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Veterinary Parasitology, Regional... Jan 2024Oestrosis is a nasal cavity myiasis caused by Oestrus ovis larvae from Oetrus ovis diptera flies in small ruminants. The presence of the larvae in the nasal cavity is... (Review)
Review
Oestrosis is a nasal cavity myiasis caused by Oestrus ovis larvae from Oetrus ovis diptera flies in small ruminants. The presence of the larvae in the nasal cavity is known to cause rhinitis and sinusitis which can negatively impact the productivity of small ruminants. The aim of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of Oestrus ovis larvae infestation in sheep and goats presented for necropsy. We reviewed necropsy records of sheep and goats submitted to the Veterinary Pathology diagnostic laboratory at St. George's University from 2001 to 2017. Out of 104 goat necropsy cases, Oestrus ovis larvae were observed in 8 goats giving a prevalence of 7.7% (95% confidence interval (CI):3.38% to 14.6%). Similarly, from the 47 sheep necropsies, Oestus ovis larvae were observed in 4 sheep (8.5%) (95% CI: 2.83% to 20.46%). There was no significant difference in Oestrus ovis larvae infestation rates between sheep and goats (p = 1.000, Fisher's exact test). Oestrosis was an incidental finding in all the small ruminants examined at necropsy. This is the first report on Oestrus ovis larvae infestation in small ruminants in Grenada.
Topics: Sheep; Animals; Grenada; Retrospective Studies; Larva; Ruminants; Goats; Diptera
PubMed: 38199699
DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2023.100958 -
Skeletal Radiology Jan 2024Clinical manifestations of dermatological and musculoskeletal conditions can sometimes overlap, leading to confusion in diagnosis. Patients with nail and skin infections... (Review)
Review
Clinical manifestations of dermatological and musculoskeletal conditions can sometimes overlap, leading to confusion in diagnosis. Patients with nail and skin infections may undergo imaging examinations with suspicions of muscle, tendon, or joint injuries. Dermatological infections often involve soft tissues and musculoskeletal structures, and their etiology can range from fungi, bacteria, viruses, to protozoa. Relying solely on physical examination may not be sufficient for accurate diagnosis and treatment planning, necessitating the use of complementary imaging exams. The objective of this paper is to present and discuss imaging findings of the main infectious conditions affecting the nail apparatus and skin. The paper also highlights the importance of imaging in clarifying diagnostic uncertainties and guiding appropriate treatment for dermatological conditions.
PubMed: 38194095
DOI: 10.1007/s00256-023-04557-4 -
BMC Infectious Diseases Jan 2024Sarcophagidae is one of the main fly families that is attracted to open wounds, ulcers, lesions, and other injuries for depositing their larvae. The presence of larvae... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Sarcophagidae is one of the main fly families that is attracted to open wounds, ulcers, lesions, and other injuries for depositing their larvae. The presence of larvae of flies in human tissues makes myiasis. Myiasis on the scalp could be more frightening in comparison with myiasis on the other parts of the body. It is a rare myiasis case that shows the ability of myiasis agents to attack various parts of the body. On the other hand, reporting of myiasis cases by Sarcophagidae larvae is not common due to difficulties in their identification. This study aimed to emphasize the importance of Sarcohagidae larvae in producing myiasis by describing the first case of soft tissue sarcoma infestation and provides a review of human myiasis by larvae of the Sarcophagidae family during 2010-2023 and also a review of wound myiasis cases associated with malignancy during 2000-2023.
CASE PRESENTATION
A case of sarcoma cancer myiasis is reported on the scalp of a 43-year-old man who referred to one of Tehran's hospitals for surgical treatment of cancer. Before surgery, insect larvae were observed in the area of sarcoma. The larvae were isolated, examined morphologically, and identified as Sarcophaga spp.
CONCLUSIONS
Myiasis has been considered as a neglected disease. Publishing of myiasis cases could be useful to alert health policy-makers about its danger and appearance in the community. It is not usual but can be expected even on the scalp of the human head. Exact daily supervision and dressing of the wound could be recommended to prevent cutaneous myiasis.
Topics: Male; Animals; Humans; Adult; Scalp; Iran; Sarcoma; Myiasis; Larva
PubMed: 38183025
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08957-8 -
BMC Microbiology Jan 2024The zoonotic pathogen Wohlfahrtiimonas chitiniclastica can cause several diseases in humans, including sepsis and bacteremia. Although the pathogenesis is not fully... (Review)
Review
The zoonotic pathogen Wohlfahrtiimonas chitiniclastica can cause several diseases in humans, including sepsis and bacteremia. Although the pathogenesis is not fully understood, the bacterium is thought to enter traumatic skin lesions via fly larvae, resulting in severe myiasis and/or wound contamination. Infections are typically associated with, but not limited to, infestation of an open wound by fly larvae, poor sanitary conditions, cardiovascular disease, substance abuse, and osteomyelitis. W. chitiniclastica is generally sensitive to a broad spectrum of antibiotics with the exception of fosfomycin. However, increasing drug resistance has been observed and its development should be monitored with caution. In this review, we summarize the currently available knowledge and evaluate it from both a clinical and a genomic perspective.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Gammaproteobacteria; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Diptera; Genomics; Larva
PubMed: 38172653
DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03139-7 -
Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2023This review aims to describe and compare the risk factors, clinical course, diagnosis, and parasitologic features of external ophthalmomyiasis. We also discuss the... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
This review aims to describe and compare the risk factors, clinical course, diagnosis, and parasitologic features of external ophthalmomyiasis. We also discuss the different preventive measures and the effect of global warming in a large case series reported from January 2000 to December 2022.
METHODS
We perform a literature review of reported cases of external ophthalmomyiasis to determine the clinical characteristics, therapeutic management, and information on the organisms that most commonly cause external ophthalmomyiasis.
RESULTS
A total of 312 cases of external ophthalmomyiasis were recorded. The most common causative organism was (Linnaeus) (Diptera: Oestridae), accounting for 72.1% of cases, followed by (Linnaeus Jr. in Pallas, 1781) (Diptera: Oestridae) at 5.4%, (Meigen) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) at 0.96%, and (Villeneuve) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) at 0.96%. Before experiencing symptoms, 43.6% of cases reported having direct contact with flies or being hit in the eye, 33% reported no associated risk factors, 9.3% reported living with sheep and goats, and 7.7% reported a history of foreign objects entering the eye. The most common symptoms for those affected by were sudden onset, including a foreign body sensation and movement, redness, tearing, itching, swelling, irritation, photophobia, burning, and ocular secretion. In cases caused by , symptoms included eyelid edema, pain, redness, itching, movement within the lesion, ocular irritation, and discharge. Regarding occupational or recreational activity, agriculture, and livestock had the highest incidence, followed by trades and technical activities, being a student, and having traveled to an endemic region for work or recreation.
CONCLUSION
Patients with red eyes may suffer from external ophthalmomyiasis, which requires a thorough examination to diagnose and treat it early. Moreover, as the temperature increases due to climate change, it is essential to consider how this will affect the spread of different pathogens.
PubMed: 38131986
DOI: 10.3390/diseases11040180 -
The British Journal of Dermatology Mar 2024
Topics: Animals; Humans; Myiasis; Diptera; Travel
PubMed: 38123139
DOI: 10.1093/bjd/ljad524 -
POCUS Journal 2023An 81-year-old man presented to urgent care for assessment of an area of erythema and tenderness on his right thigh after recent travel to Belize. Point of care...
An 81-year-old man presented to urgent care for assessment of an area of erythema and tenderness on his right thigh after recent travel to Belize. Point of care ultrasound (POCUS) revealed a hyperechoic structure with acoustic shadowing in the subcutaneous tissue. Colour Doppler assessment of the structure produced a twinkle artifact. The structure was removed and pathology identified the object as a larva (human botfly). The use of POCUS helped identify and localize the subcutaneous foreign body. The use of colour Doppler produced the twinkle artifact, which has not been previously reported as a finding produced during ultrasonographic assessment of botfly larvae.
PubMed: 38099171
DOI: 10.24908/pocus.v8i2.16712 -
Medecine Tropicale Et Sante... Sep 2023Myiasis is an infestation of humans or animals by larval forms of brachycetes. Commonly observed locations are otolaryngological and cutaneous. Gastrointestinal...
INTRODUCTION
Myiasis is an infestation of humans or animals by larval forms of brachycetes. Commonly observed locations are otolaryngological and cutaneous. Gastrointestinal localization remains exceptional. In this work, we report the observation of a Moroccan case of gastrointestinal myiasis caused by . Observation. The patient was a 56-year-old man living in a rural region of northwest Morocco. He was being followed at the National Oncology Institute in Rabat for pulmonary and renal adenocarcinoma and was put on neo-adjuvant chemotherapy with concomitant radiochemotherapy. The patient presented vomiting twice containing about forty small white, circular and hairless worms measuring 4 mm in length. This sample was sent to the parasitology and mycology laboratory for identification. Microscopic study of the larvae and adult flies obtained after rearing in the laboratory of parasitology allowed the diagnosis of myiasis caused by .
DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION
This observation is noteworthy for both its exceptional anatomical localization and the implicated parasite species.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Drosophila melanogaster; Larva; Morocco; Myiasis
PubMed: 38094488
DOI: 10.48327/mtsi.v3i3.2023.360 -
Tropical Doctor Apr 2024Cases of genitourinary myiasis in humans caused by larvae of flies are reported from time to time. In our study, 11 patients, who reported worms in their urine and...
Cases of genitourinary myiasis in humans caused by larvae of flies are reported from time to time. In our study, 11 patients, who reported worms in their urine and brought these worms to our laboratory, were investigated. The larvae were found to belong to the subfamily . By taking urine samples carefully from the patients, examining and evaluating their history, it was concluded that they did not actually have myiasis. We endeavour to describe the pitfalls in this diagnosis.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Myiasis; Psychodidae; Larva
PubMed: 38087417
DOI: 10.1177/00494755231219529 -
International Journal of Infectious... Feb 2024
Topics: Animals; Humans; Diptera; Myiasis; France; Larva
PubMed: 38081507
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2023.11.035