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Journal of Affective Disorders Jun 2024Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) are psychiatric disorders that can present with overlapping symptoms and shared risk factors.... (Review)
Review
Similarities and differences between post-traumatic stress disorder and major depressive disorder: Evidence from task-evoked functional magnetic resonance imaging meta-analysis.
BACKGROUND
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) are psychiatric disorders that can present with overlapping symptoms and shared risk factors. However, the extent to which these disorders share common underlying neuropathological mechanisms remains unclear. To investigate the similarities and differences in task-evoked brain activation patterns between patients with PTSD and MDD.
METHODS
A coordinate-based meta-analysis was conducted across 35 PTSD studies (564 patients and 543 healthy controls) and 125 MDD studies (4049 patients and 4170 healthy controls) using anisotropic effect-size signed differential mapping software.
RESULTS
Both PTSD and MDD patients exhibited increased neural activation in the bilateral inferior frontal gyrus. However, PTSD patients showed increased neural activation in the right insula, left supplementary motor area extending to median cingulate gyrus and superior frontal gyrus (SFG), and left fusiform gyrus, and decreased neural activation in the right posterior cingulate gyrus, right middle temporal gyrus, right paracentral lobule, and right inferior parietal gyrus relative to MDD patients.
CONCLUSION
Our meta-analysis suggests that PTSD and MDD share some similar patterns of brain activation, but also have distinct neural signatures. These findings contribute to our understanding of the potential neuropathology underlying these disorders and may inform the development of more targeted and effective treatment and intervention strategies. Moreover, these results may provide useful neuroimaging targets for the differential diagnosis of MDD and PTSD.
PubMed: 38942203
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.06.095 -
European Neuropsychopharmacology : the... Jun 2024Evidence suggests a remarkable shared genetic susceptibility between psychiatric disorders. However, sex-dependent differences have been less studied. We explored the...
Evidence suggests a remarkable shared genetic susceptibility between psychiatric disorders. However, sex-dependent differences have been less studied. We explored the contribution of schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar disorder (BD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) polygenic scores (PGSs) on the risk for psychotic disorders and whether sex-dependent differences exist (CIBERSAM sample: 1826 patients and 1372 controls). All PGSs were significantly associated with psychosis. Sex-stratified analyses showed that the variance explained in psychotic disorders risk was significantly higher in males than in females for all PGSs. Our results confirm the shared genetic architecture across psychotic disorders and demonstrate sex-dependent differences in the vulnerability to psychotic disorders.
PubMed: 38941950
DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2024.04.017 -
Phytomedicine : International Journal... Jun 2024Since the pathogenesis of depression is complex, antidepressant therapy remains unsatisfactory. Recent evidence suggests a link between depression and lipid metabolism....
BACKGROUND
Since the pathogenesis of depression is complex, antidepressant therapy remains unsatisfactory. Recent evidence suggests a link between depression and lipid metabolism. Saikosaponin (SS) exhibits antidepression and lipid-regulating effects in modern pharmacology. However, it is unknown whether lipid regulation is the key mechanism of the SS antidepressant effect and how it works.
PURPOSE
In this study, we investigated the relationship between the antidepressant activity of SS and the regulation of lipid metabolism and explored potential mechanisms.
METHODS
APOE mice, in combination with the chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) model, were used to study the relationship between SS antidepressant activity and lipid metabolism through behavioral, electrophysiological techniques, and non-targeted lipidomics. Western blot, primary cell culture technology, and laser speckle cerebral blood flow imaging were employed to elucidate potential mechanisms. GraphPad Prism was used for statistical analysis, and p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
RESULTS
APOE mice exhibit more severe depressive-like behavior and dysregulation of sphingolipid metabolism in CUMS. SS alleviates depressive behavior and cortical sphingolipid metabolism disorder caused by CUMS, but has no effect on APOE mice. SS alleviates the imbalance between ceramide (Cer) and sphingomyelin (SM) through acidic sphingomyelinase (AMSase). In addition, SS regulates neuronal glutamate release via sphingolipid metabolism, thereby alleviating the CUMS-induced inhibition of neurovascular coupling (regulates metabotropic glutamate receptor and IP3 receptor), which ameliorates the reduction of cerebral blood flow in depressed mice.
CONCLUSION
Our study highlights the role of lipid metabolism in the antidepressant activity of SS and explores its underlying mechanisms. This study provided new insights into the better understanding of the antidepressant mechanisms of phytomedicine while increasing the possibility of lipid metabolism as a therapeutic strategy for depression.
PubMed: 38941813
DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155829 -
Journal of Medical Internet Research Jun 2024Previous mobile health (mHealth) studies have revealed significant links between depression and circadian rhythm features measured via wearables. However, the...
BACKGROUND
Previous mobile health (mHealth) studies have revealed significant links between depression and circadian rhythm features measured via wearables. However, the comprehensive impact of seasonal variations was not fully considered in these studies, potentially biasing interpretations in real-world settings.
OBJECTIVE
This study aims to explore the associations between depression severity and wearable-measured circadian rhythms while accounting for seasonal impacts.
METHODS
Data were sourced from a large longitudinal mHealth study, wherein participants' depression severity was assessed biweekly using the 8-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-8), and participants' behaviors, including sleep, step count, and heart rate (HR), were tracked via Fitbit devices for up to 2 years. We extracted 12 circadian rhythm features from the 14-day Fitbit data preceding each PHQ-8 assessment, including cosinor variables, such as HR peak timing (HR acrophase), and nonparametric features, such as the onset of the most active continuous 10-hour period (M10 onset). To investigate the association between depression severity and circadian rhythms while also assessing the seasonal impacts, we used three nested linear mixed-effects models for each circadian rhythm feature: (1) incorporating the PHQ-8 score as an independent variable, (2) adding seasonality, and (3) adding an interaction term between season and the PHQ-8 score.
RESULTS
Analyzing 10,018 PHQ-8 records alongside Fitbit data from 543 participants (n=414, 76.2% female; median age 48, IQR 32-58 years), we found that after adjusting for seasonal effects, higher PHQ-8 scores were associated with reduced daily steps (β=-93.61, P<.001), increased sleep variability (β=0.96, P<.001), and delayed circadian rhythms (ie, sleep onset: β=0.55, P=.001; sleep offset: β=1.12, P<.001; M10 onset: β=0.73, P=.003; HR acrophase: β=0.71, P=.001). Notably, the negative association with daily steps was more pronounced in spring (β of PHQ-8 × spring = -31.51, P=.002) and summer (β of PHQ-8 × summer = -42.61, P<.001) compared with winter. Additionally, the significant correlation with delayed M10 onset was observed solely in summer (β of PHQ-8 × summer = 1.06, P=.008). Moreover, compared with winter, participants experienced a shorter sleep duration by 16.6 minutes, an increase in daily steps by 394.5, a delay in M10 onset by 20.5 minutes, and a delay in HR peak time by 67.9 minutes during summer.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings highlight significant seasonal influences on human circadian rhythms and their associations with depression, underscoring the importance of considering seasonal variations in mHealth research for real-world applications. This study also indicates the potential of wearable-measured circadian rhythms as digital biomarkers for depression.
Topics: Humans; Seasons; Female; Circadian Rhythm; Male; Wearable Electronic Devices; Adult; Longitudinal Studies; Depression; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Telemedicine
PubMed: 38941600
DOI: 10.2196/55302 -
Medicine Jun 2024Observational studies have reported a relationship between multiple common dermatoses and mental illness. To assess the potential bidirectional causality between 3 skin...
Observational studies have reported a relationship between multiple common dermatoses and mental illness. To assess the potential bidirectional causality between 3 skin disorders (psoriasis, eczema, and urticaria) and 4 psychiatric disorders (bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, and anxiety) in the European population, we used Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis, which provides definitive evidence for causal inference. Eligible single nucleotide polymorphisms were screened for dermatological and psychiatric disorders using a genome-wide association study database. We conducted bidirectional, 2-sample MR analysis using instrumental variables related to psoriasis, eczema, and urticaria as exposure factors, and bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, major depression, and anxiety as outcomes. Reverse MR analysis with bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, major depression, and anxiety as exposure and psoriasis, eczema, and urticaria as outcomes were also performed, and the causality was analyzed using inverse-variance weighting (IVW), MR-Egger, and weighted median methods. To thoroughly assess causality, sensitivity analyses were conducted using the IVW, MR-PRESSO, and MR-Egger methods. The results showed that bipolar disorder increased the incidence of psoriasis (odds ratio = 1.271, 95% confidence interval = 1.003-1.612, P = .047), heterogeneity test with Cochran Q test in the IVW showed P value > .05, (P = .302), the MR-Pleiotropy and MR-PRESSO (outlier methods) in the multiplicity test showed P value > .05, (P = .694; P = .441), and MR-Pleiotropy evidence showed no apparent intercept (intercept = -0.060; SE = 0.139; P = .694). Major depression increased the risk of eczema (odds ratio = 1.002, 95% confidence interval = 1.000-1.004, P = .024), heterogeneity test showed P value > .05, (P = .328), multiplicity detection showed P value > .05, (P = .572; P = .340), and MR-Pleiotropy evidence showed no apparent intercept (intercept = -0.099; SE = 0.162; P = .572). Sensitivity analyses of the above results were reliable, and no heterogeneity or multiplicity was found. This study demonstrated a statistically significant causality between bipolar disorder and psoriasis, major depression, and eczema in a European population, which could provide important information for physicians in the clinical management of common skin conditions.
Topics: Humans; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Psoriasis; Eczema; Europe; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Urticaria; Mental Disorders; Genome-Wide Association Study; Bipolar Disorder; Female; Schizophrenia; Depressive Disorder, Major; Causality; Male
PubMed: 38941419
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000038586 -
International Clinical... Jun 2024Postpartum depression (PPD) is an increasingly prevalent but still poorly characterized disorder. Causal and modulating factors include hormones fluctuations, such as...
Postpartum depression (PPD) is an increasingly prevalent but still poorly characterized disorder. Causal and modulating factors include hormones fluctuations, such as estrogen, progesterone, and allopregnolone, pathways imbalances, such as oxytocin and kynurenine, chronobiological factors, and brain imaging alterations. Treatment may differ from the traditional major depression management, while selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors such as sertraline are commonly used and suggested by guidelines, neurosteroids such as brexanolone and the more convenient zuranolone have been recently approved. Newer neurosteroids such as ganaxolone, valaxanolone, and lysaxanolone are currently under development, but also esketamine and psychedelics are promising potential treatments. Other somatic treatments including brain stimulation techniques and light therapy also showed benefit. PPD is therefore increasingly understood as, at least partially, independent from major depressive disorder. Specific and individualized treatments including pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies are progressively being introduced in the routine clinical practice.
PubMed: 38941162
DOI: 10.1097/YIC.0000000000000560 -
Aging & Mental Health Jun 2024Women are twice as likely to be diagnosed with major depressive disorder as men. Yet suicide rates are four times higher in men than women, increasing to six times when...
OBJECTIVES
Women are twice as likely to be diagnosed with major depressive disorder as men. Yet suicide rates are four times higher in men than women, increasing to six times when comparing older men to older women. Investigators have begun researching if depression presents differently in individuals who adhere to masculine norms, leading to the conceptualization of masculine depression. Despite validity evidence for the Male Depression Risk Scale-22 (MDRS-22) in mixed-age samples, few studies have investigated the possibility of age-related differences in masculine depression. The present study aimed to test for age invariance of the MDRS-22.
METHOD
Age invariance for the MDRS-22 was tested a multi-group confirmatory factor analysis with groups of younger (18-64 years) and older (65+ years) males ( = 469).
RESULTS
Age invariance for the MDRS-22 was not established, ΔX = 451.47, Δd = 16, < 0.001.
CONCLUSION
Results of the study indicate that masculine depression may present differently between younger and older men. To fully understand the construct of masculine depression, it is important to investigate how symptoms may present in individuals of all ages. Overall, the study highlights the importance of investigating how masculine depression may present differently in older men.
PubMed: 38940683
DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2024.2372706 -
Annals of Ibadan Postgraduate Medicine Apr 2024
PubMed: 38939890
DOI: No ID Found -
MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDERS IN PAEDIATRIC SURGICAL PATIENTS: AN OVERVIEW OF THE NIGERIAN ADOLESCENTS.Annals of Ibadan Postgraduate Medicine Apr 2024Less than three decades ago, depression was seen as a predominantly adult disorder as children were considered too developmentally immature to experience depressive...
INTRODUCTION
Less than three decades ago, depression was seen as a predominantly adult disorder as children were considered too developmentally immature to experience depressive disorders, and adolescent low mood was considered as part of 'normal' teenage mood swings. Major depressive disorder in children and adolescents is a serious psychiatric illness especially in paediatric surgical patients. This may be due to their altered metabolic rate and heighten metabolic response to trauma which has significant implications for the psychological development of the child, yet it remains under-recognized and undertreated. The well-being of the care givers is also not left out as the care givers are inundated with the task of sourcing and providing finance for hospital care., in addition to the stress of providing care for the patient. This may result in loss of man hour, sleeplessness, and physical exhaustion associated with caring for these ill children which can ultimately significantly increase the risk of them having depressive episode. The aim of this commentary is to highlight the fact that paediatric surgical patients are not exempt to having a major depressive disorder and the care givers should also be evaluated during hospital admission of their wards.
METHODOLOGY
This is a commentary on depressive disorders among Nigerian paediatric surgical patients. Related publications on children and adolescents presenting to hospital were searched using the domain - Depression in Nigerian adolescent, Paediatric surgery patients on PubMed, Google Scholar, and MEDLINE to appraise this review.
CONCLUSION
Mood disorders, especially depression in children and adolescents have been studied increasingly over the last two decades and surgical conditions worsen the outlook, culminating in increased knowledge about the presentation, and treatment. Despite this, it is still often missed or misdiagnosed because it sometimes presents with uncharacteristic symptoms. Prevalence of depressiion among paediatric surgical patient were found to be between 46-82% in this review among Nigerian patients.
PubMed: 38939881
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma Jun 2024The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of childhood trauma exposure, posttraumatic stress disorder, and trauma-related comorbid diagnoses on the risk for...
The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of childhood trauma exposure, posttraumatic stress disorder, and trauma-related comorbid diagnoses on the risk for readmission to juvenile detention among youth in a large metropolitan area ( = 1282). The following research questions were addressed: 1) Does a greater number of childhood traumas increase the risk for readmission to detention following release? 2) Does the risk for readmission differ by type of trauma? 3) Do PTSD and other co-morbid diagnoses increase the risk for readmission? and 4) What role do demographic factors play in the relationship between trauma-related variables and risk for readmission? This study utilized the screening results of 1282 youth who were voluntarily screened for PTSD, depressive symptoms and substance use during their initial intake to detention. More than half of the sample was readmitted during the three-year study period, with readmissions most likely to occur within one year of release. Returning to detention within one year was also associated with increased risk for multiple readmissions. Youth readmitted to detention were more likely to have a history of sexual abuse and problematic substance use. No other significant relationships were found between risk for readmission and trauma-related variables. Although trauma-related symptoms may be crucial targets for treatment, focusing solely on trauma exposure and traumatic stress symptoms without considering the impact of other risk factors may not be enough to decrease the likelihood of readmission for youth of color in a large urban environment.
PubMed: 38938971
DOI: 10.1007/s40653-023-00596-0