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American Journal of Veterinary Research Jun 2024The disinfection efficiency of disinfectants differs in specific conditions. This study aimed to investigate the disinfection efficiency of commercial hydrogen peroxide,...
OBJECTIVE
The disinfection efficiency of disinfectants differs in specific conditions. This study aimed to investigate the disinfection efficiency of commercial hydrogen peroxide, chlorine dioxide, and chlorine disinfectant on real field surfaces and provide data for precise disinfection.
METHODS
Simulated field disinfection and field disinfection methods were conducted to quantitatively evaluate the disinfection efficiency of hydrogen peroxide, chlorine dioxide, and sodium dichloroisocyanurate. The log10 reduction of biological indicators, Escherichia coli (ATCC 8099) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538), was calculated. Next, the reduction in natural bacteria on the surfaces of a food production and processing workshop and a biosafety laboratory was determined.
RESULTS
The 3 commercial disinfectants evaluated were effective against E coli and S aureus, with a reduction of more than 3.00 log10 colony-forming units/mL tested for an exposure time of 15 minutes with 3.5% hydrogen peroxide, 100 mg/L chlorine dioxide, and 250 mg/L sodium dichloroisocyanurate. The natural load in the food production and processing workshop decreased by more than 90% using 10.5% hydrogen peroxide with an exposure time of 30 minutes. The same disinfection level in the biosafety level 2 laboratory was achieved by 500 mg/L chlorine dioxide at an exposure time of 60 minutes and 450 mg/L sodium dichloroisocyanurate at 60 minutes.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
This study provides a reference for precise disinfection of surfaces in the food industry and biosafety laboratories.
PubMed: 38942065
DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.24.03.0079 -
Journal of Hazardous Materials Jun 2024Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) based on peracetic acid (PAA) displayed great potential in removing emerging contaminants by generating HO and organic radicals....
Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) based on peracetic acid (PAA) displayed great potential in removing emerging contaminants by generating HO and organic radicals. Performic and perpropionic acids (PFA and PPA) also act as disinfectants, but their application potential has not been investigated yet. Here, we investigated the degradation mechanism and kinetics of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) by HO, RC(O)O species (including HC(O)O, CHC(O)O and CHCHC(O)O) and RC(O)OO species (including HC(O)OO, CHC(O)OO and CHCHC(O)OO). The results show that the calculated reaction rate constants of SMX follow the order of HC(O)O > CHC(O)O > CHCHC(O)O > HO > HC(O)OO > CHC(O)OO > CHCHC(O)OO. The reactivity towards SMX is strongly correlated with the redox potentials of reactive radicals. Hence, the RCOO species play dominant roles in the purification of SMX in PFA/PAA/PPA-based AOPs. The degradation of SMX mainly proceeds via addition at the benzene ring, the hydrogen abstraction from the -NH group as well as the single electron transfer reaction. This study highlights the fundamental aspects of PFA, PAA, and PPA in the purification of sulfamethoxazole and enhances the role of organic radicals in the AOPs based on organic peracetic acids.
PubMed: 38941837
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135033 -
Journal of Hazardous Materials Jun 2024Nitrogenous disinfection byproducts (N-DBPs) in water are carcinogenic, teratogenic, and mutagenic. In this work, we developed a biomimetic reduction approach based on...
Nitrogenous disinfection byproducts (N-DBPs) in water are carcinogenic, teratogenic, and mutagenic. In this work, we developed a biomimetic reduction approach based on the cysteine thiol that destructed the highly toxic, select nitrogenous haloacetamides (HAMs) and haloacetonitriles (HANs) while effectively controlling the cytotoxicity of the degradation products to serve as a basis for further technological applications (e.g. immobilized contact bed for terminal users). Mechanisms on toxicity control were elucidated. Results showed the degradation and cytotoxicity control of HAMs as more efficient than that of the HANs. The cytotoxicity of the chlorinated, brominated, and iodinated HAMs and HANs was reduced to 25 %- 0.25 % of the original after biomimetic reduction using a reasonable concentration ratio. Through a combination of thiol-specific reactivity, dehalogenation, and quantitative structure-activity relationship analyses, the major toxicity control mechanisms were found to be the reductive dehalogenation of the N-DBPs. The halogenated functional groups on the N-DBPs had a more pronounced effect than the amide and nitrile groups on the cytotoxicity and detoxification effect. Patterns of toxicity interaction variations with DBPs concentrations were identified to detect possible synergistic cytotoxicity interactions under various combinations of HAMs and HANs in the presence of the cysteine thiol. Results could benefit future N-DBPs control efforts.
PubMed: 38941836
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134983 -
Analytical Chemistry Jun 2024Disinfection byproducts (DBPs) are ubiquitous contaminants present in nearly all drinking water and are associated with adverse health effects in human epidemiologic...
Disinfection byproducts (DBPs) are ubiquitous contaminants present in nearly all drinking water and are associated with adverse health effects in human epidemiologic studies. The most toxic DBPs are unregulated and often occur at concentrations well below regulated DBPs; thus, quantification at low parts-per-trillion (ng/L) levels is critical in assessing exposure. We developed a new liquid-liquid extraction-gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LLE-GC-MS/MS) method with the first analysis by tandem gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of 23 priority unregulated DBPs including 13 haloacetamides, 3 haloacetic acids, 2 haloacetonitriles, 1 haloacetaldehyde, 2 haloketones, and 2 halonitromethanes. When combined with our previous GC-MS/MS method for haloacetic acids and previously reported MS/MS transitions that we optimized for this method, the analysis of 62 regulated and priority unregulated DBPs at lower quantification limits is achieved. Limits of quantification for most DBPs were between 5 and 30 ng/L with > 0.99 and an average of 9 times lower limits of quantification (LOQs) compared to LLE-GC-MS using selected ion monitoring (SIM). Relative standard deviations ranged from 0.7 to 30% for 61 DBPs in spiked samples. This new method was validated using tap waters from four US cities, where individual DBP concentrations ranged from 5 to 126,882 ng/L. This project provides the most comprehensive GC-MS/MS method for DBP analysis to date and is capable of analyzing volatile and semivolatile DBPs across nine different compound classes, including a class not previously analyzed by GC-MS/MS.
PubMed: 38943047
DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c00723 -
Water Research Jun 2024Metals in the drinking water distribution system (DWDS) play an important role on the fate of disinfection by-products (DBPs). They can increase the formation of DBPs... (Review)
Review
Metals in the drinking water distribution system (DWDS) play an important role on the fate of disinfection by-products (DBPs). They can increase the formation of DBPs through several mechanisms, such as enhancing the proportion of reactive halogen species (RHS), catalysing the reaction between natural organic matter (NOM) and RHS through complexation, or by increasing the conversion of NOM into DBP precursors. This review comprehensively summarizes these complex processes, focusing on the most important metals (copper, iron, manganese) in DWDS and their impact on various DBPs. It organizes the dispersed 'metals-DBPs' experimental results into an easily accessible content structure and presents their underlying common or unique mechanisms. Furthermore, the practically valuable application directions of these research findings were analysed, including the toxicity changes of DBPs in DWDS under the influence of metals and the potential enhancement of generalization in DBP model research by the introduction of metals. Overall, this review revealed that the metal environment within DWDS is a crucial factor influencing DBP levels in tap water.
PubMed: 38941679
DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121991 -
Boletin Medico Del Hospital Infantil de... 2024Central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) are among the most epidemiologically relevant health care-associated infections. The aseptic non-touch technique...
BACKGROUND
Central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) are among the most epidemiologically relevant health care-associated infections. The aseptic non-touch technique (ANTT) is a standardized practice used to prevent CLABSIs. In a pediatric hospital, the overall CLABSI rate was 1.92/1000 catheter days (CD). However, in one unit, the rate was 5.7/1000 CD.
METHODS
Nurses were trained in ANTT. For the implementation, plan-do-study-act (PDSA) cycles were completed. Adherence monitoring of the ANTT and epidemiological surveillance were performed.
RESULTS
ANTT adherence of 95% was achieved after 6 PDSA cycles. Hand hygiene and general cleaning reached 100% adherence. Port disinfection and material collection had the lowest adherence rates, with 76.2% and 84.7%, respectively. The CLABSI rate decreased from 5.7 to 1.26/1000 CD.
CONCLUSION
The implementation of ANTT helped reduce the CLABSI rate. Training and continuous monitoring are key to maintaining ANTT adherence.
Topics: Humans; Catheter-Related Infections; Hospitals, Pediatric; Guideline Adherence; Cross Infection; Catheterization, Central Venous; Hand Hygiene; Child; Asepsis; Disinfection
PubMed: 38941636
DOI: 10.24875/BMHIM.23000134 -
Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton,... 2024The proteomic approach plays a key role to characterize a biological system at any given time. In recent years, advances in proteomics have led to an increasing...
The proteomic approach plays a key role to characterize a biological system at any given time. In recent years, advances in proteomics have led to an increasing application in all biological fields, including plant matrices and associated microbiome studies. However, extracting adequate protein samples remains the most critical step for any plant proteomics study. The protein extraction protocols proposed for the phyllosphere involve an initial leaf washing step; however, this is an approach only applicable if interest is restricted to epiphytes. A metaproteomic approach is required to obtain an overall picture and consequently an extraction that considers proteins derived from the plant, epiphytic and endophytic microorganisms. The most commonly used extractions for plant tissue involve the use of phenol or TCA-acetone. However, for efficient protein recovery is essential to remove interfering components abundant in plant tissues, such as polysaccharides, lipids, and phenolic compounds. A well-proven protocol on the basis of a combination of TCA-acetone and phenol extraction is presented here, obtaining some cleaned protein pellets, suitable for electrophoresis and subsequent proteomics studies. Important points for the success of this protocol are (i) a proper sampling and sample preparation, (ii) maintaining samples at a low temperature during extraction and using protease inhibitors, (iii) an initial step in TCA-acetone to remove part of the interfering substances, and (iv) careful recovery of the phenolic phase. Furthermore, the protocol is timesaving and can be completed in one working day.
Topics: Plant Proteins; Proteomics; Plant Leaves; Acetone; Phenol; Plants; Trichloroacetic Acid
PubMed: 38941013
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3910-8_5 -
Clinical Oral Investigations Jun 2024Evaluate the efficacy of denture cleaners on the adhesion of Candida albicans and their effects on the surface, optical, and mechanical properties of resins for...
OBJECTIVES
Evaluate the efficacy of denture cleaners on the adhesion of Candida albicans and their effects on the surface, optical, and mechanical properties of resins for conventional, milled, and 3D-printed denture bases.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A total of 240 resin samples were made, 120 for testing Candida albicans adhesion, optical stabilities (ΔE), roughness (Ra), hydrophilicity (°), surface free energy (Owens-Wendt) and 120 samples for testing Candida albicans adhesion, surface microhardness (Knoop), flexural strength and modulus of elasticity in a three-point test, in which they were divided into 3 groups of denture resin (n = 40) and subdivided into 5 cleaners of dentures (n = 8). Data were evaluated by two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test for multiple comparisons (α = 0.05).
RESULTS
Denture cleaners with an alkaline solution and dilute acid composition were those that showed the greatest effectiveness in reducing Candida albicans (P < 0.001), however 1% NaOCl significantly affected the properties of the resins (P < 0.05). Denture 3D-printed showed that the surface microhardness was significantly lower for all cleansers (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
Listerine demonstrated superior efficacy in reducing Candida albicans with minimal effect on denture properties, whereas 1% NaOCl had a significant negative impact on the properties. The mechanical properties were significantly lower in 3D-printed resin than in other resins for all denture cleansers.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Denture base materials are being sold to adapt to the CAD/CAM system, increasing the number of users of dentures manufactured with this system. Despite this, there is little investigation into denture cleaners regarding the adhesion capacity of microorganisms and the optical, surface and mechanical properties of dentures, thus requiring further investigation.
Topics: Candida albicans; Denture Bases; Denture Cleansers; Surface Properties; Printing, Three-Dimensional; Materials Testing; Computer-Aided Design; Hardness; Flexural Strength; Dental Materials
PubMed: 38940942
DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05801-4 -
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Jun 2024Compounds originating from animal husbandry can pollute surface water through the application of manure to soil. Typically, grab sampling is employed to detect these...
Compounds originating from animal husbandry can pollute surface water through the application of manure to soil. Typically, grab sampling is employed to detect these residues, which only provides information on the concentration at the time of sampling. To better understand the emission patterns of these compounds, we utilized passive samplers in surface water to collect data at eight locations in a Dutch agricultural region, during different time intervals. As a passive sampler, we chose the integrative-based Speedisk® hydrophilic DVB. In total, we targeted 46 compounds, among which 25 antibiotics, three hormones, nine antiparasitics, and nine disinfectants. From these 46 compounds, 22 compounds accumulated in passive samplers in amounts above the limit of quantification in at least one sampling location. Over the 12-week deployment period, a time integrative uptake pattern was identified in 53% of the examined cases, with the remaining 47% not displaying this behavior. The occurrences without this behavior were primarily associated with specific location, particularly the most upstream location, or specific compounds. Our findings suggest that the proposed use of passive samplers, when compared in this limited context to traditional grab sampling, may provide enhanced efficiency and potentially enable the detection of a wider array of compounds. In fact, a number of compounds originating from animal husbandry activities were quantified for the first time in Dutch surface waters, such as flubendazole, florfenicol, and tilmicosine. The set-up of the sampling campaign also allowed to distinguish between different pollution levels during sampling intervals on the same location. This aspect gains particular significance when considering the utilization of different compounds on various occasions, hence, it has the potential to strengthen ongoing monitoring and mitigation efforts.
Topics: Environmental Monitoring; Netherlands; Animal Husbandry; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Animals; Agriculture; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Manure; Disinfectants
PubMed: 38940882
DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12818-5 -
Biomeditsinskaia Khimiia Jun 2024Electrochemical profiling of formaldehyde-inactivated poliovirus particles demonstrated a relationship between the D-antigen concentration and the intensity of the...
Electrochemical profiling of formaldehyde-inactivated poliovirus particles demonstrated a relationship between the D-antigen concentration and the intensity of the maximum amplitude currents of the poliovirus samples. The resultant signal was therefore identified as electrochemical oxidation of the surface proteins of the poliovirus. Using registration of electrooxidation of amino acid residues of the capsid proteins, a comparative electrochemical analysis of poliovirus particles inactivated by electrons accelerated with doses of 5 kGy, 10 kGy, 15 kGy, 25 kGy, 30 kGy at room temperature was carried out. An increase in the radiation dose was accompanied by an increase in electrooxidation signals. A significant increase in the signals of electrooxidation of poliovirus capsid proteins was detected upon irradiation at doses of 15-30 kGy. The data obtained suggest that the change in the profile and increase in the electrooxidation signals of poliovirus capsid proteins are associated with an increase in the degree of structural reorganization of surface proteins and insufficient preservation of the D-antigen under these conditions of poliovirus inactivation.
Topics: Poliovirus; Capsid Proteins; Virus Inactivation; Oxidation-Reduction; Formaldehyde; Humans; Virion
PubMed: 38940205
DOI: 10.18097/PBMC20247003161