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European Journal of Medical Research Dec 2011Pasteurella species, widely known as indigenous organisms in the oral and gastrointestinal floras of many wild and domestic animals, are important pathogens in both...
A case of wound dual infection with Pasteurella dagmatis and Pasteurella canis resulting from a dog bite -- limitations of Vitek-2 system in exact identification of Pasteurella species.
BACKGROUND
Pasteurella species, widely known as indigenous organisms in the oral and gastrointestinal floras of many wild and domestic animals, are important pathogens in both animals and humans. Human infections due to Pasteurella species are in most cases associated with infected injuries following animal bites. We encountered a rare case of dual infections caused by different two Pasteurella species occurred in a previously healthy 25-year-old female sustaining injury by a dog-bite.
METHODOLOGY
Exudates from the open wound of her dog-bite site, together with the saliva of the dog were submitted for bacteriological examination. Predominantly appearing grayish-white smooth colonies with almost the same colonial properties but slightly different glistening grown on chocolate and sheep blood agar plates were characterized morphologically by Gram's stain, biochemically by automated instrument using Vitek 2 system using GN cards together with commercially available kit system, ID-Test HN-20 rapid panels, and genetically by sequencing the 16S rRNA genes of the organism using a Taq DyeDeoxy Terminator Cycle Sequencing and a model 3100 DNA sequencer instrument.
RESULTS
The causative isolates from the dog-bite site were finally identified as P. canis and P. dagmatis from the findings of the morphological, cultural, and biochemical properties together with the comparative sequences of the 16S rRNA genes. Both the isolates were highly susceptible to many antibiotics and the patient was successfully treated with the administration of so-called the first generation cephalosporin, cefazolin followed by so-called the third generation cephalosporin, cefcapene pivoxil. The isolate from the dog was subsequently identified as P. canis, the same species as the isolate from the patient.
CONCLUSIONS
To the best of our knowledge, this was the second report of a dual infection with Pasteurella species consisting of P. dagmatis and P. canis resulting from a dog-bite, followed by the first report of dual infections due to P. dagmatis and P. multocida in 1988. Our isolate finally identified as P. dagmatis was misidentified as P. pneumotripica by means of the Vitek 2 system. The species name "P. dagmatis" was not included in the database of the system. It is also important for routine clinical microbiology laboratories to know the limitation of the automated Vitek 2 system for the accurate identification of Pasteurella species especially P. dagmatis. It should be emphasized that there still exists much room for improvement in Vitek 2 system. Significant improvement of Vitek 2 system especially in the identification of Pasteurella species is urgently desired.
Topics: Adult; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bites and Stings; Cefazolin; Cephalosporins; Dogs; Female; Humans; Pasteurella; Pasteurella Infections; Wound Infection
PubMed: 22112359
DOI: 10.1186/2047-783x-16-12-531 -
Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic... May 2011A set of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays for identification of the most important Pasteurellaceae species encountered in cats and dogs were developed. Primers for...
A set of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays for identification of the most important Pasteurellaceae species encountered in cats and dogs were developed. Primers for Pasteurella multocida were designed to detect a fragment of the kmt, a gene encoding the outer-membrane protein. Primers specific to Pasteurella canis, Pasteurella dagmatis, and Pasteurella stomatis were based on the manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase gene (sodA) and those specific to [Haemophilus] haemoglobinophilus on species-specific sequences of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene. All the primers were tested on respective reference and control strains and applied to the identification of 47 canine and feline field isolates of Pasteurellaceae. The PCR assays were shown to be species specific, providing a valuable supplement to phenotypic identification of species within this group of bacteria.
Topics: Animals; Cat Diseases; Cats; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Pasteurella; Pasteurella Infections; Pasteurellaceae; Pasteurellaceae Infections; Phenotype; Poland; Polymerase Chain Reaction
PubMed: 21908285
DOI: 10.1177/1040638711403434 -
International Journal of Systematic and... Jun 2012Pasteurella species B has so far only been reported from the oral cavity of dogs, cats and a ferret. In the present study, information from 15 recent isolates from...
Pasteurella species B has so far only been reported from the oral cavity of dogs, cats and a ferret. In the present study, information from 15 recent isolates from different sources, including African hedgehogs (Atelerix albiventris), banded mongoose (Mungos mungo), Moholi bushbabies (Galago moholi) and pneumonia of a cat, were compared to five strains investigated previously from bite wounds in humans inflicted by a cat and dog and from gingiva of a cat. rpoB gene sequence comparison showed that 17 isolates, including the reference strain (CCUG 19794(T)), had identical sequences, whereas two were closely related and demonstrated 97.9 and 99.6 % similarity to strain CCUG 19794(T), respectively; the type strain of Pasteurella stomatis was the most closely related strain, with 92.3 % similarity. This is within the mean range (76-100 %) of rpoB gene sequence similarity between species of the same genus within the family Pasteurellaceae. 16S rRNA gene sequencing of four strains selected based on rpoB sequence comparison showed at least 99.7 % similarity between strains of Pasteurella species B, with 96.2 % similarity to the type strain of the closest related species (Pasteurella canis), indicating that Pasteurella species B should have separate species status. Separate species status was also documented when recN sequence comparisons were converted to a genome similarity of 93.7 % within Pasteurella species B and 59.0 % to the type strain of the closest related species (P. canis). Based on analysis of the phylogenetic and phenotypic data, and since most isolates originate from the oral cavities of a diverse group of animals, it is suggested that these bacteria be classified as Pasteurella oralis sp. nov.; the type strain is P683(T) ( = CCUG 19794(T) = CCM 7950(T) = strain 23193(T) = MCCM 00102(T)), obtained from a cat. Previous reports of the type strain have shown ubiquinone-8, demethylmenaquinone-8 and menaquinone-8 as the major quinones. Polyamines in the type strain were reported as diaminopropane, putrescine, cadaverine, sym-norspermidine, spermidine and spermine in a previous investigation, and the major fatty acids of the type strain were reported to be C(16:0), C(16:1)ω7c and C(14:0), with minor amounts of C(18:0) and C(18:1)ω9c. The DNA G+C content of the type strain has been reported to be 40.0 mol%.
Topics: Animals; Cats; DNA, Bacterial; Hedgehogs; Herpestidae; Humans; Molecular Sequence Data; Pasteurella; Pasteurella Infections; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 21841008
DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.035246-0 -
Peritoneal Dialysis International :... 2011
Topics: Aged; Animals; Dogs; Humans; Male; Pasteurella Infections; Peritoneal Dialysis; Peritonitis; Pets
PubMed: 21799062
DOI: 10.3747/pdi.2011.00007 -
Harefuah Jan 2011Pasteurella spp. is a natural habitant of the oral flora and digestive tract of various domestic animals. There are several species of Pasteurella which can cause...
Pasteurella spp. is a natural habitant of the oral flora and digestive tract of various domestic animals. There are several species of Pasteurella which can cause disease in humans. The most common species is Pmultocida, generally associated with an animal bite. The infection that evolves is usually constricted to the area of the bite. Systemic forms of infection are rare and were described in patients with underlying diseases. The authors would like to report on a case of a healthy 21-month-old child diagnosed with Pasteurella canis bacteremia after exposure to rabbit secretions. To our knowledge, this is the first report of bacteremia which was caused by Pasteurella canis.
Topics: Animals; Bacteremia; Humans; Infant; Male; Pasteurella; Pasteurella Infections; Rabbits; Zoonoses
PubMed: 21449149
DOI: No ID Found -
Acta Veterinaria Hungarica Dec 2010A clinicopathological case study of vertebral osteomyelitis caused by Pasteurella canis in a 2.5-year-old male Jack Russell Terrier is presented. The case was...
A clinicopathological case study of vertebral osteomyelitis caused by Pasteurella canis in a 2.5-year-old male Jack Russell Terrier is presented. The case was characterised by a chronic course with signs of spinal pain and acute paraplegia. The diagnosis was established by radiography, myelography, post-myelographic CT examination, and laboratory tests including routine blood work and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology, and confirmed by postmortem pathological and microbiological examinations. Diagnostic imaging showed severe osteolysis, ventral spondylosis and spinal cord compression at the 4th and 5th lumbar vertebrae. The blood tests revealed mild leukocytosis and anaemia, while CSF cytology showed lymphocytic and mononuclear pleocytosis. Necropsy demonstrated severe osteomyelitis and meningomyelitis, but the source of infection could not be established. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first description of canine vertebral osteomyelitis caused by this organism.
Topics: Animals; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Male; Osteomyelitis; Pasteurella; Pasteurella Infections; Spinal Cord Diseases; Spine
PubMed: 21087911
DOI: 10.1556/AVet.58.2010.4.2 -
Infection Dec 2010Severe human infections caused by the Pasteurella species are typically seen following animal bites. P. canis is a species that rarely affects humans and has never been...
Severe human infections caused by the Pasteurella species are typically seen following animal bites. P. canis is a species that rarely affects humans and has never been found in systemic infections. Here, we report the first documented case of P. canis bacteremia in an infected human, thought to be caused by a dog lick to an open leg wound.
Topics: Aged; Animals; Bacteremia; Dogs; Humans; Leg; Male; Pasteurella; Pasteurella Infections; Wound Infection
PubMed: 20623245
DOI: 10.1007/s15010-010-0040-1 -
Identification and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of bacteria causing otitis externa in dogs.Veterinary Research Communications Jun 2010Bacterial agents are considered important pathogens causing external otitis in dogs. It is essential to carry out bacterial culture and antimicrobial susceptibility test...
Bacterial agents are considered important pathogens causing external otitis in dogs. It is essential to carry out bacterial culture and antimicrobial susceptibility test in the case of otitis externa, particularly for chronic or recurring cases. Sterile swab samples were obtained from terminal part of vertical ear canals of 74 dogs with otitis externa for cytology, bacterial culture and antimicrobial susceptibility test. Cytologic smears were stained using Gram and Giemsa staining methods. Aerobic bacterial culture performed on blood agar and MacConkey agar. Among total number of 92 isolated bacteria, 68 were Staphylococcus intermedius. Other isolated bacteria included: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Escherichia coli, Pasteurella canis, and six other species of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus. Antimicrobial susceptibility test were performed for all isolated bacteria using 14 antibiotics. Based on the results of this study, all isolated Staphylococcus spp. were sensitive to amikacin, enrofloxacin, and rifampin, and had low resistance to gentamicin, cephalothin and ceftriaxone. More than half of gram-positive isolates were resistant to penicillin and ampicillin. Generally, all isolated gram-negative bacteria, were sensitive to amikacin and enrofloxacin, and had low resistance to ceftriaxone and gentamicin. They were highly resistant to penicillin, eythromycin, and cephalothin. Regarding the results of this study, in cases of uncomplicated otitis externa, it is possible to select antimicrobial drugs merely based on cytology, but it is recommended to perform bacterial culture and antimicrobial susceptibility test. However, in complicated or refractory cases, antimicrobials should be selected based on bacterial culture and antimicrobial susceptibility test.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Infective Agents; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Otitis Externa; Pasteurella; Pasteurella Infections; Proteus Infections; Proteus mirabilis; Pseudomonas Infections; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus
PubMed: 20526674
DOI: 10.1007/s11259-010-9417-y -
Medecine Et Maladies Infectieuses Oct 2010
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Aged; Animals; Arthritis, Infectious; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee; Bites and Stings; Dogs; Female; Femur Head Necrosis; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Pasteurella; Pasteurella Infections; Prosthesis-Related Infections; Spondylitis, Ankylosing; Wound Infection
PubMed: 20462714
DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2010.02.006 -
Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic... Nov 2009Several bacteria belonging to the family Pasteurellaceae are potential pathogens in rabbits. In particular, Pasteurella multocida is considered to be important, and...
Several bacteria belonging to the family Pasteurellaceae are potential pathogens in rabbits. In particular, Pasteurella multocida is considered to be important, and outbreaks caused by this species result in considerable economic losses in rabbitries. However, Pasteurellaceae spp. isolated from rabbits are poorly characterized, and thus, proper identification of P. multocida isolates from these animals is problematic and often unsatisfactory, thereby hampering epidemiological investigations. Therefore, 228 isolates from rabbit populations originating from a breeding and fattening organization with group management and postmortem cases with pasteurellosis from individual owners were phenotypically and genotypically analyzed using biochemical tests and repetitive extragenic palindromic polymerase chain reaction (REP-PCR). Furthermore, 41 samples representing observed phenotypes were selected for phylogenetic analysis using 16S ribosomal RNA and rpoB genes. The REP-PCR typing and phylogenetic analyses correlated well and appeared to be distinct molecular methods for characterization of rabbit isolates. Phenotyping, however, diverged from molecular recognition, reflecting the problematic conventional diagnosis of these strains. The fermentation of sorbitol appeared to be an imprecise indicator for P. multocida subspecies classification. According to REP-PCR and sequencing results, 82% of the isolates were characterized as P. multocida subsp. multocida, 3% as P. multocida subsp. septica, and 5% as P. multocida. Further, 5% were identified as Pasteurella canis. The other 5% represented a homogeneous group of unknown species belonging to the Pasteurellaceae. Samples obtained from individual postmortem cases demonstrated a higher phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity than samples from group management rabbits.
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Proteins; DNA Primers; Genotype; Pasteurella Infections; Pasteurella multocida; Phenotype; Phylogeny; Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Rabbits; Respiratory Tract Infections; Switzerland
PubMed: 19901279
DOI: 10.1177/104063870902100605