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Phomoxanthone A, Compound of Endophytic Fungi sp. and Its Potential Antimicrobial and Antiparasitic.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2022The present work reports the isolation and biological evaluation of three dimeric xanthones from sp. EJC01.1 isolated as endophytic from , a typical plant of the...
The present work reports the isolation and biological evaluation of three dimeric xanthones from sp. EJC01.1 isolated as endophytic from , a typical plant of the Amazon. The compounds phomoxanthone A (), phomoxanthone B () and dicerandrol B () were isolated by chromatographic procedures and identified by spectroscopic methods of 1D and 2D NMR and MS. The extracts and compound showed antimicrobial activities against , , , and . The compound phomoxanthone A () showed greater inhibitory activity against (MIC of 7.81 µg mL); in addition, it also pronounced inhibitory effect against promastigote forms of (IC of 16.38 ± 1.079 µg mL) and epimastigote forms (IC of 28.61 ± 1.071 µg mL). To provide more information about the antibacterial activity of compound 1, an unprecedented molecular docking study was performed using S-ribosyl-homocysteine lyase (LuxS) (PDB ID 2FQO), which showed a possible interaction of phomoxanthone A with two of the residues (His58 and Cys126) that are fundamental for the catalysis mechanism in , which may be associated with the higher activity, when compared to other bacteria, observed in experimental studies. Additionally, quantum studies (DFT) were performed, for which a low gap value (5.982 eV) was observed, which corroborates the reactivity of phomoxanthone A. Thus, phomoxanthone A can be a good agent against pathogenic bacteria.
PubMed: 36289990
DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11101332 -
Journal of Food Science and Technology Dec 2022Canastra's Minas artisanal cheese [QMA (Minas artisanal cheese)] is a protected geographical indication traditional food. The influence of fungi on the cheese ripening...
Canastra's Minas artisanal cheese [QMA (Minas artisanal cheese)] is a protected geographical indication traditional food. The influence of fungi on the cheese ripening process is of great importance. This study aimed to apply culture-dependent and -independent methods to determine the mycobiota of QMA produced in the Canastra region, as well as to determine its physicochemical characteristics. Illumina-based amplicon sequencing and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry were the culture-independent methods used. The physicochemical analysis results showed that the QMA has a moisture content ranging 18.4-28.2%, fat content ranging 20.5-40%, sodium chloride percentage of approximately 0.9%, and pH ranging 5.2-5.5. The population of fungi ranged between 6.3 and 8 log colony-forming unit/g. spp., , spp., , , spp., , , spp., spp. and spp. were the most prevalent fungi. The methods used to evaluate the mycobiota provide a better understanding of which species are present in the final product and eventually contribute to the characteristics of QMA. and . were identified as promising species for future studies on product quality.
PubMed: 36276518
DOI: 10.1007/s13197-022-05548-4 -
International Journal of Food... Jan 2023Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is one of the most widely cultivated foods in the world and is of great socio-economic importance, especially in developing countries....
Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is one of the most widely cultivated foods in the world and is of great socio-economic importance, especially in developing countries. It is predominantly consumed in boiled form, but also is used to produce a number of products, including cassava starch, sour starch, cassava flour and tapioca flour (hydrated cassava starch). Fungal spoilage can occur throughout the production chain, impairing both productivity and quality, as well as posing a potential risk of contamination by mycotoxins. We used multidisciplinary approaches based on phenotypic and molecular data (ITS/BenA/TEF-1a/RPB2 loci) to investigate the mycobiota of 101 samples (including roots, soil and products) collected in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. A total of 20 fungal groups/genera were morphologically characterized, and 37 different species were molecularly identified. The predominant groups in cassava tubers were Fusarium spp., Penicillium spp. and Trichoderma spp. In cassava products, the most frequent groups were Penicillium spp. and Paecilomyces spp. Potentially toxigenic species were also found, including Paecilomyces saturatus, Penicillium citrinum, P. paneum, P. brevicompactum, P. chrysogenum, Fusarium foetens and Fusarium mundagurra. In soil-cultivated cassava samples, the groups found most frequently were Penicillium spp., Cladosporium spp. and Fusarium spp. Some of the species found in cassava tubers and/or product samples were also present in the soil, including F. mundagurra, Neocosmospora solani, P. citrinum and P. brevicompactum. In general, there was a higher occurrence of Penicillium spp., Fusarium spp. and Trichoderma spp., and the predominant species were F. fabacearum and P. citrinum. The mycobiota of Brazilian cassava proved to be extremely diverse, and the occurrence of several species in cassava tubers and/or products are reported herein for the first time. Potentially toxigenic species were found in cassava tubers, cassava products and soil, showing how important it is to constantly monitor these substrates.
Topics: Manihot; Mycobiome; Brazil; Food Microbiology; Vegetables; Starch; Soil
PubMed: 36270221
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.109909 -
International Journal of Ophthalmology 2022To study the clinical features, microbial spectrum, associated factors and prognosis of endogenous endophthalmitis (EE) in a group of Chinese patients.
AIM
To study the clinical features, microbial spectrum, associated factors and prognosis of endogenous endophthalmitis (EE) in a group of Chinese patients.
METHODS
The medical records from 32 eyes of 29 patients diagnosed with EE in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2009 to October 2019 were reviewed.
RESULTS
The initial visual acuity (VA) of 30 eyes in this study was worse than 20/400. Twenty-three eyes were diagnosed with fungal endophthalmitis and nine with bacterial endophthalmitis. The most common fungal and bacterial isolates were and , respectively. Several rare fungi and bacteria species were also isolated from our patients, including , , , and . The leading risk factor for EE was diabetes. The most common extraocular infection locus was genitourinary tract. Vitrectomy was performed on twenty-nine eyes. Eight eyes achieved final VA of 20/400 or better. EE caused by had a better prognosis.
CONCLUSION
The visual outcome of EE is based on pathogens and prompt intervention. Early vitrectomy and antimicrobial treatment are beneficial for EE.
PubMed: 36262866
DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2022.10.17 -
Chembiochem : a European Journal of... Dec 2022Heterologous expression of nrps33, a nonribosomal peptide synthetase gene, from Paecilomyces cinnamomeus BCC 9616 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae unexpectedly resulted in...
Heterologous expression of nrps33, a nonribosomal peptide synthetase gene, from Paecilomyces cinnamomeus BCC 9616 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae unexpectedly resulted in the accumulation of anthranilic acid, an intermediate in tryptophan biosynthesis. Based on transcriptomic and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) results, expression of nrps33 affected the transcription of tryptophan biosynthesis genes especially TRP1 which is also the selectable auxotrophic marker for the expression vector used in this work. The product of nrps33 could inhibit the activity of Trp4 involved in the conversion of anthranilate to N-(5'-phosphoribosyl)anthranilate and therefore caused the accumulation of anthranilic acid. This accumulation could in turn result in down-regulation of downstream tryptophan biosynthesis genes. Anthranilic acid is typically produced by chemical synthesis and has been used as a substrate for synthesising bioactive compounds including commercial drugs; our results could provide a new biological platform for production of this compound.
Topics: Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Tryptophan; Peptide Synthases; ortho-Aminobenzoates
PubMed: 36250803
DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200573 -
Biomolecules Sep 2022Spent coffee grounds (SCGs) are a promising substrate that can be valorized by biotechnological processes, such as for short-chain organic acid (SCOA) production, but...
Spent coffee grounds (SCGs) are a promising substrate that can be valorized by biotechnological processes, such as for short-chain organic acid (SCOA) production, but their complex structure implies the application of a pretreatment step to increase their biodegradability. Physicochemical pretreatments are widely studied but have multiple drawbacks. An alternative is the application of biological pretreatments that include using fungi and that naturally can degrade complex substrates such as SCGs. This study intended to compare acidic and basic hydrolysis and supercritical CO extraction with the application of these fungi. The highest concentration of SCOAs, 2.52 gCOD/L, was achieved after the acidification of SCGs pretreated with acid hydrolysis, but a very similar result, 2.44 gCOD/L, was obtained after submerged fermentation of SCGs by . This pretreatment also resulted in the best acidification degree, 48%, a very promising result compared to the 13% obtained with the control, untreated SCGs, highlighting the potential of biological pretreatments.
Topics: Carbon Dioxide; Coffee; Fermentation; Hydrolysis; Trametes
PubMed: 36139123
DOI: 10.3390/biom12091284 -
Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2022/ has recently been recognized as an emerging human pathogen, causing serious infection in immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients. Several predisposing factors...
/ has recently been recognized as an emerging human pathogen, causing serious infection in immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients. Several predisposing factors have been reported, including foreign body implants, previous surgery, or trauma. Treatment with antifungal drugs often fails as species-specific differences in antifungal susceptibilities are one of the management challenges. Surgical debridement with or without antifungal therapy was sufficient to cure the infection in a few reported cases. Nonetheless, the surgical approach has been found to decrease the chance of dissemination and recurrence. Here, we report the first pediatric patient with chronic osteomyelitis of the femur secondary to species, with no predisposing risk factors. Our case was successfully treated with a combination of antifungal therapy and surgical debridement. Additionally, we describe the first extensive literature review of previously reported / species infections in pediatric age groups.
PubMed: 36135655
DOI: 10.3390/jof8090930 -
Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering Nov 2022Daqu is the fermentation starter of Baijiu, which is one of the six most renowned distilled spirits. Studies have found that Bacillus is one of the dominant microbial...
Daqu is the fermentation starter of Baijiu, which is one of the six most renowned distilled spirits. Studies have found that Bacillus is one of the dominant microbial genera in Daqu, and Bacillus subtilis is known to produce amylase, an important enzyme that influences the quality of Daqu. This study aims to explore the influence of B. subtilis inoculation on the microbial community structure in different niches of Daqu. We studied the microbial community structure of the natural inoculated Daqu (i.e., control Daqu) and the fortified Daqu (i.e., B. subtilis-inoculated Daqu) by amplicon sequencing. Our results showed that compared with the control Daqu rind microbial community, the relative abundance of Bacillus, Aspergillus, Thermomyces, and Rasamsonia in the fortified Daqu rind microbial community increased, and the relative abundance of Weissella, Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc, and Pichia decreased. Compared with the control Daqu core microbial community, the relative abundance of Bacillus in the fortified Daqu core microbial community also increased, but the relative abundance of Pseudomonas and Paecilomyces decreased. The effect of B. subtilis inoculation on the rind microbial community of Daqu was more significant. In addition, the bacterial community of Daqu was more susceptible to the effect of the B. subtilis inoculation than was the fungal community of Daqu. The correlation between the bacterial community of Daqu and the fungal community of Daqu increased significantly after the B. subtilis inoculation. These results provide an important theoretical basis for the production of fortified Daqu.
Topics: Bacillus subtilis; Microbiota; Fermentation; Alcoholic Beverages; Bacillus
PubMed: 36100517
DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2022.07.017 -
Frontiers in Plant Science 2022High temperature negatively affects reproductive process significantly, leading to tremendous losses in crop quality and yield. Zhinengcong (ZNC), a crude extract from...
High temperature negatively affects reproductive process significantly, leading to tremendous losses in crop quality and yield. Zhinengcong (ZNC), a crude extract from the endophytic fungus , has been shown to improve plant growth and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. We show here that ZNC can also alleviate heat stress-induced reproductive defects in , such as short-term heat-induced inhibition on pollen viability, germination and tube growth, and long-term heat stress-induced pollen developmental defects. We further demonstrated that ZNC alleviates heat stress by downregulating the expressions of ROS production-related genes, RBOHs, and upregulating antioxidant related genes and the activities of the corresponding enzymes, thus preventing the over accumulation of heat-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) in anther, pollen grain and pollen tube. Furthermore, spraying application of ZNC onto tomato plants under long-term heat stress promotes fruit and seed bearing in the field. In summary, plant endophytic fungus extract ZNC promotes the reproductive process and yield of tomato plants under heat stress and presents excellent potential in agricultural applications.
PubMed: 36092397
DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.977881 -
International Journal of Medicinal... 2022Jin-Chan-Hua, a traditional Chinese medicine with numerous pharmaceutical properties, is a biological complex of fungus and cicada larvae. In this study, the fungus...
Jin-Chan-Hua, a traditional Chinese medicine with numerous pharmaceutical properties, is a biological complex of fungus and cicada larvae. In this study, the fungus Paecilomyces cicadae strain SH1 was obtained and cultivated to produce fruiting bodies in solid-state fermentation by using various cereals as base nutrients. The results indicated that 15 media (e.g., wheat, buckwheat, oatmeal, adzuki bean, black soybean, soybean, mung bean, speckled kidney bean, rice, millet, black glutinous rice, unpolished rice, peanut, pearl barley, and Job's tears) were favorable for high biomass or fruiting body production; thus, we conducted an anti-inflammatory assay in RAW 264.7 cells by using the fermented extracts of these substrates. Among the cereal substrates fermented with P. cicadae SH1, the alcohol extract of fermented oatmeal had the best anti-inflammatory ability with a dose-dependent effect, and it did not reduce the viability of RAW 264.7 cells at a concentration of 200 μg/mL. The results demonstrated that oatmeal solid-state fermented by P. cicadae SH1 has potential applications in the prevention or treatment of inflammation. To our knowledge, this study is the first to report on the development of functional foods and nutraceuticals through the solid-state fermentation of oatmeal by P. cicadae.
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Cordyceps; Edible Grain; Fermentation
PubMed: 36004711
DOI: 10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.2022044651