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Pediatric Rheumatology Online Journal Jan 2024Juvenile idiopathic recurrent parotitis (JIRP) in children is a condition characterized with recurrent episodes of idiopathic parotid gland inflammation. Since there are...
BACKGROUND
Juvenile idiopathic recurrent parotitis (JIRP) in children is a condition characterized with recurrent episodes of idiopathic parotid gland inflammation. Since there are no definitive guidelines for diagnosis and management of this condition, we present a consecutive case series of patients with more than one decade follow up and their dramatic response to short course treatment by prednisolone.
METHODS
We conducted this study by retrospectively reviewed medical charts of children who were diagnosed with JIRP, from 1 January 2002 to 29 February 2023. We performed usual serological tests to exclude some possible background. We administered short course prednisolone on first day of episode as divided dosage (0.5 mg /kg).
RESULTS
In this case series of 10 patients (70%) were male, median age of onset was 5 years, duration of episodes 5 days, and the mean course of disease were 3.8 years. The average follows up of patients was near 10 years. In comparison with their natural course of disease all patients showed a dramatic response to treatment on the first day of administration of prednisolone (P Value 0.005). For ten years follow up there was not any additional accompanying autoimmune disorder.
CONCLUSION
Short course prednisolone on first day of each episode and its dramatic and meaningful response in our patients, introduce a new, effective, fast, and inexpensive regimen of therapy in patients with JIRP.
Topics: Child; Humans; Male; Child, Preschool; Female; Retrospective Studies; Parotitis; Follow-Up Studies; Steroids; Prednisolone; Recurrence
PubMed: 38178123
DOI: 10.1186/s12969-023-00946-0 -
Scandinavian Journal of Immunology Jun 2023Measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) are contagious infectious diseases that can be prevented by immunization. However, MMR infections can occur in previously immunized... (Review)
Review
Measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) are contagious infectious diseases that can be prevented by immunization. However, MMR infections can occur in previously immunized individuals. The vaccine response is, among other factors, influenced by the combined effects of many genes. This systematic review investigates the genetic influence on measles, mumps and rubella antibody responses after childhood vaccination. In accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), systematic literature searches were conducted in the medical databases PubMed, EMBASE and PsycINFO. Search strings were adjusted for each database. Citations were included if they measured and compared the immune response with immunogenetics after vaccination with a vaccine containing one or more of the following components: measles, mumps and/or rubella, MMR. The measure of vaccine response studied was antibodies after vaccination. Forty-eight articles were included in the final analysis. The results suggest that genetic determinants, including host genes, and single nucleotide polymorphisms in immune-related genes influence the MMR antibody responses after vaccination. Specifically, replicated associations were found between HLA, CD46, RARB, IRF9, EIF2AK2, cytokine genes and MMR vaccine-induced humoral immune responses. This knowledge can be useful in understanding and predicting immune responses and may have implications for future vaccine strategies.
Topics: Humans; Adolescent; Infant; Mumps; Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine; Rubella; Measles; Antibodies, Viral
PubMed: 38157324
DOI: 10.1111/sji.13266 -
Voprosy Virusologii Sep 2023Due to the increased incidence of measles in Russia and in many other regions of the world, vaccines for the measles prevention are especially in demand. Ensuring the...
INTRODUCTION
Due to the increased incidence of measles in Russia and in many other regions of the world, vaccines for the measles prevention are especially in demand. Ensuring the quality of the measles vaccine for effective disease prevention is within the scope of the tasks of the state policy of our country.
OBJECTIVE
Evaluation of the experience of using a pharmacopoeial standard material of measles vaccine activity for measurement of the specific activity of the measles virus in vaccines with a measles component that are used in the Russian Federation for measles prevention.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The object of the study was the Pharmacopoeia reference material (PRM) of the activity of the live measles vaccine of series 10. The activity of PRM was analyzed when determining the specific activity of the measles, mumps-measles and combined vaccines for the prevention of measles, rubella and mumps, as well as based on the materials of the summary protocols for the production of these vaccines.
RESULTS
The titer of the measles virus in the PRM for each determination of the specific activity of the measles virus in vaccines in the Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products in 2021-2022, as well as according to the summary production protocols, was within the boundaries of the certified value (4.63 ± 0.5) lgTCD/0.5 ml, and the test results met the acceptance criteria in accordance with the requirements of regulatory documentation. During the observation period, the average value of the PRM titer (4.61 lgTCD/0.5 ml) practically did not differ compared to the average value of the certified characteristics of the PRM, the standard deviation of the mean value of the measles virus titer in the PRM did not exceed 0.15 lgTCD, which indicated the stability of the analytical work at the enterprise and in IC.
CONCLUSION
The data obtained indicate the stable activity of PRM, the correctness of the determination of the measles virus titer in the vaccination dose of the vaccine, and the validity of the method for monitoring the specific activity of the measles virus in vaccines.
Topics: Humans; Measles Vaccine; Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine; Mumps; Measles; Rubella; Measles virus; Antibodies, Viral; Mumps Vaccine
PubMed: 38156589
DOI: 10.36233/0507-4088-185 -
Environmental Health Perspectives Dec 2023Prenatal exposures to certain poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are associated with reduced humoral responses to some childhood immunizations.
Prenatal Exposure to Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (2009-2014) and Vaccine Antibody Titers of Measles, Mumps, Rubella, and Varicella in Children Four to Eight Years Old from the Healthy Start Cohort.
BACKGROUND
Prenatal exposures to certain poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are associated with reduced humoral responses to some childhood immunizations.
OBJECTIVE
We estimated associations between prenatal PFAS exposure and child antibody titers for measles, mumps, rubella (MMR), and varicella after immunization.
METHODS
We measured serum antibody titers of 145 children (4-8 y old) enrolled in the Healthy Start cohort in Colorado, whose mothers had PFAS quantified mid-pregnancy (2009-2014). We used linear and logistic regression models to assess the relationship between five PFAS detected in of mothers and continuous or non-high-censored ("low") antibody titers and quantile g-computation to evaluate the overall effect of the PFAS mixture.
RESULTS
Median concentrations of individual PFAS were at or below the median reported among females in the United States. After receiving two vaccine doses, seropositive levels of antibodies were detected among most (93%-100%) children. Each log-unit increase in perfluorononanoate was associated with 2.09 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.13, 3.87] times higher odds of a low measles titer, and each log-unit increase in perfluorooctanoate was associated with 2.46 (95% CI: 1.28, 4.75) times higher odds of a low mumps titer. Odds ratios for all other PFAS were elevated, but CIs included the null. Each quartile increase in the PFAS mixture was associated with 1.35 (95% CI: 0.80, 2.26) times higher odds of a low measles titer and 1.44 (95% CI: 0.78, 2.64) times higher odds of a low mumps titer. No significant associations were observed between PFAS and varicella or rubella antibodies. In stratified analyses, associations were negative among female children, except for perfluorohexane sulfonate and varicella, whereas they were positive among males.
DISCUSSION
Some prenatal PFAS were associated with lower antibody titers among fully immunized children. The potential for immunotoxic effects of PFAS requires further investigation in a larger study, because exposure is ubiquitous globally. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP12863.
Topics: Child; Male; Pregnancy; Female; Humans; Child, Preschool; Chickenpox; Mumps; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Rubella; Measles; Vaccines; Fluorocarbons
PubMed: 38147368
DOI: 10.1289/EHP12863 -
Viruses Dec 2023Mumps is a vaccine-preventable disease caused by the mumps virus (MuV). However, MuV has re-emerged in many countries with high vaccine coverage. The World Health...
Mumps is a vaccine-preventable disease caused by the mumps virus (MuV). However, MuV has re-emerged in many countries with high vaccine coverage. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends molecular surveillance based on sequencing of the small hydrophobic (SH) gene. Additionally, the combined use of SH and non-coding regions (NCR) has been described in different studies, proving to be a useful complement marker to discriminate general patterns of circulation at national and international levels. The aim of this work is to test local-level usefulness of the combination of SH and MF-NCR sequencing in tracing hidden transmission clusters and chains during the last epidemic wave (2015-2020) in Spain. A database with 903 cases from the Autonomous Community of Madrid was generated by the integration of microbiological and epidemiological data. Of these, 453 representative cases were genotyped. Eight different SH variants and thirty-four SH haplotypes were detected. Local MuV circulation showed the same temporal pattern previously described at a national level. Only two of the thirteen previously identified outbreaks were caused by more than one variant/haplotype. Geographical representation of SH variants allowed the identification of several previously undetected clusters, which were analysed phylogenetically by the combination of SH and MF-NCR, in a total of 90 cases. MF-NCR was not able to improve the discrimination of geographical clusters based on SH sequencing, showing limited resolution for outbreak investigations.
Topics: Humans; Mumps virus; Phylogeny; Mumps; Disease Outbreaks; Genotype
PubMed: 38140661
DOI: 10.3390/v15122420 -
Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi =... Dec 2023To predict and analyze the incidence trend of mumps using the Autoregressive integrated moving average model (ARIMA) in Jiangxi Province. The ARIMA was used to model...
To predict and analyze the incidence trend of mumps using the Autoregressive integrated moving average model (ARIMA) in Jiangxi Province. The ARIMA was used to model the number of mumps cases per month from 2015 to 2019 in Jiangxi Province. The number of mumps cases in 12 months was predicted and was compared with the actual reported cases in 2020, 2021, and 2022, respectively. The optimal model was ARIMA (0,2,1)(1,2,0). The predicted number of cases was significantly higher than that reported in 2020, 2021 and 2022. The number of reported cases of mumps in 2020, 2021, and 2022 decreased by 54.02%, 63.40%, and 66.09% compared with the forecast. From 2020 to 2022, the reported incidence of mumps in Jiangxi Province was significantly lower than the predicted incidence. Considering that it was related to non-drug intervention measures and changes in immunization strategies, it was suggested to strengthen mumps surveillance further to better cope with the epidemic situation of mumps.
Topics: Humans; Incidence; Mumps; Models, Statistical; Forecasting; Epidemics; China
PubMed: 38129147
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20230529-00338 -
Reumatismo Dec 2023Idiopathic immune myopathies (IIMs) are autoimmune diseases caused by immune-mediated muscle damage. The etiology remains unclear. Epidemiological and experimental...
Idiopathic immune myopathies (IIMs) are autoimmune diseases caused by immune-mediated muscle damage. The etiology remains unclear. Epidemiological and experimental studies, both in animals and humans, hint at viruses as major environmental factors able to trigger aberrant immune responses through many different mechanisms. However, only a few cases of either dermatomyositis or polymyositis following a specific viral infection have been reported in the literature. The objective of this study is to describe the clinical features and the treatment strategy of 2 cases of polymyositis developing shortly after chickenpox and mumps, respectively, and to review the existing literature on the topic. The clinical records of the 2 patients suspected to have developed inflammatory myositis following a viral infection were reviewed. Their clinical history, main laboratory findings, and treatment outcome are presented here. Moreover, a literature search was performed in the PubMed and MEDLINE databases to identify reports describing the association between viral infections and IIMs in patients aged ≥18. The 2 patients reported here developed polymyositis shortly after chickenpox and mumps, respectively, suggesting a causal role for viruses in triggering autoimmunity. Only a few reports published between 1990 and 2020 were found in the literature, possibly linking infections to myositis development. Intravenous immunoglobulin and rituximab were effective for the treatment of viral-triggered polymyositis.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Autoimmune Diseases; Chickenpox; Dermatomyositis; Mumps; Myositis; Polymyositis
PubMed: 38115780
DOI: 10.4081/reumatismo.2023.1562 -
Journal of Medical Virology Dec 2023In May 2019, a measles outbreak occurred in the French subregion of Loire-Atlantique, particularly affecting Roma settlements. Various obstacles hindered the...
In May 2019, a measles outbreak occurred in the French subregion of Loire-Atlantique, particularly affecting Roma settlements. Various obstacles hindered the implementation of postexposure measures among Roma population, resulting in the spread of the cases to other settlements. Suspected cases of measles were immediately investigated and concerned settlements were visited for measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccination. From July 1 to September 3, 2019, a first and then a second Health Reserve team helped for vaccination on the affected and then also the measles-free settlements. Vaccination uptake was monitored with the use of the department's vaccination center immunization registry. Genotyping of selected samples was performed for comparison with viruses circulating at the same time in France and Romania. As of September 16 2019, 109 cases of measles were confirmed among Roma population, including 99 (91%) children under 15 years. Of the 85 people eligible for vaccination, 60 (71%) had not been vaccinated and 23 (27%) had an unknown vaccination status. Sequence comparison revealed that 28/29 sequenced D8 strains were 100% identical to the strain responsible for a large number of cases throughout France in 2019, and to two sequences reported in Romania among sporadic cases. The vaccination campaign resulted in 1136 people on 35 settlements receiving at least one dose of MMR vaccine and in the increase of one-dose MMR vaccine coverage at 24 months from 43% (23/53) to 91% (48/53). With measles transmission continuing in Europe, efforts must be made to meet immunization coverage targets, particularly in hard-to-reach communities where outbreaks may be difficult to control.
Topics: Child; Humans; Disease Outbreaks; France; Measles; Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine; Mumps; Roma; Rubella; Vaccination
PubMed: 38108193
DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29321 -
Internal Medicine (Tokyo, Japan) Dec 2023
PubMed: 38104987
DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.3014-23 -
Skin Research and Technology : Official... Dec 2023Thread lifting is a common minimally invasive plastic surgery procedure. Parotid gland injury caused by thread lifting is a known complication; however, visual evidence...
BACKGROUND
Thread lifting is a common minimally invasive plastic surgery procedure. Parotid gland injury caused by thread lifting is a known complication; however, visual evidence of this complication is lacking.
OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to present cases of parotid gland injury by thread lifting shown using ultrasound and to discuss the importance of ultrasound detection of the location of the parotid gland before thread insertion.
METHODS
This study included eight patients diagnosed with parotid gland perforation and one with parotid duct injury due to threads from November 2020 to October 2022.
RESULTS
Six patients showed tenderness and swelling, three were asymptomatic, and one with duct injury showed severe swelling and pain. Although the severity and duration of symptoms have differed, we confirmed the progress of improvement with conservative treatment and confirmed ultrasound findings progressed.
CONCLUSIONS
Using ultrasound to detect the parotid gland's location before thread lifting might reduce the chance of parotid duct injury. Identifying immediate parotid duct or gland injury with ultrasound can help to act quickly for delayed pain or swelling and reduce the likelihood of additional complications.
Topics: Humans; Parotid Gland; Salivary Ducts; Ultrasonography; Pain; Ultrasonography, Interventional
PubMed: 38093502
DOI: 10.1111/srt.13535