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BMC Public Health Jun 2024As the number of adolescent cancer survivors increases, detailed and effective healthcare policies on adolescent cancer survivors returning to school and workplace are...
BACKGROUND
As the number of adolescent cancer survivors increases, detailed and effective healthcare policies on adolescent cancer survivors returning to school and workplace are needed. The study aimed to explore the perception of healthy adolescents on cancer and adolescent cancer survivors.
METHODS
This study conducted a face-to-face cross-sectional study in the Republic of Korea in 2021 on adolescent selected through proportional population allocation sampling by sex, age, and region. According to research questions, survey questionnaire organized and collected data on adolescents' perceptions of cancer, differences in perceptions from tuberculosis, measles, asthma, perceptions of adolescent cancer survivors, and health information sources that led to these perceptions.
RESULTS
Of the total 500 adolescents, less than 10% of healthy adolescents responded that cancer is contagious, while three-quarters of the respondents believed that cancer is preventable. In addition, compared to tuberculosis, measles, and asthma, they recognized differences by disease. The majority of healthy adolescents embraced community values advocating the return of adolescent cancer survivors to school and work. However, they expressed a negative view of the situation in which adolescent cancer survivors could interact with them as classmates or co-workers. Adolescents mainly obtained health information on cancer from the Internet and television, CONCLUSIONS: The perception of healthy adolescents on cancer was relatively accurate; however, they have dualistic thinking involving living with adolescent cancer survivors. To facilitate reintegration of adolescent cancer survivors into daily lives, education is needed for healthy adolescents to live with cancer survivors.
Topics: Humans; Cross-Sectional Studies; Adolescent; Cancer Survivors; Male; Female; Republic of Korea; Neoplasms; Surveys and Questionnaires; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice
PubMed: 38918737
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19192-4 -
PloS One 2024Measles is a highly contagious disease with the potential for severe complications. Despite the availability of effective vaccines, there have been recurrent measles...
BACKGROUND
Measles is a highly contagious disease with the potential for severe complications. Despite the availability of effective vaccines, there have been recurrent measles outbreaks in Germany over the past decades. In response, a new measles vaccine mandate was introduced on March 1, 2020, aimed at closing vaccination gaps in high-risk populations. This study evaluates the mandate's implementation, identifies operational challenges, assesses the impact of the Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, and investigates expert attitudes towards the new policy.
METHODS
Semi-structured expert interviews were conducted with staff members of 16 different local health departments in Germany. The interviews, carried out in April and May 2021, were electronically recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using the Framework method.
RESULTS
The implementation of the measles vaccine mandate in local health departments varied substantially. Challenges in implementing the mandate primarily arose from uncertainties regarding procedural specifics, such as handling fraudulent medical certificates and imposing sanctions, leading to a call from many interviewees for uniform guidelines to ensure coherent implementation. At the time the measles vaccine mandate came into force, managing the Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic was a priority in most local health departments, often delaying the implementation of the mandate. Despite the difficulties encountered, most experts considered the mandate to be an effective step towards measles elimination.
CONCLUSIONS
The measles vaccine mandate has imposed a new responsibility on staff in German local health departments, which is associated with implementation challenges such as procedural uncertainties and vaccine hesitancy, but also the Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic as a contextual impediment. Significant differences in the implementation approach underscore the need for harmonization to enhance implementation efficiency and public acceptance of the mandate. Despite the mandate's potential to increase vaccination rates, our findings advocate for a comprehensive approach, incorporating public education, accessible vaccination, and measures to address social disparities.
Topics: Humans; Germany; Measles Vaccine; Measles; COVID-19; Vaccination; Qualitative Research; SARS-CoV-2; Pandemics
PubMed: 38917137
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0306003 -
Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy :... Jun 2024This Phase III, multicenter, open-label, single-arm study evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) combined vaccine, JVC-001, as a...
Phase III, open-label, single-arm study of a new MMR vaccine (JVC-001); measles AIK-C, mumps RIT 4385, rubella Takahashi, as a second vaccine dose in healthy Japanese children aged 5-6 years.
PURPOSE
This Phase III, multicenter, open-label, single-arm study evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) combined vaccine, JVC-001, as a second MMR vaccination.
METHODS
Healthy Japanese children aged 5-6 years received a single dose of JVC-001 following a first measles, mumps, and rubella vaccination (measles-rubella bivalent and mumps monovalent vaccine [Hoshino or Torii strain] or JVC-001) or the MMR vaccine received between ages 1 to <4 years. Immunogenicity was evaluated using antibody titers before and after vaccination (Day 1/Day 43). The primary endpoint was the seroprotection rate of antibody titers against each virus; geometric mean titer (GMT) was also evaluated. Adverse events (AEs) and adverse drug reactions (ADRs) were monitored.
RESULTS
One-hundred participants completed the study. The seroprotection rate of antibody titers against measles, rubella, and mumps virus (genotype D) were 100.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] 96.4%, 100.0%), 100.0% (95% CI 96.4%, 100.0%), and 100.0% (95% CI 96.3%, 100.0%), respectively. GMT (fold) increases (Day 1 to Day 43) were 16.0 to 55.7 for measles virus, 35.5 to 99.0 for rubella virus, and 25.7 to 89.5 for mumps virus (genotype D). Solicited ADRs occurred in 40.0% of participants (injection site, 34.0%; systemic, 13.0%).
CONCLUSIONS
The second MMR vaccination with JVC-001 demonstrated sufficient antibody coverage against all three viruses; the safety profile was tolerable.
CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION
jRCT2080225022.
PubMed: 38906375
DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2024.06.011 -
JMIR Medical Informatics Jun 2024Vaccines serve as a crucial public health tool, although vaccine hesitancy continues to pose a significant threat to full vaccine uptake and, consequently, community...
BACKGROUND
Vaccines serve as a crucial public health tool, although vaccine hesitancy continues to pose a significant threat to full vaccine uptake and, consequently, community health. Understanding and tracking vaccine hesitancy is essential for effective public health interventions; however, traditional survey methods present various limitations.
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to create a real-time, natural language processing (NLP)-based tool to assess vaccine sentiment and hesitancy across 3 prominent social media platforms.
METHODS
We mined and curated discussions in English from Twitter (subsequently rebranded as X), Reddit, and YouTube social media platforms posted between January 1, 2011, and October 31, 2021, concerning human papillomavirus; measles, mumps, and rubella; and unspecified vaccines. We tested multiple NLP algorithms to classify vaccine sentiment into positive, neutral, or negative and to classify vaccine hesitancy using the World Health Organization's (WHO) 3Cs (confidence, complacency, and convenience) hesitancy model, conceptualizing an online dashboard to illustrate and contextualize trends.
RESULTS
We compiled over 86 million discussions. Our top-performing NLP models displayed accuracies ranging from 0.51 to 0.78 for sentiment classification and from 0.69 to 0.91 for hesitancy classification. Explorative analysis on our platform highlighted variations in online activity about vaccine sentiment and hesitancy, suggesting unique patterns for different vaccines.
CONCLUSIONS
Our innovative system performs real-time analysis of sentiment and hesitancy on 3 vaccine topics across major social networks, providing crucial trend insights to assist campaigns aimed at enhancing vaccine uptake and public health.
PubMed: 38904984
DOI: 10.2196/57164 -
Nature Microbiology Jun 2024
PubMed: 38902375
DOI: 10.1038/s41564-024-01741-7 -
Enfermedades Infecciosas Y... Jun 2024Almost 281 million people were living in a foreign country in 2022, and more than 100 million were displaced because of war conflicts and human right violations....
INTRODUCTION
Almost 281 million people were living in a foreign country in 2022, and more than 100 million were displaced because of war conflicts and human right violations. Vaccination coverage of infectious diseases in migrants from some disadvantaged settings could be lower than reception countries populations, consequently seroprevalence studies and better access to vaccination could contribute to reducing these differences.
METHODS
A descriptive retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted including migrants, living ≤5 years in the reception country and ≥16 years old, who requested a medical exam between January 1st, 2020 and January 31st, 2021. Seroprevalence assessment was performed, and vaccination was offered to those individuals without immunity to hepatitis B, hepatitis A, varicella, measles, mumps, and rubella.
RESULTS
A total of 315 migrants were attended during the study period. Immunity protection at arrival was 252/296 (85.1%) for measles, 274/295 (92.9%) for rubella, 257/296 (86.8%) for mumps, 264/295 (89.5%) for varicella, 267/313 (85.3%) for hepatitis A, and 104/300 (34.6%) for hepatitis B. The final immunity protection after full vaccination schedules was 278/296 (93.9%) for measles, 287/295 (97.3%) for rubella, 274/296 (92.6%) for mumps, 276/295 (93.6%) for varicella, 280/313 (89.5%) for hepatitis A, and 139/300 (46.3%) for hepatitis B.
CONCLUSIONS
The vaccination intervention has increased immunity rates for the studied diseases in the attended migrants in our center, however, such interventions should be maintained to reach local population immunization levels. Moreover, the collaboration between shelter and reference specialized health centers is fundamental to implement such vaccination programs.
PubMed: 38902155
DOI: 10.1016/j.eimce.2024.04.010 -
American Journal of Transplantation :... Jun 2024Infections preventable by live virus vaccines are surging in the setting of decreased herd immunity. Many children with chronic liver diseases (CLD) are unimmunized and...
Infections preventable by live virus vaccines are surging in the setting of decreased herd immunity. Many children with chronic liver diseases (CLD) are unimmunized and at increased risk for infection due to guidelines recommending against live vaccines within 4 weeks pre-transplant. This prospective study of 21 children with CLD and 13 healthy controls defined the timing of measles and varicella RNA- and DNA-emia following vaccination and compared immune responses to measles and varicella vaccines in both groups. Measles RNA and varicella DNA real-time PCR were measured weekly following vaccination; measles RNA was undetectable in all by 14 days post-vaccination, but varicella DNA, which can be managed with antivirals, was detected in one child in the CLD group at 21 days and one control at 28 days post-vaccination. Humoral or cell-mediated vaccine response was 100% to measles and 94% to varicella in the CLD group post-vaccination, while it was 100% to both vaccines in controls. Our pilot study suggests that both live vaccines can be safely and effectively administered up to 14-days prior to transplantation in children with CLD. We anticipate this will improve vaccination rates and thus decrease rates of vaccine preventable infections in vulnerable children with CLD.
PubMed: 38901562
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajt.2024.06.011 -
The American Journal of Nursing Jul 2024More than half have required hospitalization.
More than half have required hospitalization.
Topics: Humans; Measles; United States; Hospitalization; Child; Disease Outbreaks
PubMed: 38900111
DOI: 10.1097/01.NAJ.0001025600.52198.01 -
Health Science Reports Jun 2024Airborne diseases due to climate change pose significant public health challenges in Bangladesh. Little was known about the spatio-temporal pattern of airborne diseases...
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Airborne diseases due to climate change pose significant public health challenges in Bangladesh. Little was known about the spatio-temporal pattern of airborne diseases at the district level in the country. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the spatio-temporal pattern and associated meteorological factors of airborne diseases in Bangladesh using exploratory analysis and spatial regression models.
METHODS
This study used district-level reported cases of airborne diseases (meningococcal, measles, mumps, influenza, tuberculosis, and encephalitis) and meteorological data (temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and precipitation) from 2017 to 2020. Geospatial mapping and spatial error regression models were utilized to analyze the data.
RESULTS
From 2017 to 2020, a total of 315 meningococcal, 5159 measles, 1341 mumps, 346 influenza, 4664 tuberculosis, and 229 encephalitis cases were reported in Bangladesh. Among airborne diseases, measles demonstrated the highest prevalence, featuring a higher incidence rate in the coastal Bangladeshi districts of Lakshmipur, Patuakhali, and Cox's Bazar, as well as in Maulvibazar and Bandarban districts from 2017 to 2020. In contrast, tuberculosis (TB) emerged as the second most prevalent disease, with a higher incidence rate observed in districts such as Khagrachhari, Rajshahi, Tangail, Bogra, and Sherpur. The spatial error regression model revealed that among climate variables, mean ( = 9.56, standard error [SE]: 3.48) and maximum temperature ( = 1.19, SE: 0.40) were significant risk factors for airborne diseases in Bangladesh. Maximum temperature positively influenced measles ( = 2.74, SE: 1.39), whereas mean temperature positively influenced both meningococcal ( = 5.57, SE: 2.50) and mumps ( = 11.99, SE: 3.13) diseases.
CONCLUSION
The findings from the study provide insights for planning early warning, prevention, and control strategies to combat airborne diseases in Bangladesh and similar endemic countries. Preventive measures and enhanced monitoring should be taken in some high-risk districts for airborne diseases in the country.
PubMed: 38899002
DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.2176 -
BMC Public Health Jun 2024To control resurging infectious diseases like mumps, it is necessary to resort to effective control and preventive measures. These measures include increasing vaccine...
BACKGROUND
To control resurging infectious diseases like mumps, it is necessary to resort to effective control and preventive measures. These measures include increasing vaccine coverage, providing the community with advice on how to reduce exposure, and closing schools. To justify such intervention, it is important to understand how well each of these measures helps to limit transmission.
METHODS
In this paper, we propose a simple SEILR (susceptible-exposed-symptomatically infectious-asymptomatically infectious-recovered) model by using a novel transmission rate function to incorporate temperature, humidity, and closing school factors. This new transmission rate function allows us to verify the impact of each factor either separately or combined. Using reported mumps cases from 2004 to 2018 in the mainland of China, we perform data fitting and parameter estimation to evaluate the basic reproduction number . As a wide range of one-dose measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine programs in China started only in 2008, we use different vaccination proportions for the first Stage I period (from 2004 to 2008) and the second Stage II period (from 2009 to 2018). This allows us to verify the importance of higher vaccine coverage with a possible second dose of MMR vaccine.
RESULTS
We find that the basic reproduction number is generally between 1 and 3. We then use the Akaike Information Criteria to assess the extent to which each of the three factors contributed to the spread of mumps. The findings suggest that the impact of all three factors is substantial, with temperature having the most significant impact, followed by school opening and closing, and finally humidity.
CONCLUSION
We conclude that the strategy of increasing vaccine coverage, changing micro-climate (temperature and humidity), and closing schools can greatly reduce mumps transmission.
Topics: China; Humans; Mumps; Humidity; Schools; Temperature; Epidemics; Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine; Child; Adolescent; Child, Preschool; Basic Reproduction Number
PubMed: 38898424
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18819-w