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Veterinary and Comparative Oncology Mar 2022Macroscopic thromboembolic disease has been associated with canine neoplasia, whereas prevalence studies of concurrent microthrombi and tumour-cell emboli are lacking....
Macroscopic thromboembolic disease has been associated with canine neoplasia, whereas prevalence studies of concurrent microthrombi and tumour-cell emboli are lacking. This retrospective study investigated microthrombi and tumour cell emboli by reviewing pathology records of dogs diagnosed with lymphoma, sarcoma, carcinoma and mast cell tumours with a concurrent description of thrombi or emboli. Pathology reports and medical records of cases with either tumour biopsies and/or post mortems with a diagnosis of neoplasia were reviewed for the presence of microthrombi, macrothrombi and/or tumour-cell emboli and the association with tumour type. Of the 28 895 canine cases in the database, 21 252 (73.5%) were antemortem biopsy specimens and 7643 were post mortems (26.5%); 2274 solid tumours were identified, 2107 (92.7%) were antemortem biopsy diagnoses and 167 (7.3%) were post mortem diagnoses. The prevalence of solid tumour types in the database (28 895 cases) was 872 (3.0%) lymphoma, 722 (2.5%) sarcoma, 455 (1.6%) carcinoma and 225 (0.8%) mast cell tumour. The prevalence of microthrombi associated with these tumours was 58/2274 (2.6%). Intra-tumoral microthrombi were reported in 53/2274 (2.3%) cases, the majority in sarcomas (37/53, 69.8%). No macrothrombi were reported. Tumour-cell emboli were identified in 39/2274 (1.7%) cases, 31/39 (79.5%) were extra-tumoral or distant emboli, and carcinoma the most commonly associated tumour (29/39; 74.4%). Microthrombi were reported in 2.6% of cases, the majority in sarcomas and tumour-cell emboli were identified in 1.7% of cases, the majority carcinomas. Prospective investigations are necessary to explore the potential clinical and prognostic implications of microthrombi and tumour-cell emboli in canine neoplasia.
Topics: Animals; Carcinoma; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Lymphoma; Prevalence; Prospective Studies; Retrospective Studies; Sarcoma
PubMed: 34314552
DOI: 10.1111/vco.12757 -
Leukemia & Lymphoma Dec 2021
Topics: Adult; Humans; Male; Mast-Cell Sarcoma; Mutation; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53
PubMed: 34261406
DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2021.1950710 -
Journal of Cutaneous Pathology Nov 2021We present a case of an adult male with a solitary mast cell tumor of the skin with unusual nuclear pleomorphism and mitotic activity. The tumor was excised, recurred...
We present a case of an adult male with a solitary mast cell tumor of the skin with unusual nuclear pleomorphism and mitotic activity. The tumor was excised, recurred within 2 years, was reexcised after 4 years and did not recur >6 years after diagnosis. The tumor showed progressive cytonuclear atypia and a high mitotic and proliferation rate by Ki67-staining from the onset. No KIT mutations were identified in the tumor and bone marrow. Serum tryptase levels and a bone marrow aspirate and trephine biopsy were normal. Although the histomorphology of the skin tumor was consistent with mast cell sarcoma, the clinical behavior without systemic progression argued against this diagnosis. The tumor was finally considered as atypical mastocytoma, borderline to mast cell sarcoma. Currently, the patient is in close follow-up and still in complete remission.
Topics: Adult; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Male; Mast-Cell Sarcoma; Mastocytoma, Skin
PubMed: 34152029
DOI: 10.1111/cup.14088 -
Aging May 2021Immune infiltration is a prognostic marker to clinical outcomes in various solid tumors. However, reports that focus on bone and soft tissue sarcoma are rare. The study...
BACKGROUND
Immune infiltration is a prognostic marker to clinical outcomes in various solid tumors. However, reports that focus on bone and soft tissue sarcoma are rare. The study aimed to analyze and identify how immune components influence prognosis and develop a novel prognostic system for sarcomas.
METHODS
We retrieved the gene expression data from 3 online databases (GEO, TCGA, and TARGET). The immune fraction was estimated using the CIBERSORT algorithm. After that, we re-clustered samples by K-means and constructed immunoscore by the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression model. Next, to confirm the prognostic value, nomograms were constructed.
RESULTS
334 samples diagnosed with 8 tumor types (including osteosarcoma) were involved in our analysis. Patients were next re-clustered into three subgroups (OS, SAR1, and SAR2) through immune composition. Survival analysis showed a significant difference between the two soft tissue groups: patients with a higher proportion of CD8+ T cells, macrophages M1, and mast cells had favorable outcomes (p=0.0018). Immunoscore models were successfully established in OS and SAR2 groups consisting of 12 and 9 cell fractions, respectively. We found immunosocre was an independent factor for overall survival time. Patients with higher immunoscore had poor prognosis (p<0.0001). Patients with metastatic lesions scored higher than those counterparts with localized tumors (p<0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
Immune fractions could be a useful tool for the classification and prognosis of bone and soft tissue sarcoma patients. This proposed immunoscore showed a promising impact on survival prediction.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Bone Neoplasms; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; Female; Gene Expression Profiling; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Humans; Kaplan-Meier Estimate; Male; Neoplasm Metastasis; Nomograms; Regression Analysis; Sarcoma; Time Factors
PubMed: 33946044
DOI: 10.18632/aging.202956 -
Porcine Health Management Apr 2021The present paper reviews the occurrence of neoplasms in swine and presents a case series of 56 tumors submitted to the Slaughterhouse Support Network (Servei de Suport...
BACKGROUND
The present paper reviews the occurrence of neoplasms in swine and presents a case series of 56 tumors submitted to the Slaughterhouse Support Network (Servei de Suport a Escorxadors [SESC] IRTA-CReSA]) from slaughtered pigs from 1998 to 2018 (April) in Catalonia (Spain). The aim of the study was to describe the spectrum of spontaneous neoplastic lesions found in slaughtered pigs and to compare the reported tumor cases with previous published data. Lymphoid neoplasms were characterized and classified using the WHO classification adapted for animals.
RESULTS
The most reported neoplasm during this period was lymphoma (28). Within lymphomas, the B-cell type was the most common, being the diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (15/28) the most represented subtype. Other submitted non-lymphoid neoplasms included melanoma (7), nephroblastoma (3), mast cell tumor (2), liposarcoma (2), osteochondromatosis (2), papillary cystadenocarcinoma (1), peripheral nerve sheath tumor (1), lymphoid leukemia (1), fibropapilloma (1), hemangiosarcoma (1), hepatoma (1), histiocytic sarcoma (1), pheochromocytoma (1) and osteosarcoma (1).
CONCLUSIONS
The existence of a well-established Slaughterhouse Support Network allowed the compilation of comprehensive data for further epidemiological and pathological studies, particularly about less commonly reported lesions in livestock such as neoplasms in pigs.
PubMed: 33827694
DOI: 10.1186/s40813-021-00207-0 -
PLoS Genetics Apr 2021Histiocytic sarcoma (HS) is a rare but aggressive cancer in both humans and dogs. The spontaneous canine model, which has clinical, epidemiological, and histological...
Histiocytic sarcoma (HS) is a rare but aggressive cancer in both humans and dogs. The spontaneous canine model, which has clinical, epidemiological, and histological similarities with human HS and specific breed predispositions, provides a unique opportunity to unravel the genetic basis of this cancer. In this study, we aimed to identify germline risk factors associated with the development of HS in canine-predisposed breeds. We used a methodology that combined several genome-wide association studies in a multi-breed and multi-cancer approach as well as targeted next-generation sequencing, and imputation We combined several dog breeds (Bernese mountain dogs, Rottweilers, flat-coated retrievers, and golden retrievers), and three hematopoietic cancers (HS, lymphoma, and mast cell tumor). Results showed that we not only refined the previously identified HS risk CDKN2A locus, but also identified new loci on canine chromosomes 2, 5, 14, and 20. Capture and targeted sequencing of specific loci suggested the existence of regulatory variants in non-coding regions and methylation mechanisms linked to risk haplotypes, which lead to strong cancer predisposition in specific dog breeds. We also showed that these canine cancer predisposing loci appeared to be due to the additive effect of several risk haplotypes involved in other hematopoietic cancers such as lymphoma or mast cell tumors as well. This illustrates the pleiotropic nature of these canine cancer loci as observed in human oncology, thereby reinforcing the interest of predisposed dog breeds to study cancer initiation and progression.
Topics: Animals; Chromosome Mapping; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genome-Wide Association Study; Haplotypes; Hematologic Neoplasms; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Histiocytic Sarcoma; Humans
PubMed: 33793571
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009395 -
Veterinary Pathology Sep 2021Tumor grading is a method to quantify the putative clinical aggressiveness of a neoplasm based on specific histological features. A good grading system should be simple,... (Review)
Review
Tumor grading is a method to quantify the putative clinical aggressiveness of a neoplasm based on specific histological features. A good grading system should be simple, easy to use, reproducible, and accurately segregate tumors into those with low versus high risk. The aim of this review is to summarize the histological and, when available, cytological grading systems applied in veterinary pathology, providing information regarding their prognostic impact, reproducibility, usefulness, and shortcomings. Most of the grading schemes used in veterinary medicine are developed for common tumor entities. Grading systems exist for soft tissue sarcoma, osteosarcoma, multilobular tumor of bone, mast cell tumor, lymphoma, mammary carcinoma, pulmonary carcinoma, urothelial carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, prostatic carcinoma, and central nervous system tumors. The prognostic relevance of many grading schemes has been demonstrated, but for some tumor types the usefulness of grading remains controversial. Furthermore, validation studies are available only for a minority of the grading systems. Contrasting data on the prognostic power of some grading systems, lack of detailed instructions in the materials and methods in some studies, and lack of data on reproducibility and validation studies are discussed for the relevant grading systems. Awareness of the limitations of grading is necessary for pathologists and oncologists to use these systems appropriately and to drive initiatives for their improvement.
Topics: Animals; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell; Kidney Neoplasms; Neoplasm Grading; Prognosis; Reproducibility of Results; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms
PubMed: 33769136
DOI: 10.1177/0300985821999831 -
The Journal of Dermatology May 2021Mastocytosis is a heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by abnormal proliferation of neoplastic mast cells in the skin and/or other extracutaneous tissues. Most...
Mastocytosis is a heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by abnormal proliferation of neoplastic mast cells in the skin and/or other extracutaneous tissues. Most patients with skin involvement can be subclassified into one of the three subtypes of cutaneous mastocytosis currently recognized by the World Health Organization (i.e., mastocytoma, maculopapular cutaneous mastocytosis and diffuse cutaneous mastocytosis); however, some patients may occasionally present with atypical skin lesions that cannot be ascribed to any of these disease subtypes. Here, we report three patients diagnosed with mastocytosis and an unusual cutaneous involvement mimicking Kaposi's sarcoma. Skin biopsies showed neoplastic mast cell infiltrates together with features commonly seen in acroangiodermatitis, and immunohistochemistry for human herpesvirus 8 was negative. One patient fulfilled the criteria for aggressive systemic mastocytosis, showed no response to cytoreductive therapy, and died because of disease progression. The remaining two patients had indolent and smoldering systemic mastocytosis, respectively, but they showed several features associated with an unfavorable prognosis such as extensive involvement of the hematopoiesis by the KIT D816V mutation, increased serum β2-microglobulin, and decreased serum lactate dehydrogenase. The presence of pseudo-Kaposi's sarcoma skin lesions is an uncommon finding in mastocytosis which may alert physicians to the possible existence of underlying features indicative of a poor prognosis.
Topics: Humans; Mast Cells; Mastocytosis; Mastocytosis, Cutaneous; Mastocytosis, Systemic; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit; Sarcoma, Kaposi
PubMed: 33684229
DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.15734 -
Leukemia & Lymphoma Jul 2021
Topics: Humans; Lymphoma, B-Cell; Mast-Cell Sarcoma; Mastocytosis, Systemic; Myelodysplastic-Myeloproliferative Diseases; Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia
PubMed: 33583311
DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2021.1885661 -
Topics in Companion Animal Medicine Mar 2021Strong to moderate vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression may be a negative prognostic factor in canine mast cell tumors (MCTs). This study set out to...
Strong to moderate vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression may be a negative prognostic factor in canine mast cell tumors (MCTs). This study set out to determine the prognostic value of combined analysis of VEGF-A immunoreactivity, clinical presentation, patient staging, and tumor histologic grade in canine MCTs. In this study, intense VEGF staining was significantly associated with decreased survival (P = .025). Immunohistochemical expression of VEGF is not routinely employed as a prognostic factor in canine MCT workup. However, results of this study support the inclusion of this marker in the MCT prognostic panel. Investigation of VEGF expression may assist in the development of anti-VEGF drugs.
Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Biomarkers, Tumor; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Immunohistochemistry; Mast Cells; Mast-Cell Sarcoma; Prognosis; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
PubMed: 33348010
DOI: 10.1016/j.tcam.2020.100506