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Cellular and Molecular Biology... Jun 2024Hypospadias, an oft-occurring penis anomaly, ranks among neonatal's foremost birth defects. The SRD5A2 can affect male reproductive system development and is abnormally...
Hypospadias, an oft-occurring penis anomaly, ranks among neonatal's foremost birth defects. The SRD5A2 can affect male reproductive system development and is abnormally expressed in its epithelial cells. This study exploration aimed at understanding the role of SRD5A2 in the development of hypospadias from a molecular perspective. SRD5A2 levels in hypospadias primary cells were analyzed by Western blot, while targeted interaction with miR-1199-5p was ascertained by dual-luciferase gene reporter assay. In vitro biological experiments were used to confirm the biological function of SRD5A2 in hypospadias. SRD5A2 expression was significantly upregulated, and miR-1199-5p expression was significantly downregulated in hypospadias primary cells. Intervention of SRD5A2 expression can affect cell proliferation, migration, invasion, EMT, and the expression of cell cycle-related proteins. Additionally, we found that SRD5A2 is regulated by upstream miR-1199-5p and can enhance the effect of SRD5A2 on hypospadias cells. Conclusions Silencing SRD5A2 promotes cell proliferation, invasion, and migration blocks the cell cycle at the G1 phase, and simultaneously promotes EMT, cell cycle, and cell proliferation-related protein expression. The biological function of SRD5A2 in hypospadias cells is regulated by miR-1199-5p. SRD5A2 may be an effective therapeutic target for hypospadias.
Topics: Hypospadias; Male; Humans; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition; 3-Oxo-5-alpha-Steroid 4-Dehydrogenase; Cell Proliferation; Membrane Proteins; MicroRNAs; Cell Movement
PubMed: 38836672
DOI: 10.14715/cmb/2024.70.6.19 -
Cureus May 2024A 57-year-old African-American male presented with urinary retention secondary to a history of balanitis xerotica obliterans (BXO) concurrent with penile carcinoma....
A 57-year-old African-American male presented with urinary retention secondary to a history of balanitis xerotica obliterans (BXO) concurrent with penile carcinoma. BXO, characterized by chronic, sclerosing inflammation of the male external genitalia, presents significant clinical challenges due to its progressive nature and potential for complications. The patient experienced recurrent episodes of urinary retention, leading to multiple hospital visits and disease progression, prompting a comprehensive evaluation and intervention. The patient's medical history revealed a complex array of comorbidities, including penile carcinoma secondary to BXO, urethral strictures, and meatal stenosis. Clinical assessment, including bedside bladder ultrasound and laboratory investigations, confirmed urinary retention secondary to urethral stricture, necessitating urological consultation. Management strategies involved Foley catheter placement, urethral dilation, and pharmacological interventions for pain management. Subsequent follow-up and imaging evaluations identified an increased risk of carcinoma development, highlighting the importance of surveillance and early intervention in patients with BXO. This case report highlights the intricate clinical manifestations and therapeutic considerations encountered in managing BXO and its associated pathologies.
PubMed: 38832208
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.59555 -
Diagnostic Pathology Jun 2024Primary testicular lymphoma (PTL) is relatively rare. The contralateral testis is a common site of PTL relapse; therefore, once complete remission is achieved, radiation...
BACKGROUND
Primary testicular lymphoma (PTL) is relatively rare. The contralateral testis is a common site of PTL relapse; therefore, once complete remission is achieved, radiation therapy (RT) is administered to the contralateral testis to prevent relapse.
CASE PRESENTATION
A 76-year-old man was diagnosed with PTL and received RT as described above. However, despite achieving and maintaining complete remission, a mass diagnosed as diffuse large B-cell lymphoma by tissue biopsy developed in the glans penis 6.5 years after prophylactic RT. We investigated whether the glans penile lymphoma was PTL relapse or a new malignancy by genomic analysis using next-generation sequencing of DNA extracted from two histopathological specimens.
CONCLUSIONS
We found the same variant allele fraction in four somatic genes (MYD88, IL7R, BLNK, and FLT3) at similar frequencies, indicating that the glans penile lymphoma had the same origin as the PTL. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of PTL relapse in the glans penis.
Topics: Humans; Male; Aged; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Testicular Neoplasms; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Penile Neoplasms; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local
PubMed: 38831436
DOI: 10.1186/s13000-024-01498-x -
The Journal of Sexual Medicine May 2024Penile deformities due to Peyronie's Disease (PD) often significantly impair men's sexual health and quality of life. (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Penile deformities due to Peyronie's Disease (PD) often significantly impair men's sexual health and quality of life.
AIM
In this article we discuss the extratunical graft (ETG) procedure as a management strategy for PD patients with hourglass or indent penile deformities.
METHODS
We compiled descriptions of surgical techniques and performed a review of the literature regarding ETG for PD.
OUTCOMES
The ETG procedure appears to have promising results in the management of indent/hourglass deformity of PD.
RESULTS
The findings of this review of the literature demonstrate that ETG is a safe and effective reconstructive technique for penile deformity with minimal side effects.
CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS
We recommend utilizing ETG with or without plication for PD patients with indent or hourglass deformities.
STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS
Strengths of ETG are the improvement in patients with tunical indents and hourglass deformities secondary to PD. Additionally, patients who underwent ETG maintained sexual function given no significant change in penile length and intact erectile function. Limitations, however, are that the procedure is relatively new, and data are limited to small cohorts.
CONCLUSION
The ETG procedure is a safe and effective for management of complex PD in the short- and intermediate-term follow-up cohort.
Topics: Humans; Penile Induration; Male; Penis; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Quality of Life
PubMed: 38825575
DOI: 10.1093/jsxmed/qdae049 -
Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease May 2024
PubMed: 38825297
DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2024.102728 -
Clinical Genitourinary Cancer Aug 2024This study aimed to investigate disease-free survival (DFS) outcomes and associated prognostic factors among surgically treated penile cancer patients at Songklanagarind...
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to investigate disease-free survival (DFS) outcomes and associated prognostic factors among surgically treated penile cancer patients at Songklanagarind Hospital, Thailand, over a 20-year period.
METHODS
A retrospective analysis was conducted on 208 primary penile cancer patients treated between January 2001 and December 2022. Disease-free survival was assessed using Kaplan-Meier survival curves, and Cox proportional hazard models were employed for multivariate analysis.
RESULTS
All of patients (100%) were squamous cell carcinoma of penis, with 38.9% having T1 tumors, 70.7% well-differentiated tumors, and 32.6% diagnosed at stage III. The recurrence rate was 16.8%, with a mean time to recurrence of 25.9 months. Disease-free survival rates at 1, 3, and 5 years were 82.1%, 72%, and 70.2%, respectively. Median overall survival was 18.2 months, with rates at 1, 3, and 5 years at 68.7%, 44.7%, and 36.4%, respectively. Significant associations were found between disease-free survival and higher T stage, clinical chronic inflammation, delayed onset of symptoms, primary lesion location, groin node metastasis, lymphovascular invasion, and pelvic lymph node metastases. However, multivariate analysis revealed that higher primary tumor stage (T) was the only independent prognostic factor for disease-free survival.
CONCLUSION
This study provides valuable insights into disease-free survival outcomes in penile cancer treatment at a single institution over an extended period. Higher pathologic T stage emerged as the sole independent prognostic factor for disease-free survival. Further validation through large-scale prospective studies is warranted.
Topics: Humans; Male; Penile Neoplasms; Retrospective Studies; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Middle Aged; Aged; Prognosis; Disease-Free Survival; Thailand; Adult; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Neoplasm Staging; Aged, 80 and over; Kaplan-Meier Estimate; Survival Rate; Lymphatic Metastasis
PubMed: 38820999
DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2024.102117 -
Cutis Apr 2024
Topics: Humans; Male; Penile Diseases; Skin Ulcer; Malignant Atrophic Papulosis; Middle Aged; Pain
PubMed: 38820110
DOI: 10.12788/cutis.1009 -
The Medical Journal of Malaysia May 2024Hypospadias is a congenital malformation of the urethral meatus in the ventral penis that requires surgery. Fibre and fluid intake can accelerate the healing process,... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
INTRODUCTION
Hypospadias is a congenital malformation of the urethral meatus in the ventral penis that requires surgery. Fibre and fluid intake can accelerate the healing process, act as an anti-inflammatory and support the success of surgery. Based on hypospadias objective scoring evaluation (HOSE) scoring, this study aims to determine whether a high-fibre diet and adequate fluid intake affect the outcome of hypospadias surgery.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This analytic observational study used a case-control study design on 104 post-operative hypospadias patients at Ulin and Siaga Hospital Banjarmasin from 2018 to 2023 with quota sampling. Data were collected using personal data forms with hypospadias objective scoring evaluation (HOSE) and semi-quantitativefood frequency questionnaire (SQ-FFQ), which were analysed using a multinomial logistic regression test.
RESULTS
Patients with less-fibre-intake had a 99.10% lower chance of having an excellent surgical outcome than patients with moderate-fibre-intake (Adjusted Odds Ratio, Adj. OR: 0.009, 95% Confidence Intervals; 95%CI: 0.000, 0.249), and it was statistically significant. The study did not find any association between fluid intake and surgical outcome, this could be due to the fact that most of the patient had good fluid intake.
CONCLUSION
The study found that high fibre intake increases the success of hypospadia surgery.
Topics: Humans; Hypospadias; Male; Case-Control Studies; Dietary Fiber; Child, Preschool; Child; Treatment Outcome; Drinking; Infant; Urologic Surgical Procedures, Male
PubMed: 38817067
DOI: No ID Found -
Radiographics : a Review Publication of... Jun 2024High-frequency US, with a linear transducer and gray-scale, color, and spectral Doppler US techniques, is the primary imaging modality for evaluation of the penis. It... (Review)
Review
High-frequency US, with a linear transducer and gray-scale, color, and spectral Doppler US techniques, is the primary imaging modality for evaluation of the penis. It can allow delineation of anatomy and assessment of dynamic blood flow; it is easily available and noninvasive or minimally invasive; it is cost effective; and it is well tolerated by patients. US assessment after pharmacologic induction of erection is an additional tool in assessing patients with suspected vasculogenic impotence, and also in selected patients with penile trauma and suspected Peyronie disease. Penile injuries, life-threatening infections, and vascular conditions such as priapism warrant rapid diagnosis to prevent long-term morbidities due to clinical misdiagnosis or delayed treatment. US can facilitate a timely diagnosis in these emergency conditions, even at the point of care such as the emergency department, which can facilitate timely treatment. In addition, color and spectral Doppler US are valuable applications in the follow-up of patients treated with endovascular revascularization procedures for vasculogenic erectile dysfunction. Image optimization and attention to meticulous techniques including Doppler US is vital to improve diagnostic accuracy. Radiologists should be familiar with the detailed US anatomy, pathophysiologic characteristics, scanning techniques, potential pitfalls, and US manifestations of a wide spectrum of vascular and nonvascular penile conditions to suggest an accurate diagnosis and direct further management. The authors review a range of common and uncommon abnormalities of the penis, highlight their key US features, discuss differential diagnosis considerations, and briefly review management. RSNA, 2024 Supplemental material is available for this article.
Topics: Humans; Male; Penis; Penile Diseases; Erectile Dysfunction; Ultrasonography; Diagnosis, Differential
PubMed: 38814798
DOI: 10.1148/rg.230157 -
Scientific Reports May 2024Extracellular vesicles have emerged as important mediators of cell-to-cell communication in the pathophysiology of fibrotic diseases. One such disease is Peyronie's...
Extracellular vesicles have emerged as important mediators of cell-to-cell communication in the pathophysiology of fibrotic diseases. One such disease is Peyronie's disease (PD), a fibrotic disorder of the penis caused by uncontrolled transformation of resident fibroblasts to alpha-smooth muscle actin positive myofibroblasts. These cells produce large amounts of extracellular matrix, leading to formation of a plaque in the penile tunica albuginea (TA), causing pain, penile curvature, and erectile dysfunction. We have used primary fibroblasts derived from the TA of PD patients to explore the role of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), a key signalling factor in this process. TGF-β1 treatment elicited a range of responses from the myofibroblasts: (i) they secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs) that were more numerous and differed in size and shape from those secreted by fibroblasts, (ii) these EVs prevented TGF-β1-induced transformation of fibroblasts in a manner that was dependent on vesicle uptake and (iii) they prevented phosphorylation of Erk1/2, a critical component in modulating fibrogenic phenotypic responses, but did not affect TGF-β1-induced Smad-signalling. We posit that this effect could be linked to enrichment of TSG-6 in myofibroblast-derived EVs. The ability of myofibroblast-derived vesicles to prevent further myofibroblast transformation may establish them as part of an anti-fibrotic negative feedback loop, with potential to be exploited for future therapeutic approaches.
Topics: Extracellular Vesicles; Transforming Growth Factor beta1; Humans; Myofibroblasts; Phosphorylation; Male; Fibroblasts; Cell Adhesion Molecules; MAP Kinase Signaling System; Penile Induration; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; Cells, Cultured; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 38811625
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62123-x