-
The Journal of General and Applied... May 2024Proteolytic enzymes stand out as the most widely employed category utilized in manufacturing industry. A new protease was separated from Planococcus sp.11815 strain and...
Proteolytic enzymes stand out as the most widely employed category utilized in manufacturing industry. A new protease was separated from Planococcus sp.11815 strain and named as nprS-15615 in this research. The gene of this protease has not been reported, and its enzymatic properties have been studied for the first time. To enhance enzyme production, the Planococcus sp. protease gene was expressed in Bacillus licheniformis 2709. The expression level of nprS-15615 was observed under the control of regulatory elements P. nprS-15615 protease activity reached 1186.24±32.87 U/mL after 48 hours of cultivation in shake flasks which was nearly four times the output of the original bacteria (291.38±25.73U/mL). The optimum temperature and pH of the recombinant protease were 30 ℃ and 8.0, respectively.The enzyme exhibited the highest capacity for hydrolyzing casein and demonstrated resilience towards a NaCl concentration of 10.0% (wt/v). Furthermore, in the presence of 0.5% surfactants, the recombinant protease activity can maintain above 75%, and with the existence of 0.5% liquid detergents, there was basically no loss of enzyme activity which indicated that nprS-15615 had good compatibility with surfactants and liquid detergents. In addition, npS-15615 performed well in the washing experiment, and the washing effect at 20 ℃ can be significantly improved by adding crude enzyme solution in the washing process.
Topics: Detergents; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Temperature; Metalloproteases; Recombinant Proteins; Bacterial Proteins; Bacillus licheniformis; Enzyme Stability; Planococcus Bacteria; Caseins; Gene Expression; Cloning, Molecular; Surface-Active Agents; Hydrolysis
PubMed: 37880082
DOI: 10.2323/jgam.2023.09.002 -
Journal of Environmental Quality 2024The urealytically active microorganism Sporosarcina luteola induces the precipitation of metals, which has attracted attention in biomineralization, bioremediation, and...
The urealytically active microorganism Sporosarcina luteola induces the precipitation of metals, which has attracted attention in biomineralization, bioremediation, and industrial waste recycling. Herein, we report a novel biosurfactant-producing strain of S. luteola ME44 isolated from Chinese Oilfield. The structure, composition, and surface activity of the biosurfactants produced by S. luteola ME44 were investigated by using a combination of the high-performance liquid chromatography, time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and surface tensiometer. The biosurfactant extracted by strain ME44 was identified as surfactin with five variants and the yield was 1010 ± 60 mg⋅L . This is the first report on the structural composition and surface activity of biosurfactants isolated from the S. luteola. It extended our knowledge about the role of the species S. luteola in the ecosystem of extreme natural environments such as oil reservoir. In addition, S. luteola ME44 showed bioprecipitation properties for metal ions Cd(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), and Ag(I), which indicated the application potential of S. luteola in the field of bioremediation.
Topics: Oil and Gas Fields; Ecosystem; Surface-Active Agents; Sporosarcina; Biodegradation, Environmental
PubMed: 37830264
DOI: 10.1002/jeq2.20523 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2023In order to investigate and develop functional foods of marine origin with hypoglycemic activity, polysaccharide-Zn(II) (EZ) complex was first prepared by marine...
In order to investigate and develop functional foods of marine origin with hypoglycemic activity, polysaccharide-Zn(II) (EZ) complex was first prepared by marine resourced polysaccharide (EP) and ZnSO and their anti-diabetes activities against high-sugar and high-fat-induced diabetic mice were evaluated. The detailed structural characterization of EZ was elucidated by UV-Vis spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and monosaccharide composition determination. The pharmacological research suggests that EZ has a potent hypoglycemic effect on high-sugar and high-fat-induced diabetic mice by inhibiting insulin resistance, improving dyslipidemia, decreasing inflammatory status, repairing pancreas damage, as well as activating the IRS/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and regulating GLUT2 gene expression. At the same time, microbiota analysis indicates that a high dose of EZ could enhance the abundance of dominant species, such as , , , , and , in intestinal microbiota distribution. Thus, EZ could be considered as a potential candidate for developing an ingredient of functional foods for Zn(II) supplements with hypoglycemic activity.
PubMed: 37569125
DOI: 10.3390/foods12152854 -
Environmental Science and Pollution... Aug 2023The microbial reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) is widely applied, but most studies ignored the stability of reduction products. In this study, the Cr(VI)-reducing...
The microbial reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) is widely applied, but most studies ignored the stability of reduction products. In this study, the Cr(VI)-reducing bacterium of Sporosarcina saromensis combined with microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) was used to explore the reduction and mineralization mechanisms of Cr(VI). The results indicated that the high concentration of Ca could significantly enhance the reduction and mineralization of Cr(VI). The highest reduction and mineralization efficiencies of 99.5% and 55.9% were achieved at 4 g/L Ca. Moreover, the urease activity of S. saromensis in the experimental group was up to 13.28 U/mg NH-N. Besides, the characteristic results revealed that Cr(VI) and reduced Cr(III) were absorbed on the surface or got into the interspace of CaCO, which produced a new stable phase (CaCrO(CO)). Overall, the combination of S. saromensis and MICP technology might be a high-efficiency and environmentally friendly strategy for further application in the Cr(VI)-containing groundwater.
Topics: Chromium; Carbonates; Sporosarcina; Calcium Carbonate
PubMed: 37442938
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28536-3 -
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Aug 2023Current production of traditional concrete requires enormous energy investment that accounts for approximately 5 to 8% of the world's annual CO production. Biocement is... (Review)
Review
Current production of traditional concrete requires enormous energy investment that accounts for approximately 5 to 8% of the world's annual CO production. Biocement is a building material that is already in industrial use and has the potential to rival traditional concrete as a more convenient and more environmentally friendly alternative. Biocement relies on biological structures (enzymes, cells, and/or cellular superstructures) to mineralize and bind particles in aggregate materials (e.g., sand and soil particles). Sporosarcina pasteurii is a workhorse organism for biocementation, but most research to date has focused on as a building material rather than a biological system. In this review, we synthesize available materials science, microbiology, biochemistry, and cell biology evidence regarding biological CaCO precipitation and the role of microbes in microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) with a focus on . Based on the available information, we provide a model that describes the molecular and cellular processes involved in converting feedstock material (urea and Ca) into cement. The model provides a foundational framework that we use to highlight particular targets for researchers as they proceed into optimizing the biology of MICP for biocement production.
Topics: Ammonium Compounds; Calcium Carbonate; Chemical Precipitation; Conservation of Energy Resources; Industrial Microbiology; Sporosarcina; Urea
PubMed: 37439668
DOI: 10.1128/aem.01794-22 -
Journal of Environmental Management Oct 2023With the recent increases in energy demands, the dust hazards of coal mining caused by transportation, loading and unloading and other processes are becoming...
With the recent increases in energy demands, the dust hazards of coal mining caused by transportation, loading and unloading and other processes are becoming increasingly serious. To control dust in open pit coal mines more environmentally friendly and efficiently, and to promote the use and development of non-in situ high-yield urease microorganisms for dust suppression in coal mines, Bacillus pasteurii was selected for dust suppression experiments in this article. Additionally, the growth of microorganisms in the coal dust microenvironment was simulated, and the effect of microbial mineralization products on the calorific value of upper coal dust was further studied. Our findings indicated that Bacillus pasteurii induced dust suppression by forming a calcite precipitate with non-uniform particle size to coal dust cementation. Moreover, after a single spray, the wind erosion resistance efficiency was 84% when the wind speed was set at 10 m/s. The growth of microorganisms and urease activity in the coal dust leachate were largely equal to those in the control group, reaching a peak at approximately 24 h, that the maximum growth quantity of OD was about 1.5, and the maximum urease activity was 11 mmol·L·min. The difference between the peak heat release rate of mixed coal dust and pure coal was only 4.82 kW/m, which would not affect the value of coal products. Non in-situ Bacillus pasteurii can be growth metabolized normally in the microenvironment of coal dust. Finally, the mechanism of coal dust suppression by mineralization of microbial bacterial solution to form calcium carbonate was described by a reaction equation, which is important for further application and development of microbial dust suppressants.
Topics: Dust; Urease; Sporosarcina; Calcium Carbonate; Minerals; Coal; Coal Mining
PubMed: 37229857
DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118181 -
PloS One 2023Gram-positive, aerobic, motile, rod-shaped, mesophilic epiphytic bacterium Planomicrobium okeanokoites was isolated from the surface of endemic species Himantothallus...
Gram-positive, aerobic, motile, rod-shaped, mesophilic epiphytic bacterium Planomicrobium okeanokoites was isolated from the surface of endemic species Himantothallus grandifolius in Larsemann Hills, Eastern Antarctica. The diversity of epiphytic bacterial communities living on marine algae remains primarily unexplored; virtually no reports from Antarctic seaweeds. The present study used morpho-molecular approaches for the macroalgae and epiphytic bacterium characterization. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using mitochondrial genome encoded COX1 gene; chloroplast genome encodes rbcL; nuclear genome encoded large subunit ribosomal RNA gene (LSU rRNA) for Himantothallus grandifolius and ribosomal encoded 16S rRNA for Planomicrobium okeanokoites. Morphological and molecular data revealed that the isolate is identified as Himantothallus grandifolius, which belongs to Family Desmarestiaceae of Order Desmarestiales in Class Phaeophyceae showing 99.8% similarity to the sequences of Himantothallus grandifolius, from King George Island, Antarctica (HE866853). The isolated bacterial strain was identified on the basis of chemotaxonomic, morpho-phylogenetic, and biochemical assays. A phylogenetic study based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the epiphytic bacterial strain SLA-357 was closest related to the Planomicrobium okeanokoites showing 98.7% sequence similarity. The study revealed the first report of this species from the Southern Hemisphere to date. Also, there has been no report regarding the association between the Planomicrobium okeanokoites and Himantothallus grandifolius; however, there are some reports on this bacterium isolated from sediments, soils, and lakes from Northern Hemisphere. This study may open a gateway for further research to know about the mode of interactions and how they affect the physiology and metabolism of each other.
Topics: RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Phylogeny; Planococcaceae; Phaeophyceae; Bacteria; Seaweed; Antarctic Regions; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Bacterial Typing Techniques
PubMed: 37058520
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282516 -
World Journal of Microbiology &... Jan 2023The coexistence of heavy metals (HMs) and petroleum hydrocarbons (PHs) exacerbates ecotoxicity and impair the drivers of eco-functionalities that stimulate essential...
Heavy metals assessment of ecosystem polluted with wastewaters and taxonomic profiling of multi-resistant bacteria with potential for petroleum hydrocarbon catabolism in nitrogen-limiting medium.
The coexistence of heavy metals (HMs) and petroleum hydrocarbons (PHs) exacerbates ecotoxicity and impair the drivers of eco-functionalities that stimulate essential nutrients for the productivity of the impacted environment. Profiling the bacteria that stem the ecological impact via HMs sequestration and PHs catabolism with nitrogen fixation is imperative to bioremediation of the polluted sites. The sediment of site that was consistently contaminated with industrial wastewaters was analysed for ecological toxicants and the bacterial strains that combined HMs resistance with PHs catabolism in a nitrogen-limiting system were isolated from the sediment and characterized. The geochemistry of the samples revealed the co-occurrence of the above-benchmark concentrations of HMs with the derivatives of hydrocarbons. Notwithstanding, nickel and mercury (with 5% each of the total metal concentrations in the polluted site) exhibited probable effect concentrations on the biota and thus hazardous to the ecosystem. Approx. 31% of the bacterial community, comprising unclassified Planococcaceae, unclassified Bradyrhizobiaceae, Rhodococcus, and Bacillus species, resisted 160 µmol Hg in the nitrogen-limiting system within 24 h post-inoculation. The bacterial strains adopt volatilization, and sometimes in combination with adsorption/bioaccumulation strategies to sequester Hg toxicity while utilizing PHs as sources of carbon and energy. Efficient metabolism of petroleum biomarkers (> 87%) and Hg sequestration (≥ 75% of 40 µmol Hg) displayed by the selected bacterial strains portend the potential applicability of the bacilli for biotechnological restoration of the polluted site.
Topics: Petroleum; Wastewater; Ecosystem; Metals, Heavy; Bacteria; Biodegradation, Environmental; Hydrocarbons; Bacillus; Mercury
PubMed: 36693977
DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03524-4 -
Environmental Research Feb 2023In order to solve the dust problem caused by sandstorms, this paper aims to propose a new method of enriching urease-producing microbial communities in seawater in a...
In order to solve the dust problem caused by sandstorms, this paper aims to propose a new method of enriching urease-producing microbial communities in seawater in a non-sterile environment. Besides, the difference of dust suppression performance of enriched microorganisms under different pH conditions was also explored to adapt the dust. The Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed the formation of CaCO. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) further showed that the crystal forms of CaCO were calcite and vaterite. When urease activity was equivalent, the alkaline environment was conducive to the transformation of CaCO to more stable calcite. The mineralization rate at pH = 10 reached the maximum value on the 7 day, which was 97.49 ± 1.73%. Moreover, microbial community analysis results showed that the relative abundance of microbial community structure was different under different pH enrichment. Besides, the relative abundance of Sporosarcina, a representative genus of urease-producing microbial community, increased with the increase of pH under culture conditions, which consistent with the mineralization performance results. In addition, the genus level species network diagram also showed that in the microbial community, Sporosarcina was negatively correlated with another urease-producing genus Bacillus, and had a reciprocal relationship with Atopostipes, which means that the urease-producing microbial community was structurally stable. The enrichment of urease-producing microbial communities in seawater will provide empirical support for the large-scale engineering application of MICP technology in preventing and controlling sandstorms in deserts.
Topics: Urease; Calcium Carbonate; Sporosarcina; X-Ray Diffraction; Seawater
PubMed: 36549485
DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.115121 -
Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek Mar 2023A Gram-stain-positive, motile, and rod-shaped bacterium, designated as strain MB25, was isolated from the gut of Cyprinus carpio from the highly polluted river Yamuna,...
Taxonomic and genomic characterization of Sporosarcina cyprini sp. nov., moderately tolerant of Cr and Cd isolated from the gut of invasive fish Cyprinus carpio var. communis (Linn., 1758).
A Gram-stain-positive, motile, and rod-shaped bacterium, designated as strain MB25, was isolated from the gut of Cyprinus carpio from the highly polluted river Yamuna, India. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain MB25 belonged to the genus Sporosarcina, sharing the highest sequence similarity with S. luteola Y1 (98.98%) and S. koreensis S-K12 (98.91%). Digital DNA-DNA hybridization and average nucleotide identity values of strain MB25 with strain Y1 and S-K12 were 18.9, 77.69, and 18.2, 76.80 respectively. Genome analysis of strain MB25 revealed its biotechnological properties such as tolerance to potent heavy metals, genes for the production of carbohydrate-active enzymes, antimicrobial compounds, and also degradation of aromatic compounds. The G + C content of strain MB25 genome was 45%. Growth observed at 10-40 °C (optimum, 28-30 °C), pH 6.0-8.5 (optimum pH 7.5-8.0); NaCl concentrations up to 6.0% (w/v). The dominant respiratory quinone was MK-7, cell wall peptidoglycan is of the A-4 type containing amino acids Lys-Glu and the major fatty acids are anteiso-C and iso-C. The major polar lipids of strain MB25 are diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidylethanolamine. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, phylogenetic, and phylogenomic data, strain MB25 represents a novel species of the genus Sporosarcina, for which the name Sporosarcina cyprini sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MB25 (= MCC 4366 = JCM 34521 = CCM 9113).
Topics: Animals; Phospholipids; Sporosarcina; Carps; Cadmium; Introduced Species; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Fatty Acids; Genomics; DNA; DNA, Bacterial; Bacterial Typing Techniques
PubMed: 36400900
DOI: 10.1007/s10482-022-01794-w