-
Mikrochimica Acta May 2024A novel aptamer-based sensor was developed using the signal amplification strategy of ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) and polyethyleneimine modified...
Highly sensitive electrochemical quantification of carbendazim via synergistic enhancement of ring-opening metathesis polymerization and polyethyleneimine modified graphene oxide.
A novel aptamer-based sensor was developed using the signal amplification strategy of ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) and polyethyleneimine modified graphene oxide to achieve trace detection of carbendazim (CBZ). The dual identification of aptamer and antibody was used to avoid false positive results and improve the selectivity. Polyethyleneimine modified graphene oxide (GO-PEI), as a substrate material with excellent conductivity, was modified on the surface of a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) to increase the grafting amount of aptamer on the electrode surface. Moreover, a large number of cyclopentenyl ferrocene (CFc) was aggregated to form long polymer chains through ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP), so as to significantly improve the detection sensitivity of the biosensor. The linear range of this sensor was 1 pg/mL-100 ng/mL with a detection limit as low as 7.80 fg/mL. The sensor exhibited excellent reproducibility and stability, and also achieved satisfactory results in actual sample detection. The design principle of such a sensor could provide innovative ideas for sensors in the detection of other types of targets.
Topics: Graphite; Carbamates; Electrochemical Techniques; Limit of Detection; Polyethyleneimine; Polymerization; Biosensing Techniques; Benzimidazoles; Aptamers, Nucleotide; Electrodes; Reproducibility of Results
PubMed: 38805077
DOI: 10.1007/s00604-024-06412-2 -
Genomics Jul 2024Fusarium graminearum is an economically important phytopathogenic fungus. Chemical control remains the dominant approach to managing this plant pathogen. In the present... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Fusarium graminearum is an economically important phytopathogenic fungus. Chemical control remains the dominant approach to managing this plant pathogen. In the present study, we performed a comparative transcriptome analysis to understand the effects of four commercially used fungicides on F. graminearum. The results revealed a significant number of differentially expressed genes related to carbohydrate, amino acid, and lipid metabolism, particularly in the carbendazim and phenamacril groups. Central carbon pathways, including the TCA and glyoxylate cycles, were found to play crucial roles across all treatments except tebuconazole. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis reinforced the pivotal role of central carbon pathways based on identified hub genes. Additionally, critical candidates associated with ATP-binding cassette transporters, heat shock proteins, and chitin synthases were identified. The crucial functions of the isocitrate lyase in F. graminearum were also validated. Overall, the study provided comprehensive insights into the mechanisms of how F. graminearum responds to fungicide stress.
Topics: Fusarium; Fungicides, Industrial; Fungal Proteins; Transcriptome; Isocitrate Lyase; Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; Gene Expression Profiling
PubMed: 38797456
DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2024.110869 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) May 2024Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a promising technique for sensitive detection. The design and optimization of plasma-enhanced structures for SERS...
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a promising technique for sensitive detection. The design and optimization of plasma-enhanced structures for SERS applications is an interesting challenge. In this study, we found that the SERS activity of MXene (TiCT) can be improved by adding Au nanoparticles (NPs) in a simple photoreduction process. Fluoride-salt-etched MXene was deposited by drop-casting on a glass slide, and Au NPs were formed by the photocatalytic growth of gold(III) chloride trihydrate solutions under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. The Au-MXene substrate formed by Au NPs anchored on the TiCT sheet produced significant SERS through the synergistic effect of chemical and electromagnetic mechanisms. The structure and size of the Au-decorated MXene depended on the reaction time. When the MXene films were irradiated with a large number of UV photons, the size of the Au NPs increased. Hot spots were formed in the nanoscale gaps between the Au NPs, and the abundant surface functional groups of the MXene effectively adsorbed and interacted with the probe molecules. Simultaneously, as a SERS substrate, the proposed Au-MXene composite exhibited a wider linear range of 10-10 mol/L for detecting carbendazim. In addition, the enhancement factor of the optimized SERS substrate Au-MXene was 1.39 × 10, and its relative standard deviation was less than 13%. This study provides a new concept for extending experimental strategies to further improve the performance of SERS.
PubMed: 38792245
DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102383 -
Journal of Agricultural and Food... May 2024The pursuit of new succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) inhibitors is a leading edge in fungicide research and development. The use of 3D quantitative structure-activity...
The pursuit of new succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) inhibitors is a leading edge in fungicide research and development. The use of 3D quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) models significantly enhances the development of compounds with potent antifungal properties. In this study, we leveraged the natural product coumarin as a molecular scaffold to synthesize 74 novel 3-coumarin hydrazide derivatives. Notably, compounds (0.28 μg/mL), (0.32 μg/mL), and (0.48 μg/mL) exhibited exceptional in vitro effectiveness against , outperforming the commonly used fungicide boscalid (0.52 μg/mL). Furthermore, compounds (0.88 μg/mL), (0.61 μg/mL), (0.65 μg/mL), and (1.11 μg/mL) showed significant activity against , surpassing both the SDHI fungicide boscalid (43.45 μg/mL) and the broad-spectrum fungicide carbendazim (2.15 μg/mL). Molecular docking studies and SDH enzyme assays indicate that compound may serve as a promising SDHI fungicide. Our ongoing research aims to refine this 3D-QSAR model further, enhance molecular design, and conduct additional bioactivity assays.
Topics: Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship; Coumarins; Fungicides, Industrial; Rhizoctonia; Succinate Dehydrogenase; Colletotrichum; Molecular Structure; Enzyme Inhibitors; Fungal Proteins; Hydrazines; Molecular Docking Simulation; Halogenation; Antifungal Agents
PubMed: 38752540
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00200 -
EFSA Journal. European Food Safety... May 2024Carbendazim (CBZ) is an active substance in plant protection products that is no longer authorised within the European Union. CBZ is classified according to Regulation...
Carbendazim (CBZ) is an active substance in plant protection products that is no longer authorised within the European Union. CBZ is classified according to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 as mutagenic, category 1B and toxic for reproduction, category 1B. In 2010, EFSA established consumers' health-based guidance values (HBGVs) for CBZ (ADI and ARfD). In compliance with Article 43 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005, the European Commission asked EFSA on 1 March 2024 to carry out a follow-up qualitative assessment of the data gaps that were identified in the studies used in the framework of the assessment of the HBGVs for CBZ, in order to confirm the reliability of the existing toxicological studies and their impact for the setting of the HBGVs. By considering missing information in the extensive database and the reliability of the available toxicological studies, EFSA concluded that missing information does not prevent setting of HBGVs and that the critical effects of CBZ were investigated in studies of sufficient reliability and acceptability. Therefore, the HBGVs derived in 2010 are protective for the consumers.
PubMed: 38741670
DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8756 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2023Peanut , commonly referred to as or , is caused by a range of species. A strain of bacteria (named TG5) was isolated from crop rhizosphere soil in Mount Taishan,...
Peanut , commonly referred to as or , is caused by a range of species. A strain of bacteria (named TG5) was isolated from crop rhizosphere soil in Mount Taishan, Shandong Province, China, through whole genome sequencing that TG5 was identified as , which can specifically produce chloramphenicol, bacitracin, clarithromycin, lichen VKA and bacitracin, with good biological control potential. Based on liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry metabonomics analysis and transcriptome conjoint analysis, the mechanism of TG5 and carbendazim inducing peanut plants to resist stress was studied. In general, for peanut caused by , TG5 has greater advantages than carbendazim and is environmentally friendly. These findings provide new insights for peanut crop genetics and breeding, and for microbial pesticides to replace traditional highly toxic and highly polluting chemical pesticides. Based on the current background of agricultural green cycle and sustainable development, it has significant practical significance and broad application prospects.
PubMed: 38725557
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1251660 -
The Science of the Total Environment Jul 2024Contaminants of emerging concern (CECs), including microplastics, have been the focus of many studies due to their environmental impact, affecting biota and human...
Contaminants of emerging concern (CECs), including microplastics, have been the focus of many studies due to their environmental impact, affecting biota and human health. The diverse land uses and occupation of watersheds are important parameters driving the occurrence of these contaminants. CECs such as pesticides, drugs, hormones, and industrial-origin substances were analyzed in urban/industrial (Atibaia) and agricultural (Preto/Turvo) watersheds located in São Paulo state, Brazil. A total of 24 CECs were investigated, and, as a result, only 5 (caffeine, carbendazim, atrazine, ametrine and 2-hydroxytrazine) were responsible for 81.73 % of the statistical difference between watersheds contamination profile. The Atibaia watershed presented considerable concentrations of caffeine (ranging from 75 to 2025 ng L), while carbendazim (44 to 1144 ng L) and atrazine (3 to 266 ng L) presented highest levels in Preto/Turvo watershed. In all sampling points, the cumulative potential aquatic life risk assessed by the NORMAN database indicates some level of environmental concern associated to pesticides and caffeine (risk quotient >1). Microplastics had been analyzed in both watersheds, being the white/transparent fragments in size between 100 and 250 μm the most detected in this study. The estimated abundance in the Atibaia watershed ranged from 349 to 2898 items m presenting some influence of pluviosity, while in Rio Preto/Turvo ranged from 169 to 6370 items m, being more abundant in the dam area without a clear influence of pluviosity. In both basins, polyethylene and polypropylene were the most detected polymers, probably due to the intense use of single-use plastics in urban areas. Possibly, due to the distinct physic-chemical properties of microplastics and organic CECs, no correlations were observed between their occurrence, which makes us conclude that they have different transport mechanism, behavior, and fate in the environment.
Topics: Brazil; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Environmental Monitoring; Microplastics; Agriculture; Pesticides
PubMed: 38723955
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173025 -
Journal of Agricultural and Food... May 2024Eleven alkaloids (-) including seven new ones, -, were isolated from the solid fermentation of VDL36, an endophytic fungus isolated from the leaves of Wight...
Eleven alkaloids (-) including seven new ones, -, were isolated from the solid fermentation of VDL36, an endophytic fungus isolated from the leaves of Wight (Ericaceae), a perennial evergreen shrub distributed across the Southwest regions of China, Myanmar, and Vietnam. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic methods. The isolates were evaluated for antifungal activities against five phytopathogenic fungi (, , , , ). As a result, the new compounds fumigaclavine I (), 13-ethoxycyclotryprostatin A (), 13-dehydroxycyclotryprostatin A (), and 12β-hydroxy-13-oxofumitremorgin C () exhibited antifungal activities with MIC values of 7.8-62.5 μg/mL which were comparable to the two positive controls ketoconazole (MIC = 7.8-31.25 μg/mL) and carbendazim (MIC = 1.95-7.8 μg/mL). Furthermore, compounds and demonstrated potent protective and curative effects against the tomato gray mold . Preliminary structure-activity relationships of the tested indole diketopiperazine alkaloids indicate that the introduction of a substituent group at position C-13 enhances their biological activities.
Topics: Alkaloids; Aspergillus fumigatus; Endophytes; Molecular Structure; Fusarium; Fungicides, Industrial; Plant Leaves; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; China; Plant Diseases
PubMed: 38708787
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00371 -
PLoS Pathogens May 2024Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by Fusarium graminearum species complexes (FGSG), is an epidemic disease in wheat and poses a serious threat to wheat production and...
FgPfn participates in vegetative growth, sexual reproduction, pathogenicity, and fungicides sensitivity via affecting both microtubules and actin in the filamentous fungus Fusarium graminearum.
Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by Fusarium graminearum species complexes (FGSG), is an epidemic disease in wheat and poses a serious threat to wheat production and security worldwide. Profilins are a class of actin-binding proteins that participate in actin depolymerization. However, the roles of profilins in plant fungal pathogens remain largely unexplored. Here, we identified FgPfn, a homolog to profilins in F. graminearum, and the deletion of FgPfn resulted in severe defects in mycelial growth, conidia production, and pathogenicity, accompanied by marked disruptions in toxisomes formation and deoxynivalenol (DON) transport, while sexual development was aborted. Additionally, FgPfn interacted with Fgα1 and Fgβ2, the significant components of microtubules. The organization of microtubules in the ΔFgPfn was strongly inhibited under the treatment of 0.4 μg/mL carbendazim, a well-known group of tubulin interferers, resulting in increased sensitivity to carbendazim. Moreover, FgPfn interacted with both myosin-5 (FgMyo5) and actin (FgAct), the targets of the fungicide phenamacril, and these interactions were reduced after phenamacril treatment. The deletion of FgPfn disrupted the normal organization of FgMyo5 and FgAct cytoskeleton, weakened the interaction between FgMyo5 and FgAct, and resulting in increased sensitivity to phenamacril. The core region of the interaction between FgPfn and FgAct was investigated, revealing that the integrity of both proteins was necessary for their interaction. Furthermore, mutations in R72, R77, R86, G91, I101, A112, G113, and D124 caused the non-interaction between FgPfn and FgAct. The R86K, I101E, and D124E mutants in FgPfn resulted in severe defects in actin organization, development, and pathogenicity. Taken together, this study revealed the role of FgPfn-dependent cytoskeleton in development, DON production and transport, fungicides sensitivity in F. graminearum.
Topics: Microtubules; Fusarium; Actins; Plant Diseases; Fungal Proteins; Triticum; Fungicides, Industrial; Spores, Fungal; Reproduction
PubMed: 38701108
DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012215 -
International Journal of Food... Jun 2024Most of the research on the characterization of Fusarium species focused on wheat, barley, rice, and maize in China. However, there has been limited research in highland...
Most of the research on the characterization of Fusarium species focused on wheat, barley, rice, and maize in China. However, there has been limited research in highland barley (qingke). Recently, Fusarium head blight (FHB) of qingke was recently observed in Tibet, China, especially around the Brahmaputra River. To gain a better understanding of the pathogens involver, 201 Fusarium isolates were obtained from qingke samples in 2020. Among these isolates, the most abundant species was F. avenaceum (45.3 %), followed by F. equiseti (27.8 %), F. verticillioides (13.9 %), F. acuminatum (9.0 %), F. flocciferum (3.5 %), and F. proliferatum (0.5 %). The distribution of Fusarium species varied along the Brahmaputra River, with F. avenaceum being predominant in the midstream and downstream regions, while F. equiseti was more common in the upstream region. Chemical analyses of all the isolates revealed the production of different mycotoxins by various Fusarium species. It was found that enniatins were produced by F. acuminatum, F. avenaceum, and F. flocciferum, beauvericin (BEA) and fumonisins were produced F. proliferatum and F. verticillioides, and zearalenone (ZEN) and nivalenol (NIV) were produced by F. equiseti. Pathogenicity test showed that F. avenaceum was more aggressive in causing FHB compared to F. acuminatum, F. equiseti, and F. flocciferum. The disease severity, measured by the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC), was significantly positively (P < 0.01) correlated with the concentration of total toxins produced by each species. Furthermore, all the Fusarium strains which were used for pathogenicity test were susceptible to carbendazim, and the 50 % effective concentration (EC) ranged from 0.406 μg/mL to 0.673 μg/mL with an average EC of 0.551 ± 0.012 μg/mL.
Topics: Fusarium; Hordeum; Tibet; Plant Diseases; Mycotoxins
PubMed: 38696987
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2024.110728