-
Vaccine Feb 2024In France, mumps surveillance is conducted in primary care by the Sentinelles network, the National Reference Centre for Measles, Mumps and Rubella and Santé publique...
What is the relevancy of a surveillance of mumps without a systematic laboratory confirmation in highly immunized populations? Epidemiology of suspected and biologically confirmed mumps cases seen in general practice in France between 2014 and 2020.
BACKGROUND
In France, mumps surveillance is conducted in primary care by the Sentinelles network, the National Reference Centre for Measles, Mumps and Rubella and Santé publique France.
AIM
The objective of this study was to estimate the incidence of suspected mumps in general practice, the proportion of laboratory confirmed cases and the factors associated with a virological confirmation.
METHODS
General practitioners (GPs) participating in the Sentinelles network should report all patients with suspected mumps according to a clinical definition in case of parotitis and a serological definition in case of clinical expression without parotitis. All suspected mumps cases reported between January 2014 and December 2020 were included. A sample of these cases were tested by real time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for mumps biological confirmation.
RESULTS
A total of 252 individuals with suspected mumps were included in the study. The average annual incidence rate of suspected mumps in general practice in France between 2014 and 2020 was estimated at 11 cases per 100,000 population [CI95%: 6-17]. A mumps confirmation RT-PCR test was performed on 146 cases amongst which 17 (11.5 %) were positive. Age (between 20 and 29 years old), the presence of a clinical complication and an exposure to a suspected mumps case within the 21 days prior the current episode were associated with a mumps biological confirmation.
CONCLUSION
If these results confirm the circulation of mumps virus in France, they highlight the limits of a surveillance without a systematic laboratory confirmation in highly immunized populations.
Topics: Humans; Young Adult; Adult; Mumps; Parotitis; Mumps virus; General Practice; France; Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine
PubMed: 38092609
DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.12.017 -
Vaccine Jan 2024We examined the association between socio-demographic determinants and uptake of childhood Measles, Mumps & Rubella (MMR) vaccines and the association between pregnant...
BACKGROUND
We examined the association between socio-demographic determinants and uptake of childhood Measles, Mumps & Rubella (MMR) vaccines and the association between pregnant women's pertussis vaccine uptake and their children's MMR vaccine uptake.
METHODS
We used nationally-representative linked mother-baby electronic records from the United Kingdom's Clinical-Practice-Research-Datalink. We created a birth cohort of children born between 01.01.2000 and 12.12.2020. We estimated the proportion vaccinated with first MMR vaccine by age 2 years and first and second MMR vaccines by age 5 years. We used survival-analysis and Cox proportional hazard models to examine the association between deprivation, ethnicity and maternal age and pertussis vaccination in pregnancy and children's MMR uptake.
RESULTS
Overall, 89.4 % (710,797/795,497) of children had first MMR by age 2 years and 92.6 % (736,495/795,497) by age 5 years. Among children still in the cohort when second MMR was due, 85.9 % (478,480/557,050) had two MMRs by age 5 years. Children from the most-deprived areas, children of Black ethnicity and children of mothers aged < 20 years had increased risk of being unvaccinated compared with children from the least-deprived areas, White children and children of mothers aged 31-40 years: first MMR by 5 years, adjusted Hazard Ratios (HR):0.86 (CI:0.85-0.87), HR:0.87 (CI:0.85-0.88) & HR:0.89 (CI:0.88-0.90) respectively. Deprivation was the determinant associated with the greatest risk of missed second MMR: adjusted HR:0.82 (CI:0.81-0.83). Children of mothers vaccinated in pregnancy were more likely than children of unvaccinated mothers to have MMR vaccines after adjusting for ethnicity, deprivation, and maternal age (First and Second MMRs adjusted HRs:1.43 (CI:1.41-1.45), 1.49 (CI:1.45-1.53).
CONCLUSION
Children from most-deprived areas are less likely to have MMR vaccines compared with children from least-deprived areas. Mothers who take up pregnancy vaccines are more likely to have their children vaccinated with MMR. Healthcare services should promote and facilitate access to both maternal and childhood vaccines during pregnancy.
Topics: Child; Female; Humans; Infant; Pregnancy; Cohort Studies; Demography; Measles; Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine; Mumps; Rubella; United Kingdom; Vaccination
PubMed: 38072757
DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.11.063 -
Environmental Research Feb 2024Exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) has been associated with reduced antibody response to childhood vaccinations. Previous studies have mostly focused...
Exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) has been associated with reduced antibody response to childhood vaccinations. Previous studies have mostly focused on antibodies against diphtheria or tetanus, while fewer studies have assessed antibodies toward attenuated viruses, such as measles, mumps or rubella (MMR). Therefore, we set out to determine associations between prenatal and early postnatal PFAS exposure and vaccine-specific Immunoglobulin G (IgG) in the background-exposed Odense Child Cohort. Blood samples were drawn in pregnancy at gestation weeks 8-16 and from the offspring at age 18 months. In the maternal serum samples we quantified perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) and perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA). In the offspring serum samples we quantified the same five PFAS compounds and IgG towards diphtheria, tetanus and MMR. A total of 880 and 841 children were included in the analyses of diphtheria and tetanus or MMR, respectively. Multiple linear regression models were used for estimation of difference in virus-specific IgG per doubling of PFAS concentrations. Maternal PFAS concentrations were non-significantly inversely associated with most vaccine-specific antibody concentrations. Likewise, child PFAS concentrations were associated with non-significant reductions of antibodies towards tetanus and MMR. A significant reduction in the percent difference in mumps antibody concentration per doubling of child PFNA (-9.2% (95% confidence interval: -17.4;-0.2)), PFHxS (-8.3% (-15.0;-1.0) and PFOS (-7.9% (-14.8;-0.4) was found. These findings are of public health concern, as inadequate response towards childhood vaccines may represent a more general immune dysfunction.
Topics: Female; Humans; Infant; Pregnancy; Alkanesulfonic Acids; Diphtheria; Environmental Pollutants; Fatty Acids; Fluorocarbons; Immunoglobulin G; Mumps; Sulfonic Acids; Tetanus; Vaccines
PubMed: 38042520
DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117814 -
European Journal of Public Health Feb 2024A measles epidemic affected the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region from November 2017 to May 2018 with clusters among Travellers. This indicates that measles vaccination rates...
BACKGROUND
A measles epidemic affected the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region from November 2017 to May 2018 with clusters among Travellers. This indicates that measles vaccination rates among Travellers remain lower than in the general population. The objective of this study was to estimate the 'declarative vaccination' against measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) and to propose a conceptual framework to help identify determinants of MMR vaccination uptake among adult Travellers in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in 2019-20.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study using random sampling was performed and included 612 adult Travellers from 1 November 2019 to 31 March 2020. A conceptual framework to model vaccination adherence was tested among this underserved population by using structural equation modelling. This model included five latent variables: health literacy, attitudes toward preventive measures, stigma, accessibility to care and perceived needs and five measured variables: information received on vaccination, perception of barriers, support for administrative documents, social support and housing conditions.
RESULTS
Individuals who did not answer all the questions linked to the variables included in the model were excluded, thus 347 adults were included in the final sample. The declared vaccination rate against MMR was 74.0%, and 72.4% of the participants were favorable to vaccination. Vaccination adherence was significantly correlated with favorable attitudes toward preventive measures such as having a history of MMR vaccination and not having already refused a recommended vaccine and finally satisfactory information received on vaccination.
DISCUSSION
To improve vaccination adherence, health authorities should lean on personal history with vaccination and on transmitting information on vaccination.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Infant; Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine; Cross-Sectional Studies; Vulnerable Populations; Mumps; Measles; Vaccination; France
PubMed: 38031445
DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckad203 -
Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2023Mumps is an acute generalized infection caused by a . Infection occurs mainly in school-aged children and adolescents and the most prominent clinical manifestation is...
Mumps is an acute generalized infection caused by a . Infection occurs mainly in school-aged children and adolescents and the most prominent clinical manifestation is nonsuppurative swelling and tenderness of the salivary glands, unilaterally or bilaterally. Negative serology for mumps requires a differential diagnosis with other infectious agents, but it is not routine. An 11-year-old girl presented with fever and right-sided parotitis and a negative serology for Mumps. A respiratory panel revealed the presence of Coronavirus OC43 and influenza virus H3N2. Parotitis may be caused by the parainfluenza virus, Epstein-Barr virus, influenza virus, rhinovirus, adenovirus, or other viruses in addition to noninfectious causes such as drugs, immunologic diseases, or obstruction of the salivary tract as predisposing factors. In this case, Coronavirus OC43 and influenza virus H3N2 were detected. The H3N2 has been already reported in the literature, whereas Coronavirus OC43 has never been associated with parotitis before; although, in the present case, the association of the two viruses does not let us conclude which of the two was responsible for the disease.
PubMed: 38003774
DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12111309 -
Transactions of the Royal Society of... Mar 2024The epidemiology of melioidosis in Vietnam, a disease caused by the soil bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei, remains unclear. This study aimed to detect paediatric... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
Newly detected paediatric melioidosis cases in a single referral children's hospital in Ho Chi Minh City indicate the probable underrecognition of melioidosis in South Vietnam.
BACKGROUND
The epidemiology of melioidosis in Vietnam, a disease caused by the soil bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei, remains unclear. This study aimed to detect paediatric melioidosis in South Vietnam and describe clinical features and the geographic distribution.
METHODS
We introduced a simple laboratory algorithm for detecting B. pseudomallei from clinical samples at Children's Hospital 2 in Ho Chi Minh City in July 2015. A retrospective observational study of children <16 y of age with culture-confirmed melioidosis between July 2015 and August 2019 was undertaken.
RESULTS
Thirty-five paediatric cases of melioidosis were detected, with cases originating from 13 of 32 provinces and cities in South Vietnam. The number of paediatric melioidosis cases detected from a certain region correlated with the overall number of inpatients originating from the respective geographic area. Suppurative parotitis (n=15 [42.8%]) was the most common clinical presentation, followed by lung infection (n=10 [28.6%]) and septicaemia (n=7 [20%]). Fourteen (40%) children had disseminated disease, including all cases of lung infection, four cases with central nervous system symptoms and four (11.4%) deaths.
CONCLUSIONS
The patients' origin indicates a wide distribution of melioidosis in South Vietnam. It seems probable that cases not only in children, but also in adults, remain grossly undiagnosed. Further awareness raising and laboratory capacity strengthening are needed in this part of the country.
Topics: Adult; Child; Humans; Burkholderia pseudomallei; Cities; Hospitals; Melioidosis; Referral and Consultation; Vietnam; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 38000070
DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trad080 -
Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and... Dec 2023Acute parotitis in children is a common occurrence with predisposing factors including ductal dysfunction, poor oral hygiene or dental infections, immunosuppression,...
Acute parotitis in children is a common occurrence with predisposing factors including ductal dysfunction, poor oral hygiene or dental infections, immunosuppression, dehydration, or a pre-existing Warthin's tumour. Bacterial or viral infections of the intra-parotid and peri-parotid lymph nodes or the parotid gland parenchyma results in inflammatory followed by suppurative changes which leads to formation of parotid abscess. Surgical drainage is necessary in parotid abscesses not responding to conservative management. Surgical intervention is invasive and has associated risks of injury to the facial nerve and poor cosmetic outcome. We present a case of parotid abscess in a 9-year-old female child which required surgical drainage. In literature, parotid gland abscess arising from a preceeding dental infection in paediatric age group is an uncommon occurence and limited number of cases have been documented. The first line of imaging is ultrasonographic examination of the parotid gland which adds on to the clinical examination. In combination with color doppler, sonography is of immense assistance for diagnosis and evaluation of therapeutic efficacy and also helps guide aspiration or incision and drainage.
PubMed: 37974835
DOI: 10.1007/s12070-023-04030-7 -
Journal of Clinical Medicine Oct 2023Juvenile recurrent parotitis (JRP) is characterised by recurrent episodes of painful parotid swelling in children. JRP is the second most common cause of parotitis in...
Juvenile recurrent parotitis (JRP) is characterised by recurrent episodes of painful parotid swelling in children. JRP is the second most common cause of parotitis in childhood, behind only paramyxovirus. The prevention of recurrent attacks represents the most dramatic and serious aspect of this pathology. Since 2004, different authors have evaluated sialendoscopy for the diagnostic and therapeutic management of JRP. In this paper, we share our clinical experience of the use of sialendoscopy for the treatment of JRP. We document with video sialendoscopy the glandular pathology in four children with a mean age of 11.5 years, who had suffered from 3-6 episodes/year of inflammation prior to treatment. The use of sialendoscopy in our patients was effective in preventing recurrences. For the first time, the videosialendoscopy of a series of children diagnosed with JRP is documented in the literature.
PubMed: 37959307
DOI: 10.3390/jcm12216842 -
Infectious Diseases of Poverty Nov 2023Respiratory infectious diseases (RIDs) remain a pressing public health concern, posing a significant threat to the well-being and lives of individuals. This study delves...
BACKGROUND
Respiratory infectious diseases (RIDs) remain a pressing public health concern, posing a significant threat to the well-being and lives of individuals. This study delves into the incidence of seven primary RIDs during the period 2017-2021, aiming to gain deeper insights into their epidemiological characteristics for the purpose of enhancing control and prevention strategies.
METHODS
Data pertaining to seven notifiable RIDs, namely, seasonal influenza, pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), mumps, scarlet fever, pertussis, rubella and measles, in the mainland of China between 2017 and 2021 were obtained from the National Notifiable Disease Reporting System (NNDRS). Joinpoint regression software was utilized to analyze temporal trends, while SaTScan software with a Poisson probability model was used to assess seasonal and spatial patterns.
RESULTS
A total of 11,963,886 cases of the seven RIDs were reported during 2017-2021, and yielding a five-year average incidence rate of 170.73 per 100,000 individuals. Among these RIDs, seasonal influenza exhibited the highest average incidence rate (94.14 per 100,000), followed by PTB (55.52 per 100,000), mumps (15.16 per 100,000), scarlet fever (4.02 per 100,000), pertussis (1.10 per 100,000), rubella (0.59 per 100,000), and measles (0.21 per 100,000). Males experienced higher incidence rates across all seven RIDs. PTB incidence was notably elevated among farmers and individuals aged over 65, whereas the other RIDs primarily affected children and students under 15 years of age. The incidences of PTB and measles exhibited a declining trend from 2017 to 2021 (APC = -7.53%, P = 0.009; APC = -40.87%, P = 0.02), while the other five RIDs peaked in 2019. Concerning seasonal and spatial distribution, the seven RIDs displayed distinct characteristics, with variations observed for the same RIDs across different regions. The proportion of laboratory-confirmed cases fluctuated among the seven RIDs from 2017 to 2021, with measles and rubella exhibiting higher proportions and mumps and scarlet fever showing lower proportions.
CONCLUSIONS
The incidence of PTB and measles demonstrated a decrease in the mainland of China between 2017 and 2021, while the remaining five RIDs reached a peak in 2019. Overall, RIDs continue to pose a significant public health challenge. Urgent action is required to bolster capacity-building efforts and enhance control and prevention strategies for RIDs, taking into account regional disparities and epidemiological nuances. With the rapid advancement of high-tech solutions, the development and effective implementation of a digital/intelligent RIDs control and prevention system are imperative to facilitate precise surveillance, early warnings, and swift responses.
Topics: Child; Male; Humans; Aged; Mumps; Scarlet Fever; Whooping Cough; Influenza, Human; Communicable Diseases; Measles; Rubella; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary; China; Incidence
PubMed: 37953290
DOI: 10.1186/s40249-023-01147-3 -
Respiratory Medicine Case Reports 2023Sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous disorder of unknown etiology, manifesting with bilateral hilar adenopathy, pulmonary reticular opacities, skin, joint or eye...
Sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous disorder of unknown etiology, manifesting with bilateral hilar adenopathy, pulmonary reticular opacities, skin, joint or eye lesions. Heerfordt-Waldenström Syndrome - a constellation of facial palsy, fever, uveitis and parotitis - is a rare presentation of this disorder. A 47-year-old Chinese woman presented with unintentional weight loss, lethargy with mediastinal and hilar lymphadenopathy. Biopsy of the right paratracheal lymph node via mediastinoscopy showed mycobacterial granulomatous lymphadenitis consistent with tuberculosis with several acid-fast bacilli identified. Lymphoproliferative disorder was ruled out. She was started on treatment for tuberculosis. Eleven weeks into treatment, she developed a right facial palsy accompanied with fever, uveitis and occipital headache. At this juncture, further history revealed a background of recurrent alternating facial palsy and parotid gland enlargement which was treated for Bell's palsy by three different doctors. New nodules appeared in the left lobe of the thyroid gland. Biopsy of a palpable thyroid nodule and a right supraclavicular lymph nodule showed histological features suggestive of sarcoidosis. Fungal and mycobacterial infections were ruled out. In addition, examination of her cerebral spinal fluid showed lymphocytic inflammation. The serum ACE level was not raised. A diagnosis of sarcoidosis with incomplete features of Heerfordt-Waldenström Syndrome along with thyroid and meningeal involvement was made. The patient was commenced on prednisolone and azathioprine and her symptoms responded shortly after. We present a rare case of Heerfordt-Waldenström Syndrome with thyroid and meningeal involvement in a Chinese woman.
PubMed: 37942172
DOI: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2023.101939