Use of the light alone did not significantly alter shade.
CONCLUSION
This proof of concept study demonstrates that bleaching using the photo-Fenton chemistry is capable of lightening tetracycline-stained dentine. Further investigation of the use of this method for treating tetracycline-stained teeth in clinical settings appears warranted.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
Because tetracycline staining may respond to bleaching treatments based on the photo-Fenton reaction, systems, such as Zoom! WhiteSpeed, may have benefits as adjuncts to home bleaching for patients with tetracycline-staining.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Color; Dental Pulp Cavity; Dentin; Gels; Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Materials Testing; Photography, Dental; Phototherapy; Tetracycline; Tooth Bleaching; Tooth Bleaching Agents; Tooth Discoloration
PubMed: 25906803
DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1648 -
Physics in Medicine and Biology Apr 2015Complete resection of brain tumors improves life expectancy and quality. Thus, there is a strong need for high-resolution detection and microscopically controlled...
Complete resection of brain tumors improves life expectancy and quality. Thus, there is a strong need for high-resolution detection and microscopically controlled removal of brain neoplasms. The goal of this study was to test demeclocycline as a contrast enhancer for the intraoperative detection of brain tumors. We have imaged benign and cancerous brain tumors using multimodal confocal microscopy. The tumors investigated included pituitary adenoma, meningiomas, glioblastomas, and metastatic brain cancers. Freshly excised brain tissues were stained in 0.75 mg ml(-1) aqueous solution of demeclocyline. Reflectance images were acquired at 402 nm. Fluorescence signals were excited at 402 nm and registered between 500 and 540 nm. After imaging, histological sections were processed from the imaged specimens and compared to the optical images. Fluorescence images highlighted normal and cancerous brain cells, while reflectance images emphasized the morphology of connective tissue. The optical and histological images were in accordance with each other for all types of tumors investigated. Demeclocyline shows promise as a contrast agent for intraoperative detection of brain tumors.
Topics: Brain; Brain Neoplasms; Contrast Media; Demeclocycline; Fluorescent Dyes; Glioblastoma; Glioma; Humans; Meningeal Neoplasms; Meningioma; Microscopy, Confocal; Neoplasm Metastasis; Optical Imaging; Pituitary Neoplasms; Radionuclide Imaging; Reproducibility of Results
PubMed: 25790138
DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/60/7/3003 -
Food Additives & Contaminants. Part A,... 2015Antibacterials are widely used in veterinary medicine. Residues of these drugs can remain in food of animal origin, including bovine liver. This paper describes a fast...
Antibacterials are widely used in veterinary medicine. Residues of these drugs can remain in food of animal origin, including bovine liver. This paper describes a fast and simple analytical method for the determination of quinolones and fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines and sulfonamides in bovine liver samples. Deuterated enrofloxacin, sulfapyridine and demeclocycline were used as internal standards. The homogenised liver samples were extracted with acidified acetonitrile. Steps of non-solid-phase extraction (SPE) clean-up and concentration were used in the presented method. The final extracts were analysed by sensitive and selective detection of all components in a single run using LC-MS/MS. Acceptable recoveries between 66% and 110% were obtained. Good linearity (r(2)) above 0.96, considering three different days, for all drugs was achieved in concentrations ranging from 0.0 to 2.0 × the maximum residue limit (MRL). Intraday precision with coefficient of variation (CV%) (n = 6) lower than 14.7% and inter-day precision lower than 18.8% in agreement with European Commission Decision 2002/657/EC were obtained in concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 1.5 MRL. Accuracy was between 86% and 110%. Limits of detection and quantitation, as well as decision limit (CCα) and detection capability (CCβ), were also evaluated.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cattle; Chromatography, Liquid; Drug Residues; Fluoroquinolones; Liver; Poultry; Quinolones; Sulfonamides; Swine; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Tetracyclines; Veterinary Drugs
PubMed: 25686359
DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2015.1007091 -
Journal of Biomedical Optics Sep 2014Contrast agents have shown to be useful in the detection of cancers. The goal of this study was to compare enhancement of brain cancer contrast using reflectance and... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Contrast agents have shown to be useful in the detection of cancers. The goal of this study was to compare enhancement of brain cancer contrast using reflectance and fluorescence confocal imaging of two fluorophores, methylene blue (MB) and demeclocycline (DMN). MB absorbs light in the red spectral range and fluoresces in the near-infrared. It is safe for in vivo staining of human skin and breast tissue. However, its safety for staining human brain is questionable. Thus, DMN, which absorbs light in the violet spectral range and fluoresces between 470 and 570 nm, could provide a safer alternative to MB. Fresh human gliomas, obtained from surgeries, were cut in half and stained with aqueous solutions of MB and DMN, respectively. Stained tissues were imaged using multimodal confocal microscopy. Resulting reflectance and fluorescence optical images were compared with hematoxylin and eosin histopathology, processed from each imaged tissue. Results indicate that images of tissues stained with either stain exhibit comparable contrast and resolution of morphological detail. Further studies are required to establish the safety and efficacy of these contrast agents for use in human brain.
Topics: Brain; Brain Chemistry; Brain Neoplasms; Contrast Media; Demeclocycline; Glioma; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Methylene Blue; Optical Imaging
PubMed: 25239672
DOI: 10.1117/1.JBO.19.9.090504 -
Environmental Technology 2014Struvite (MgNH₄PO₄·6H₂O) is normally used as a fertilizer in agriculture, where struvite crystallization from hydrolysed human urine is a simple and reliable...
Struvite (MgNH₄PO₄·6H₂O) is normally used as a fertilizer in agriculture, where struvite crystallization from hydrolysed human urine is a simple and reliable method for phosphorus (P) recovery. Human urine, however, contains high amount of pharmaceuticals, which may cause health risk for applications. This research investigates the possibility of decreasing the amount of pharmaceuticals (tetracycline, demeclocycline and oxytetracycline) in struvite crystals recovered from synthetic and human urines by focusing on storage time, and of increasing the quality of struvite production. Urines were stored for different times up to 15 days prior to recovery of phosphorus by two steps, spontaneous precipitation and struvite crystallization. The morphology of spontaneous precipitates and struvite crystals was observed. Spontaneous precipitation removed around 17-24% of phosphate from synthetic and human urines, while pharmaceuticals were removed with a quite high amount at a short storage time (5 days) and this amount decreased with increasing the storage time (10 and 15 days). Urines with>70% remaining phosphates were re-used for struvite crystallization by adding extra magnesium. It was found that maximum P-recovery efficiency could be achieved from struvite crystallization at 5-day storage time, 70% and 68% of remaining P in the separated supernatant from synthetic and human urines, respectively, whereas less than 1% pharmaceuticals remained in the struvite crystals from both samples. This indicates that the procedure in this work is a good method for phosphorus recovery, in which high struvite purity (>99%) is obtained with low amount of pharmaceuticals.
Topics: Crystallization; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hydrolysis; Magnesium Compounds; Phosphates; Phosphorus; Specimen Handling; Struvite; Tetracyclines; Time Factors
PubMed: 25189849
DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2014.929179 -
Journal of Cardiology Cases Nov 2014Hyponatremia commonly occurs in acute coronary syndrome and has been recognized as a worse prognostic indicator in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial...
Hyponatremia commonly occurs in acute coronary syndrome and has been recognized as a worse prognostic indicator in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). However STEMI with preexisting hyponatremia from syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) has never been described in the literature. We describe a case of 59-year-old woman who presented with STEMI and received emergent percutaneous coronary intervention who also had SIADH with the lowest serum sodium measurement of 113 mmol/L. Initially, she was treated with hypertonic saline to reduce central nervous system complications. Then, vasopressin receptor 2 antagonist and demeclocycline were started as well as fluid restriction and salt tablet. Her sodium level and clinical symptoms improved. Subsequently, we found cavitary right upper lung mass and a biopsy report revealed small cell lung cancer as a cause of SIADH. Severe hyponatremia from SIADH complicated with STEMI could potentially have reduced adverse outcomes by normalizing sodium level through vasopressin receptor 2 antagonist or demeclocycline. < Hyponatremia in STEMI from SIADH, prognosis, and treatment options.>.
PubMed: 30534240
DOI: 10.1016/j.jccase.2014.07.007 -
International Endodontic Journal Apr 2015To determine the effect of pH, oxygen levels and ions on tetracycline oxidation and resultant discolouration.
AIM
To determine the effect of pH, oxygen levels and ions on tetracycline oxidation and resultant discolouration.
METHODOLOGY
Solutions of demeclocycline hydrochloride or doxycycline hyclate were prepared and exposed to different pH conditions, pure oxygen or carbon dioxide, ascorbic acid or various ions (from calcium chloride, calcium nitrate, strontium chloride, magnesium chloride, zinc chloride, and bismuth nitrate). Subsequently, they were exposed to intense visible blue light (470 ± 15 nm) for 24 h. Colour change was monitored using standardized digital photography. Parametric statistical analysis employing the Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank test was performed to compare the mean change in different colour channels, assessing the discolouration effect of the modified conditions.
RESULTS
An acidic pH reduced discolouration, whilst alkaline pH increased it. A higher oxygen tension resulted in more discolouration, as did the presence of calcium, strontium, and bismuth ions, all of which bind to tetracyclines. Conversely, zinc and magnesium ions had a mild photoprotective effect. Ascorbic acid, an anti-oxidant, reduced the level of discolouration.
CONCLUSIONS
The tendency of these tetracyclines to undergo photo-oxidation is increased by common variables present in the clinical environment. There are potential benefits from using photoprotectors and anti-oxidants in these materials, to reduce the possibility of discolouration.
Topics: Oxidation-Reduction; Root Canal Therapy; Tetracyclines; Therapeutic Irrigation; Tooth Discoloration
PubMed: 24889184
DOI: 10.1111/iej.12323