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JPMA. the Journal of the Pakistan... Jun 2024Recurrent rhinorrhoea that occurs chronically, needs to consider the possibility of a fistula in the nasal cavity, which has the potential to form a rhinolith. We report...
Recurrent rhinorrhoea that occurs chronically, needs to consider the possibility of a fistula in the nasal cavity, which has the potential to form a rhinolith. We report the case of a 39-year-old man with complaints of recurrent rhinorrhoea since four years ago, accompanied by thick secretions, symptoms of post-nasal drips, and olfactory disturbances. The patient had a history of removing the left upper molar (molar I), which causes a fistula in the tooth extraction site, making it more likely for food and drink to enter the left nasal cavity. Anterior rhinoscopy examination revealed a white mass in the left inferior meatus and a purulent odour discharge. In addition, there were gingival defects of the first molar teeth, multi-sinusitis, and nasal septum deviation. Rinolith extraction was performed using functional endoscopic sinus surgery, submucosal resection, and repair of gingivo-nasal defects with rotational flaps. Follow-up for one week showed that the flap was in place and there were no complications.
Topics: Humans; Male; Adult; Rhinorrhea; Nose Diseases; Chronic Disease; Tooth Extraction; Endoscopy; Oral Fistula; Surgical Flaps
PubMed: 38948996
DOI: 10.47391/JPMA.9784 -
Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2024Feline chronic gingivostomatitis (FCGS) is an ulcerative and/or proliferative disease that typically affects the palatoglossal folds. Because of its unknown pathogenesis...
Feline chronic gingivostomatitis (FCGS) is an ulcerative and/or proliferative disease that typically affects the palatoglossal folds. Because of its unknown pathogenesis and long disease course, it is difficult to treat and has a high recurrence rate. Most of the bacteria in the oral microbiota exist in the mouth symbiotically and maintain a dynamic balance, and when the balance is disrupted, they may cause disease. Disturbance of the oral microbiota may play an important role in the development of FCGS. In this study, the medical records of 3109 cats in three general pet hospitals in Xi 'an were collected. Sixty-one cats with FCGS were investigated via questionnaires, routine oral examinations and laboratory examinations. Oral microbiota samples were collected from 16 FCGS-affected cats, and microbial species were identified by 16S rDNA sequencing. The results showed that the incidence of FCGS had no significant correlation with age, sex or breed. However, the incidence of FCGS was associated with immunization, a history of homelessness and multicat rearing environments. The number of neutrophils and the serum amyloid A concentration were increased, and the percentage of cells positive for calicivirus antigen was high in all cases. All the cats had different degrees of dental calculus, and there were problems such as loss of alveolar bone or tooth resorption. Compared with those in healthy cats, the bacterial diversity and the abundance of anaerobic bacteria were significantly increased in cats with FCGS. , and were abundant in the mouths of the affected cats and may be potential pathogens of FCGS. After tooth extraction, a shift could be seen in the composition of the oral microbiota in cats with FCGS. An isolated bacteria obtained from the mouths of the affected cats was homologous to . Both the identified oral microbiota and the isolated strain of the cats with FCGS had high sensitivity to enrofloxacin and low sensitivity to metronidazole. This study provides support to current clinical criteria in diagnosing FCGS and proposes a more suitable antibiotic therapy.
PubMed: 38948672
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1418101 -
Journal of Oral Microbiology 2024Oral hygiene instruction (OHI) is essential during periodontitis treatment. Various OHI approaches have been explored, including mobile apps.
Effect of mobile app-based oral hygiene instructions on clinical parameters, oral bacterial diversity, and composition of subgingival microbiota in periodontitis patients.
INTRODUCTION
Oral hygiene instruction (OHI) is essential during periodontitis treatment. Various OHI approaches have been explored, including mobile apps.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the mobile app-based OHI's effect on periodontitis management by analyzing clinical parameters and subgingival microbiota.
METHODS
Forty-four periodontitis patients were randomly assigned into two groups. The test group ( = 22) received scaling and root planing (SRP), OHI, and mobile app-based OHI, whereas the control group ( = 22) received SRP and OHI. Full mouth plaque score (FMPS), bleeding on probing (BOP) and probing pocket depth at the sampling sites (site-PPD) were assessed at baseline, one- and three-month visits. The 16S rRNA next-generation sequencing (NGS) was used to analyze subgingival plaque samples.
RESULTS
Significant reduction in FMPS, BOP, and site-PPD at one- and three-month visits compared to baseline ( < 0.001) with no significant differences across groups ( > 0.05). In test groups, intra-group analysis showed better improvement in BOP and site-PPD ( < 0.05) than control. The diversity and composition of subgingival microbiota did not differ between groups or timepoints ( > 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
Mobile app-based OHI showed no superior effects on improving clinical parameters and subgingival microbiota compared to conventional OHI. Further investigation into its long-term impact on periodontitis treatment is needed.
PubMed: 38948658
DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2024.2372206 -
Journal of Family Medicine and Primary... May 2024Dysphagia can involve any structure from the mouth to the lower esophageal sphincter. The etiologies vary from benign causes to malignant lesions. There is dearth of...
BACKGROUND
Dysphagia can involve any structure from the mouth to the lower esophageal sphincter. The etiologies vary from benign causes to malignant lesions. There is dearth of data regarding dysphagia in our population.
METHODS
A total of 208 patients with complaints of dysphagia were screened for the study. After ruling out neurological/local oropharyngeal causes of dysphagia, 200 patients with suspected esophageal dysphagia (ED) were recruited in the study. Dysphagia was graded as per the dysphagia scoring system. All patients underwent upper gastro-intestinal endoscopy and were evaluated for the presence of mechanical and non-mechanical causes of ED.
RESULTS
The mean age of patients with dysphagia was 53.8 ± 15.4 years. with males and females being 82 and 118, respectively. The mean duration of the symptom was 7.2 ± 10.6 months (median 3 months). Ninety-eight patients (49%) having dysphagia were in the age group of 56-65 years. The dysphagia score was 0 among 58, and 4 among 26 subjects. Foreign body sensation was the most frequent chief complaint in 90 (45%) patients. Ninety-six (48%) and 104 (52%) patients had mechanical and non-mechanical causes of dysphagia, respectively. Among mechanical causes of dysphagia, 68 patients (70.8%) had esophageal growth and 28 (29.2%) had esophageal stricture. Sixty-seven patients had squamous cell carcinoma. Among non-mechanical causes, 50 (48.1%) had globus sensation, 24 (23.1%) had hiatus hernia, and 16 (15.4%) functional dysphagia.
CONCLUSION
Dysphagia is a common problem with varied etiologies. The esophageal growth and globus sensation are among the predominant causes of ED. We stress that all patients of dysphagia must be meticulously investigated.
PubMed: 38948572
DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1226_23 -
Journal of Family Medicine and Primary... May 2024Oral lymphomas are rare and present a diagnostic challenge. Immunophenotyping is essential to decipher their biology and identify therapeutic targets. Histopathology can...
Oral lymphomas are rare and present a diagnostic challenge. Immunophenotyping is essential to decipher their biology and identify therapeutic targets. Histopathology can prove to be diagnostically difficult to type these lesions, and hence, immunohistochemistry (IHC) proves useful in deciphering their biology. Here, we present an evidence-based approach using a novel immunohistochemical marker panel to diagnose oral lymphomas by discussing four unique cases.
PubMed: 38948544
DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1570_23 -
Bio-protocol Jun 2024Aphthovirus, within the family Picornaviridae. Early detection and characterization of FMDV strains are key factors to control new outbreaks and prevent the spread of...
Aphthovirus, within the family Picornaviridae. Early detection and characterization of FMDV strains are key factors to control new outbreaks and prevent the spread of the disease. Here, we describe a direct RNA sequencing method using Oxford Nanopore Technology (ONT) Flongle flow cells on MinION Mk1C (or GridION) to characterize FMDV. This is a rapid, low cost, and easily deployed point of care (POC) method for a near real-time characterization of FMDV in endemic areas or outbreak investigation sites. Key features • Saves ~35 min of the original protocol time by omitting the reverse transcription step and lowers the costs of reagents and consumables. • Replaces the GridION flow cell from the original protocol with the Flongle, which saves ~90% on the flow cell cost. • Combines the NGS benchwork with a modified version of our African swine fever virus (ASFV) fast analysis pipeline to achieve FMDV characterization within minutes. Graphical overview Schematic of direct RNA sequencing of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) process, which takes ~50 min from extracted RNA to final loading, modified from the ONT SQK-RNA002 protocol (Version: DRS_9080_v2_revO_14Aug2019).
PubMed: 38948261
DOI: 10.21769/BioProtoc.5017 -
Imaging Science in Dentistry Jun 2024Non-secretory multiple myeloma (NSMM) is a rare cancer of plasma cells characterized by the absence of detectable monoclonal M protein in the blood or urine. A...
Non-secretory multiple myeloma (NSMM) is a rare cancer of plasma cells characterized by the absence of detectable monoclonal M protein in the blood or urine. A 57-year-old woman presented with mandibular pain but without intraoral swelling. Imaging studies revealed multiple osteolytic lesions in her mandible and pronounced root resorption of the left mandibular second molar. Biopsy results showed atypical plasmacytoid cells positive for anti-kappa, CD138, MUM1, and CD79a antibodies, but negative for anti-lambda and CD20. These results were indicative of a malignant plasma cell neoplasm. No abnormalities were revealed by free light chain assay or by serum or urine protein electrophoresis, leading to a diagnosis of NSMM. The patient began chemotherapy in conjunction with bisphosphonate therapy and achieved remission following treatment. This case underscores the critical role of dentists in the early detection and prevention of NSMM complications, as the disease can initially present in the oral cavity.
PubMed: 38948192
DOI: 10.5624/isd.20230257 -
Imaging Science in Dentistry Jun 2024This report showed a case of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis suspected to be associated with ankylosing spondylitis based on the observation of bony ankylosis of...
This report showed a case of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis suspected to be associated with ankylosing spondylitis based on the observation of bony ankylosis of the cervical spine on computed tomography (CT) images. A 53-year-old man presented with a chief complaint of difficulty in opening his mouth. His medical history indicated that in his 20s, he became aware of the difficulty in moving his neck. CT revealed marked osteoarthritic changes in the right mandibular condyle, suggesting fibrotic TMJ ankylosis. In addition, bony ankylosis of the cervical vertebral body and facet joints from the axis (C2) to C5 in continuity was observed. CT of the entire spine also showed bony deformity of the sacroiliac joints and bony ankylosis. Based on these findings, ankylosing spondylitis was suspected. The possibility of an ankylosing spondylitis complication should be considered in cases of TMJ ankylosis if bony ankylosis of the cervical spine is observed.
PubMed: 38948191
DOI: 10.5624/isd.20230243 -
Frontiers in Oral Health 2024There are well established epidemiological links between rheumatoid arthritis and periodontitis. Recent data have started to shed light on the mechanisms that might... (Review)
Review
There are well established epidemiological links between rheumatoid arthritis and periodontitis. Recent data have started to shed light on the mechanisms that might underlie the relationship between these two complex diseases. Unravelling the roles of distinct pathways involved in these mechanisms has the potential to yield novel preventative and therapeutic strategies for both diseases. Perhaps most intriguingly, this represents an area where understanding the biology in the oral cavity might reveal fundamental advances in understanding immune regulation and the relationships between the host and microbiome. Here we seek to discuss aspects of the adaptive immune response that might link periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis.
PubMed: 38948089
DOI: 10.3389/froh.2024.1430886 -
Heliyon Jun 2024To explore the potential targets for melatonin in the treatment of periodontitis through network pharmacologic analysis and experimental validation via animal models...
OBJECTIVE
To explore the potential targets for melatonin in the treatment of periodontitis through network pharmacologic analysis and experimental validation via animal models and cellular experiments.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
In this study, we first screened melatonin targets from Pharm Mapper for putative targets, Drug Bank, and TCMSP databases for known targets. Then, disease database was searched and screened for differential expressed genes associated with periodontitis. The intersection of disease and melatonin-related genes yielded potential target genes of melatonin treatment for periodontitis. These target genes were further investigated by protein-protein interaction network and GO/KEGG enrichment analysis. In addition, the interactions between melatonin and key target genes were interrogated by molecular docking simulations. Then, we performed animal studies to validate the therapeutic effect of melatonin by injecting melatonin into the peritoneal cavity of ligation-induced periodontitis (LIP) mice. The effects of melatonin on the predicted target proteins were also analyzed using Western blot and immunofluorescence techniques. Finally, we constructed an cellular model and validated the direct effect of melatonin on the predicted targets by using qPCR.
RESULTS
We identified 8 potential target genes by network pharmacology analysis. Enrichment analysis suggests that melatonin may treat periodontitis by inhibiting the expression of three potential targets (MPO, MMP8, and MMP9). Molecular docking results showed that melatonin could effectively bind to MMP8 and MMP9. Subsequently, melatonin was further validated in a mouse LIP model to inhibit the expression of MPO, MMP8, and MMP9 in the periodontal tissue. Finally, we verified the direct effect of melatonin on the mRNA expression of MPO, MMP8, and MMP9 in an cellular model.
CONCLUSIONS
Through a combination of network pharmacology and experimental validation, this study provides a more comprehensive understanding of the mechanism of melatonin to treat periodontitis. Our study suggests that MPO, MMP8, and MMP9 as key target genes of melatonin to treat periodontitis. These findings present a more comprehensive basis for further investigation into the mechanisms of pharmacological treatment of periodontitis by melatonin.
PubMed: 38948030
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32494