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Cureus Sep 2021Endocrine disorders are known to involve all organ systems of the body, including the skin. The cutaneous manifestations of endocrine disorders can range from common... (Review)
Review
Endocrine disorders are known to involve all organ systems of the body, including the skin. The cutaneous manifestations of endocrine disorders can range from common findings such as acanthosis nigricans, pretibial myxedema, acne, hirsutism, hyper or hypopigmentation to rare cutaneous findings such as miliaria rubra, calciphylaxis, lentigines, and calcinosis cutis. These cutaneous symptoms can sometimes be the presenting symptoms or can even be pathognomonic of the underlying endocrine condition. In some cases, the cutaneous symptoms from an underlying endocrine abnormality may be the most prominent. These symptoms can significantly affect the quality of life of individuals. Often, individuals may seek health care from a dermatologist or primary care physician for isolated skin symptoms. Therefore, it is imperative for physicians to recognize the skin symptoms as the manifestation of the endocrine disorder for prompt diagnosis and treatment of the underlying endocrine disorder.
PubMed: 34692360
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.18327 -
Journal of the European Academy of... Jan 2022Enhancing the skin barrier in high-risk neonates by daily use of emollients during infancy might prevent atopic dermatitis (AD); however, there have been no studies on... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
Enhancing the skin barrier in high-risk neonates by daily use of emollients during infancy might prevent atopic dermatitis (AD); however, there have been no studies on this topic in a country with a tropical climate. Climate may affect the results of the use of emollients in neonates for AD prevention and possible adverse cutaneous eruptions.
OBJECTIVES
To test the hypothesis that emollients used during infancy can prevent AD in high-risk neonates in a country with a tropical climate and to evaluate other possible adverse cutaneous eruptions in this population.
METHODS
This was a randomized controlled study in a tertiary care hospital with a 6 months' duration. Eligible neonates were randomly assigned to receive either emollient and skincare advice (emollient group) or skincare advice only (control group). The intervention was started within 3 weeks of birth.
RESULTS
The emollient group showed a significant reduction in the cumulative incidence of AD at 6 months (relative risk, 0.39; 95% CI 0.24-0.64; P < 0.001). The emollient group started to develop AD later and had a lower severity of AD than the control group (P < 0.001). Compared to moderate adherence, low adherence to emollient application was associated with a lower number of patients with AD (P = 0.008). Potentially emollient-related cutaneous eruptions, such as miliaria, and suspected cutaneous infections, such as impetigo, were more frequent in the emollient group. Exposure to passive smoking showed a significant difference in the development of AD compared to non-smoking exposure, both during pregnancy and after the child's birth (P < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
This study suggests that, in a tropical climate, emollient applied to the skin of at-risk neonates on an 'as needed' basis (depending on environmental factors, level of skin dryness), rather than on a 'daily basis', can provide a substantial benefit for AD prevention.
Topics: Child; Dermatitis, Atopic; Eczema; Emollients; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Skin; Thailand; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 34545646
DOI: 10.1111/jdv.17675 -
Clinical Case Reports Aug 2021Miliaria crystallina is frequently seen in intensive care patients. This skin condition should be known by both anesthesiologists and dermatologists to avoid unnecessary...
Miliaria crystallina is frequently seen in intensive care patients. This skin condition should be known by both anesthesiologists and dermatologists to avoid unnecessary investigations.
PubMed: 34430023
DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.4665 -
The Australasian Journal of Dermatology Aug 2021Miliaria crystallina is a benign, self-limiting disorder of the eccrine sweat glands characterized by the obstruction of the sweat ducts, which leads to secondary sweat...
Miliaria crystallina is a benign, self-limiting disorder of the eccrine sweat glands characterized by the obstruction of the sweat ducts, which leads to secondary sweat retention into stratum corneum. We present two patients with MC during treatment with idarubicin and all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) for acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL). Anthracyclines can be excreted through sweat and induce MC through exfoliation. The use of idarubicin in combination with ATRA would favour the process of producing a peeling effect. Reports of MC associated with idarubicin and ATRA are scarce. Recognizing this benign entity and its triggers will help to differentiate it from other skin reactions, improving the management of patients by avoiding unnecessary studies and treatments.
Topics: Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Humans; Idarubicin; Miliaria; Tretinoin
PubMed: 34106466
DOI: 10.1111/ajd.13641 -
Pediatric Dermatology Jul 2021Fox-Fordyce disease is a chronic pruritic disorder of apocrine sweat glands that is often associated with significantly decreased quality of life. With no definitive...
Fox-Fordyce disease is a chronic pruritic disorder of apocrine sweat glands that is often associated with significantly decreased quality of life. With no definitive cure, affected patients are often treated with topical corticosteroids as first-line therapy, but evidence for treatment of refractory cases is limited. We present an adolescent with Fox-Fordyce disease successfully treated for symptomatic relief with botulinum toxin type A injections. While previously reported in an adult patient, we detail the efficacy of this therapy in a pediatric patient.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Botulinum Toxins, Type A; Child; Fox-Fordyce Disease; Humans; Pruritus; Quality of Life
PubMed: 34060125
DOI: 10.1111/pde.14552 -
Journal of the European Academy of... Sep 2021Descriptions of cutaneous findings associated with COVID-19 have not been consistently accompanied by histopathology or confirmatory testing for SARS-CoV-2.
BACKGROUND
Descriptions of cutaneous findings associated with COVID-19 have not been consistently accompanied by histopathology or confirmatory testing for SARS-CoV-2.
OBJECTIVE
To describe and classify the cutaneous findings with supporting histopathology of confirmed COVID-19 inpatients.
METHODS
We included consecutive inpatients with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 for whom a dermatology consult was requested. A skin biopsy was performed in all cases. Skin findings were classified as being compatible with a cutaneous manifestation of COVID-19 or as representing a distinct clinical entity.
RESULTS
Twenty-eight patients were studied in whom thirty-one dermatologic diagnoses were made. Twenty-two of the dermatoses were compatible with a cutaneous manifestation of COVID-19; nine entities were not associated with infection by SARS-CoV-2. The most common COVID-19-associated pattern was an exanthematous presentation. In four patients, a new pattern was observed, characterized by discrete papules with varied histopathological findings including a case of neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis. No cases of pernio-like lesions were identified. Skin findings not associated with COVID-19 represented 29% of diagnoses and included Malassezia folliculitis, tinea, miliaria and contact dermatitis.
LIMITATIONS
There is no gold-standard test to distinguish between viral exanthems and drug reactions.
CONCLUSION
A histopathological study is critical before attributing skin findings to a manifestation of COVID-19.
Topics: COVID-19; Chilblains; Humans; SARS-CoV-2; Skin; Skin Diseases
PubMed: 34013600
DOI: 10.1111/jdv.17381 -
JAAD Case Reports May 2021
PubMed: 33898685
DOI: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2021.02.003 -
Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology Feb 2022Fox-Fordyce (FFD), also known as apocrine military, is an uncommon chronic inflammation of the apocrine sweat glands. It is characterized by pruritic, papular eruptions... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Fox-Fordyce (FFD), also known as apocrine military, is an uncommon chronic inflammation of the apocrine sweat glands. It is characterized by pruritic, papular eruptions in apocrine-gland-bearing regions. FFD was described a century ago, but the exact pathogenesis of the disease and the management are not well understood.
AIMS
This paper provides a wide understanding of the pathophysiology, clinical findings, and management of Fox-Fordyce disease. Its aim is to help the physician to diagnose and manage this entity accordingly.
METHODS
A research was done using PubMed database on 12 April 12, 2020, and in order to retrieve all case reports, case series, cohort studies, randomized, and nonrandomized clinical trials were included describing FFD among patients.
RESULTS
A total of 43 articles and 68 patients were included in the study. The majority of patients were young females. The disease was bilateral in 90%, affected the axillae and to a lesser extent the pubic and the periareolar areas and rarely the thoracic area, the abdominal area, and the face. FFD followed a relapsing and remitting course, and an evident improvement in disease course was noted after menopause.
CONCLUSION
The typical FFD patient is a post-pubertal female and pre-menopause, presenting with pruritic papules in apocrine-gland-bearing regions. FFD can be sporadic or occurs in family, and it can be asymptomatic in 1/(3-4) of patients and can be triggered by laser hair removal and hormonal changes. Further randomized clinical trials assessing different treatment of FFD are now warranted.
Topics: Apocrine Glands; Axilla; Epidermis; Female; Fox-Fordyce Disease; Hair Removal; Humans
PubMed: 33817950
DOI: 10.1111/jocd.14135 -
Acta Bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis Nov 2020Skin disorders are very common in children. Wide spectrum of skin disorders is seen among children. The spectrum of skin disorders seen in children vary from region to...
BACKGROUND
Skin disorders are very common in children. Wide spectrum of skin disorders is seen among children. The spectrum of skin disorders seen in children vary from region to region.
AIM OF THE WORK
The study is aimed to determine the pattern of skin disorders among children in Pediatric dermatology clinic of Murtala Muhammad Specialist Hospital, Kano, Nigeria. Methods: It was a descriptive cross-sectional study. Subjects were consecutively recruited. Using a semi-structured questionnaire, demographic history of the subjects and history of skin disorders were obtained from all the subjects and detailed physical examination was carried out with particular emphasis on skin lesion examination after obtaining an informed consent. Ethical clearance was obtained from Ethical committee of the hospital. Data obtained was analyzed using SPSS version 24.
RESULTS
A total of 338 subjects were recruited. One hundred and seventy-three (51.2%) were males and 165 (48.8%) were females. There were 35 specific types of skin disorders observed. Infections and infestations were the commonest category of skin disorders seen among 47% of the children followed by inflammatory skin disorders observed among 36.9% of the subjects. Tinea capitis was the commonest type of skin disorder observed among 15.5% of the subjects followed by atopic eczema (13.0%). Tinea capitis was significantly commoner among male children aged 6-10 years (p<0.01) and Miliaria was significantly commoner among children aged less than 2years (p=0.04).
CONCLUSION
Wide spectrum of skin disorders was seen among children in this environment and infections and infestations were the commonest category of skin disorders seen.
Topics: Ambulatory Care Facilities; Child; Child, Preschool; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Hospitals; Humans; Male; Nigeria; Skin Diseases
PubMed: 33525278
DOI: 10.23750/abm.v91i4.8727 -
Dermatologic Therapy Mar 2021
Topics: Health Personnel; Humans; Masks; Miliaria; N95 Respirators
PubMed: 33492777
DOI: 10.1111/dth.14809