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Materials (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2023The microbiological behavior of dental polymer materials is crucial to secure the clinical success of dental restorations. Here, the manufacturing process and the...
The microbiological behavior of dental polymer materials is crucial to secure the clinical success of dental restorations. Here, the manufacturing process and the machining can play a decisive role. This study investigated the bacterial adhesion on dental polymers as a function of manufacturing techniques (additive/subtractive) and different polishing protocols. Specimens were made from polyaryletherketone (PEEK, PEKK, and AKP), resin-based CAD/CAM materials (composite and PMMA), and printed methacrylate (MA)-based materials. Surface roughness (R; R) was determined using a laser scanning microscope, and SFE/contact angles were measured using the sessile drop method. After salivary pellicle formation, in vitro biofilm formation was initiated by exposing the specimens to suspensions of () and (). Adherent bacteria were quantified using a fluorometric assay. One-way ANOVA analysis found significant influences ( < 0.001) for the individual parameters (treatment and material) and their combinations for both types of bacteria. Stronger polishing led to significantly ( < 0.001) less adhesion of (Pearson correlation PC = -0.240) and (PC = -0.206). A highly significant ( = 0.010, PC = 0.135) correlation between adhesion and R was identified. Post hoc analysis revealed significant higher bacterial adhesion for vertically printed MA specimens compared to horizontally printed specimens. Furthermore, significant higher adhesion of on pressed PEEK was revealed comparing to the other manufacturing methods (milling, injection molding, and 3D printing). The milled PAEK samples showed similar bacterial adhesion. In general, the resin-based materials, composites, and PAEKs showed different bacterial adhesion. Fabrication methods were shown to play a critical role; the pressed PEEK showed the highest initial accumulations. Horizontal DLP fabrication reduced bacterial adhesion. Roughness < 10 µm or polishing appear to be essential for reducing bacterial adhesion.
PubMed: 36984253
DOI: 10.3390/ma16062373 -
Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of... May 2023The sugarcane cystatin 5 (CaneCPI-5) showed protection against erosion and erosive tooth wear (ETW) under several protocols. However, evaluating these conditions in vivo...
The sugarcane cystatin 5 (CaneCPI-5) showed protection against erosion and erosive tooth wear (ETW) under several protocols. However, evaluating these conditions in vivo is hard due to the lack of a suitable device. The aim of this study was to use clinically the relative surface reflection intensity (%SRI) by the Reflectometer Optipen to assess the acquired pellicle engineering with CaneCPI-5 rinse for the prevention of initial erosion in vivo. Nine volunteers were distributed in three cross-over phases, according to the rinse used, as follows: 1) Deionized water (negative control); 2) Elmex® (800 ppm Sn, 500 ppm F; positive control); 3) 0.1 mg/mL CaneCPI-5. The following experimental steps were performed: Initially, the volunteers received prophylaxis and the initial %SRI was performed. Subsequently, they rinsed with the solutions (10 mL; 1min), followed by the formation of the acquired enamel pellicle (AEP; 120min). After, the erosive challenge with citric acid 1%, pH 2.5 (10 μL; 10s) was performed (in isolation) on the buccal surface of the maxillary central incisors (right and left). The calcium present in the acid was analyzed by Arsenazo III method. Finally, the final %SRI was performed. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis/Dunn's tests and Spearman's correlation were used (p < 0.05). For both variables, the negative control led to significantly less protection (lower reflectivity and higher calcium release) in comparison with the other groups. The best protection (higher reflectivity and lower calcium release) was observed for the Elmex® and the CaneCPI-5 groups, with no significant differences between them (p < 0.05). There was a significant correlation between both analyzes. The Reflectometer Optipen demonstrated to be a good device to assess clinically. Moreover, CaneCPI-5 rinse proved effective through acquired pellicle engineering against initial erosion in vivo.
Topics: Humans; Tooth Erosion; Calcium; Saccharum; Cystatins
PubMed: 36934688
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.105782 -
European Archives of Paediatric... Jun 2023This study evaluated whether the presence of the salivary acquired pellicle (AP) had any effect on the dentin's darkening and on the caries arresting effect after the...
PURPOSE
This study evaluated whether the presence of the salivary acquired pellicle (AP) had any effect on the dentin's darkening and on the caries arresting effect after the use of SDF + KI, in a cariogenic challenge.
METHODS
Human dentin specimens were standardised, submitted to artificial caries lesion formation, and divided into five groups (n = 20): C: control group-no treatment, SDF: 38% SDF, APSDF: SDF 38% and AP, KISDF: 38% SDF and KI, and APKISDF: 38% SDF, KI and AP, that were submitted to pH cycling. Colour evaluation (CIE L*a*b* system) and surface hardness were performed before and after the treatments/pH cycling.
RESULTS
SDF and APSDF groups showed no difference in colour. KISDF and APKISDF groups showed significantly different colours than the groups without KI. SDF, APSDF, and APKISDF groups had less mineral loss than C and KISDF. SDF, APSDF, and APKISDF revealed significantly greater mineral recovery, compared to KISDF and C.
CONCLUSION
The AP did not influence the dentin´s colour after SDF + KI, but had a protective role in modulating the dentin´s mineral gain/loss. KI used after SDF decreased the dentin´s darkening, and did not interfere with the dentin de/remineralization process.
Topics: Humans; Potassium Iodide; Dental Pellicle; Color; Dentin; Fluorides, Topical; Dental Caries; Minerals
PubMed: 36929510
DOI: 10.1007/s40368-023-00791-5 -
Swiss Dental Journal Jul 2023Two forms of non-carious dental disorder - erosive tooth hard tissue loss and dental erosion - have been increasingly observed in recent years. Dental erosion is the...
Two forms of non-carious dental disorder - erosive tooth hard tissue loss and dental erosion - have been increasingly observed in recent years. Dental erosion is the chemical loss of dental hard substances caused by exposure to acids not derived from oral bacteria. Mechanical forces from, for example, the tongue, the cheeks or toothbrushing, increase loss of partly-demineralized tooth surfaces and the cumulative loss of dental hard tissue is defined as erosive tooth wear (ETW). Dental hard tissue losses which occur because of very frequent acid exposure, such as through increased vomiting, but without mechanical stress, are also assigned to tooth erosion. Without prior softening, practically no loss of enamel takes place due to abrasion with the modern Western diet. The present work is a continuation of earlier work. A total of 226 beverages, food, stimulants as well as medicines and mouthwashes were tested for their erosive potential on premolars and deciduous molars covered with a human pellicle. The influence of temperature, phosphate and calcium was also investigated in additional experiments. The change in hardness before and after immersion in the respective test substance was measured and the erosive potential was classified. For each test product, we determined pH and other properties which were possibly related to erosive potential. There were considerable and sometimes surprising differences between the tested products. The addition of phosphate did not influence the erosive potential of the liquids, but calcium did. A modified erosion scheme is presented, which incorporates these and other new findings.
Topics: Humans; Tooth Erosion; Mouthwashes; Dental Enamel; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Calcium, Dietary; Phosphates
PubMed: 36861647
DOI: 10.61872/sdj-2023-07-08-01 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2023Dental diseases occur in children with cerebral palsy three times higher than in healthy children. Low values of the unstimulated salivation rate (<0.3 ml per minute),...
UNLABELLED
Dental diseases occur in children with cerebral palsy three times higher than in healthy children. Low values of the unstimulated salivation rate (<0.3 ml per minute), pH and buffer capacity, changes in enzyme activity and sialic acid concentration, as well as increased saliva osmolarity and total protein concentration, which indicates impaired hydration, are the factors in the development of a gingiva disease in case of cerebral palsy. This leads to increased bacterial agglutination and the formation of acquired pellicle and biofilm, leading to the formation of dental plaque. There is a tendency toward an increase in the concentration of hemoglobin and a decrease in the degree of hemoglobin oxygenation, as well as an increase in the generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) with the use of photosensitizer methylene blue improves blood circulation and the degree of oxygenation in periodontal tissues, as well as eliminates a bacterial biofilm. Analysis of back diffuse reflection spectra makes it possible to conduct non-invasive monitoring determine tissue areas with a low level of hemoglobin oxygenation for precision photodynamic exposure.
AIM
To improve the effectiveness of phototheranostics methods using, namely PDT with simultaneous optical-spectral control, for the treatment of gingivitis in children with complex dental and somatic status (cerebral palsy).
METHODS
The study involved 15 children (6-18 y.o.) with various forms of cerebral palsy, in particular, spastic diplegia and atonic-astatic form and with gingivitis. The degree of hemoglobin oxygenation was measured in tissues before PDT and on the 12th day. PDT was performed using laser radiation (λ = 660 nm) with a power density of 150 mW/cm with a five-minute application of 0.01% MB. The total light dose was 45 ± 15 J/cm. For statistical evaluation of the results, a paired Student's t-test was used.
RESULTS
The paper presents the results of phototheranostics using methylene blue in children with cerebral palsy. An increase in the level of hemoglobin oxygenation from 50 to 67% ( < 0.001) and a decrease in blood volume in the microcirculatory bed of periodontal tissues were shown.
CONCLUSION
Photodynamic therapy methods with application of methylene blue make it possible to assess the state of the gingival mucosa tissue diseases objectively in real time, and to provide effective targeted therapy for gingivitis in children with cerebral palsy. There is a prospect that they can become widely used clinical methods.
Topics: Child; Humans; Cerebral Palsy; Gingivitis; Methylene Blue; Microcirculation; Photochemotherapy; Hemoglobins
PubMed: 36794072
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.961066 -
Archives of Oral Biology Apr 2023This study evaluated the protective impact of acquired enamel pellicle (AEP) engineering with statherin-derived peptide (StatpSpS), considering different AEP formation...
OBJECTIVES
This study evaluated the protective impact of acquired enamel pellicle (AEP) engineering with statherin-derived peptide (StatpSpS), considering different AEP formation times.
DESIGN
A total of 120 native human enamel specimens were divided into 2 main groups: 1) No AEP engineering and 2) AEP engineering with StatpSpS (pretreatment for 1 min; 37 °C, under agitation). Each group was further divided into 4 subgroups: No pellicle, or 1, 60-and-120 min AEP formation times (human saliva; 37 °C). The specimens were then subjected to an erosive challenge (1% citric acid; pH 3.6; 1 min; 25 °C). This procedure was repeated for 5 cycles. Relative surface reflection intensity (%SRI) was measured and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the enamel surface was done.
RESULTS
All AEP engineering groups protected against initial dental erosion in comparison with No pellicle (p < 0.001), likewise all groups with AEP, independent of engineering or formation times (p 0.001). Furthermore, engineering with StatpSpS even without the presence of AEP protected the enamel when compared to the No engineering/No pellicle group (p < 0.0001). No difference was observed regarding the protection from the different AEP formation times (p > 0.05). Regarding the SEM analysis, in the "No AEP engineering & No AEP" group, a more severe effect of citric acid was observed, with more enamel prism heads and scratches on the surface when compared with the other groups.
CONCLUSIONS
AEP provides almost instant protection at formation times even as short as 1 min, protecting the native enamel against erosion. Treatment with StatpSpS by itself provides similar protection as the AEP.
Topics: Humans; Dental Pellicle; Tooth Erosion; Dental Enamel; Peptides; Citric Acid
PubMed: 36773559
DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2023.105643 -
Caries Research 2023The effect of solutions containing a statherin-derived peptide (Stn15pSpS) on the protection against enamel erosion in vitro was evaluated. Bovine enamel specimens were...
The effect of solutions containing a statherin-derived peptide (Stn15pSpS) on the protection against enamel erosion in vitro was evaluated. Bovine enamel specimens were divided into 4 groups (n = 15/group): (1) deionized water (negative control), (2) Elmex Erosion Protection™ (positive control), (3) 1.88 × 10-5 M Stn15pSpS, and (4) 3.76 × 10-5 M Stn15pSpS. The solutions were applied on the specimens for 1 min. Stimulated saliva was collected from 3 donors and used to form a 2-h acquired pellicle on the specimens. Then, the specimens were submitted to an erosive pH-cycling protocol 4 times/day, for 7 days (0.01 M HCl pH 2.0/45 s, artificial saliva/2 h, and artificial saliva overnight). The solutions were applied again during pH-cycling, 2 times/day for 1 min after the first and last erosive challenges. Enamel loss (μm) was assessed by contact profilometry. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's test (p < 0.05). The best protection against erosion was conferred by Elmex Erosion Protection that significantly differed from all the other treatments, followed by the solutions containing Stn15pSpS, regardless of the concentration. However, 3.76 × 10-5 M Stn15pSpS did not differ from the negative control. The solution containing the lower concentration of Stn15pSpS protected against erosion in vitro, which should be confirmed using protocols that more closely resemble the clinical condition.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Humans; Dental Enamel; Fluorides; Saliva, Artificial; Tooth Erosion; Salivary Proteins and Peptides
PubMed: 36630932
DOI: 10.1159/000529016 -
Journal of Dentistry Feb 2023To evaluate and compare the proteomic profile of acquired pellicle on smooth bovine tooth and tooth-coloured restorative materials, including resin composite (RC), glass...
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate and compare the proteomic profile of acquired pellicle on smooth bovine tooth and tooth-coloured restorative materials, including resin composite (RC), glass ionomer cement (GIC), and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate modified GIC (CPP-ACP GIC).
METHODS
Two-hour in situ pellicles on tooth/materials specimens mounted in oral appliances worn by ten healthy adults were investigated. Pellicle proteins and corresponding unstimulated whole saliva were quantitatively analysed through liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
RESULTS
Significantly higher amounts of protein were adsorbed onto tooth surface than restorative materials tested (4.11 ± 0.69 vs. 2.54 ± 0.38/2.98 ± 0.80/3.01 ± 0.37 µg, RC/GIC/CPP-ACP GIC). From the ten participants, 1,444 (487-1,086/person), 1,454 (645-1,051/person), 1,731 (454-1,475/person), or 1,597 (423-1,261/person) pellicle proteins were detected at least once on bovine tooth, RC, GIC, or CPP-ACP GIC, respectively, and with 1,072 (304-793/person) salivary proteins identified. Comparative quantification revealed minor differences between tooth and restorative materials pellicle profiles. High inter-individual variations in pellicle protein composition were demonstrated. Compared to the salivary protein profile, 214/57 proteins showed significantly increased/decreased abundance in pellicle formed on at least one substrate (fold change > 3.325/fold change < 0.301). Gene Ontology enrichment analysis showed some pellicle proteins detected with increased affinity to tooth/material surface were identified as being related to "calcium-dependent protein binding" or "cell-cell adhesion mediator activity".
CONCLUSION
Similar protein quantity and composition was observed in 2 h in situ pellicles formed on different smooth restorative material surfaces. The proteomic profile of pellicles appeared distinct from that of the corresponding unstimulated whole saliva.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
Host backgrounds appeared more influential on the proteomic profile of the in situ acquired pellicle than the underlying substrate characteristics among systemically and orally healthy adults. Pellicle proteins preferentially adsorbed on tooth/materials were putatively associated with calcium ion homeostasis or host-microbiota interaction.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Animals; Cattle; Calcium; Proteomics; Dental Materials; Dental Pellicle; Composite Resins; Salivary Proteins and Peptides; Glass Ionomer Cements
PubMed: 36526084
DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2022.104389 -
Archives of Oral Biology Feb 2023In this study, the abundance of the protective salivary proteins lysozyme, lactoferrin, and cystatin S was quantified in the in situ formed pellicle of caries-free and...
OBJECTIVE
In this study, the abundance of the protective salivary proteins lysozyme, lactoferrin, and cystatin S was quantified in the in situ formed pellicle of caries-free and caries-active children to determine whether they may be possible biomarkers for caries.
DESIGN
Pellicle formation was performed in situ for 10 min on ceramic specimens from the oral cavity of children (5-8 years) with caries (n = 17) and without evidence of caries (n = 17). Additionally, unstimulated saliva was collected. Levels of lysozyme, lactoferrin, and cystatin S were measured in desorbed pellicle eluates and saliva using ELISA.
RESULTS
No statistically significant differences were found in the occurrence of cystatin S and lysozyme in saliva and pellicle between caries-active and caries-free children. However, significantly higher amounts of lactoferrin were detected in the pellicle of caries-active children.
CONCLUSION
The protective salivary protein lactoferrin may be a biomarker for caries susceptibility in children.
Topics: Humans; Child; Dental Pellicle; Lactoferrin; Muramidase; Salivary Proteins and Peptides; Saliva; Dental Caries
PubMed: 36525870
DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2022.105598 -
Journal of Clinical Medicine Nov 2022Bioadhesion and surface interactions on enamel are of essential relevance for initiation, progression and prevention of caries and erosions. Salivary proteins on and... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Bioadhesion and surface interactions on enamel are of essential relevance for initiation, progression and prevention of caries and erosions. Salivary proteins on and within initial carious and erosive lesions can facilitate or aggravate de- and remineralization. This applies for the pellicle layer, the subsurface pellicle and for proteins within initial carious lesions. Little is known about these proteinaceous structures related to initial caries and erosion. Accordingly, there is a considerable demand for an understanding of the underlying processes occurring at the interface between the tooth surface and the oral cavity in order to develop novel agents that limit and modulate caries and erosion. Objectives and findings: The present paper depicts the current knowledge of the processes occurring at the interface of the tooth surface and the oral fluids. Proteinaceous layers on dental hard tissues can prevent or aggravate demineralization processes, whereas proteins within initial erosive or carious lesions might hinder remineralization considerably and restrict the entry of ions into lesions.
CONCLUSIONS
Despite the fact that organic-inorganic surface interactions are of essential relevance for de- and remineralization processes at the tooth surface, there is limited knowledge on these clinically relevant phenomena. Accordingly, intensive research is necessary to develop new approaches in preventive dentistry.
PubMed: 36498618
DOI: 10.3390/jcm11237044