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Journal of Microbiology and... Sep 2021Microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) has recently become an intelligent and environmentally friendly method for repairing cracks in concrete. To...
Microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) has recently become an intelligent and environmentally friendly method for repairing cracks in concrete. To improve on this ability of microbial materials concrete repair, we applied random mutagenesis and optimization of mineralization conditions to improve the quantity and crystal form of microbially precipitated calcium carbonate. ATCC 11859 was used as the starting strain to obtain the mutant with high urease activity by atmospheric and room temperature plasma (ARTP) mutagenesis. Next, we investigated the optimal biomineralization conditions and precipitation crystal form using Plackett-Burman experimental design and response surface methodology (RSM). Biomineralization with 0.73 mol/l calcium chloride, 45 g/l urea, reaction temperature of 45°C, and reaction time of 22 h, significantly increased the amount of precipitated calcium carbonate, which was deposited in the form of calcite crystals. Finally, the repair of concrete using the optimized biomineralization process was evaluated. A comparison of water absorption and adhesion of concrete specimens before and after repairs showed that concrete cracks and surface defects could be efficiently repaired. This study provides a new method to engineer biocementing material for concrete repair.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Biomineralization; Calcium Carbonate; Calcium Chloride; Construction Materials; Mutagenesis; Mutation; Plasma Gases; Sporosarcina; Temperature; Urea; Urease
PubMed: 34319256
DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2104.04019 -
Journal of Basic Microbiology Sep 2021The microbiologically induced calcite precipitation (MICP) has been extensively studied for geotechnical engineering through simultaneous action of natural phenomena and...
The microbiologically induced calcite precipitation (MICP) has been extensively studied for geotechnical engineering through simultaneous action of natural phenomena and engineering processes. The focus of bacterial contribution to the MICP has been directed to calcium carbonate productivity, while the additional bacterial role as a crystal nucleation center was not explained especially from a mathematical prediction modeling point of view. Therefore, this study provides explanations and a mathematical modeling approach of bacterial influence on the MICP induced by newly-isolated ureolytic Bacillus strains and Sporosarcina pasteurii DSM 33. Using the obtained results of low-cost, rapid, and simple assays, artificial neural network modeling was applied for cell surface predispositions, pH changes as well as calcium-involved function in biofilm formation during the MICP, for the first time. Based on the obtained contribution of the alkalophilic/alkaloresistant bacteria, calcite precipitation can be significantly directed by the presence, of ureolytic bacterial cells as nucleation centers during CaCO precipitation as well as their morphology, surface characteristics, potential to form a biofilm, and/or generate pH changes.
Topics: Bacillus; Bacteria; Biofilms; Calcium Carbonate; Chemical Precipitation; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Models, Theoretical; Neural Networks, Computer; Sporosarcina
PubMed: 34314060
DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202100275 -
Environmental Microbiology Dec 2021Exposure to a diverse microbial environment during pregnancy and early postnatal period is important in determining predisposition towards allergy. However, the effect...
Exposure to a diverse microbial environment during pregnancy and early postnatal period is important in determining predisposition towards allergy. However, the effect of environmental microbiota exposure during preconception, pregnancy and postnatal life on development of allergy in the child has not been investigated so far. In the S-PRESTO (Singapore PREconception Study of long Term maternal and child Outcomes) cohort, we collected house dust during all three critical window periods and analysed microbial composition using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. At 6 and 18 months, the child was assessed for eczema by clinicians. In the eczema group, household environmental microbiota was characterized by presence of human-associated bacteria Actinomyces, Anaerococcus, Finegoldia, Micrococcus, Prevotella and Propionibacterium at all time points, suggesting their possible contributions to regulating host immunity and increasing the susceptibility to eczema. In the home environment of the control group, putative protective effect of an environmental microbe Planomicrobium (Planococcaceae family) was observed to be significantly higher than that in the eczema group. Network correlation analysis demonstrated inverse relationships between beneficial Planomicrobium and human-associated bacteria (Actinomyces, Anaerococcus, Finegoldia, Micrococcus, Prevotella and Propionibacterium). Exposure to natural environmental microbiota may be beneficial to modulate shed human-associated microbiota in an indoor environment.
Topics: Bacteria; Child; Cohort Studies; Eczema; Female; Humans; Microbiota; Pregnancy; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 34309161
DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15684 -
Environmental Science & Technology Aug 2021Microbially induced calcite precipitation is a biomineralization process with numerous civil engineering and ground improvement applications. In replicate soil columns,...
Microbially induced calcite precipitation is a biomineralization process with numerous civil engineering and ground improvement applications. In replicate soil columns, the efficacy and microbial composition of soil bioaugmented with the ureolytic bacterium were compared to a biostimulation method that enriches native ureolytic soil bacteria under conditions analogous to field implementation. The selective enrichment resulting from sequential stimulation treatments strongly selected for Firmicutes (>97%), with and comprising 60 to 94% of high-throughput 16S rDNA sequences in each suspended community sample. Seven species of the former and two of the latter were present in greater than 10% abundance at different times, demonstrating unexpected within-genus diversity and robustness in the suspended phase of this highly selective environment. Based on longer 16S sequences, it was inferred that augmented competed poorly with natural bacteria, decreasing to below detection after nine treatments, while the native microbial community was enriched to approximately that present in the stimulated columns. These analyses were corroborated by the observed convergence in bulk ureolytic rates and calcite contents between techniques. However, a 10-fold discrepancy between the observed cell density and an activity-based estimate indicates the attached community, uncharacterized despite efforts, substantially contributes to bulk behavior.
Topics: Bacteria; Calcium Carbonate; Soil; Sporosarcina
PubMed: 34279077
DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c01520 -
Genes Jun 2021Biogeochemical cycling of phosphorus in the agro-ecosystem is mediated by soil microbes. These microbes regulate the availability of phosphorus in the soil. Little is...
Biogeochemical cycling of phosphorus in the agro-ecosystem is mediated by soil microbes. These microbes regulate the availability of phosphorus in the soil. Little is known about the response of functional traits of phosphorus cycling microbes in soil fertilized with compost manure (derived from domestic waste and plant materials) or inorganic nitrogen fertilizers at high and low doses. We used a metagenomics investigation study to understand the changes in the abundance and distribution of microbial phosphorus cycling genes in agricultural farmlands receiving inorganic fertilizers (120 kg N/ha, 60 kg N/ha) or compost manure (8 tons/ha, 4 tons/ha), and in comparison with the control. Soil fertilization with high level of compost (Cp8) or low level of inorganic nitrogen (N1) fertilizer have nearly similar effects on the rhizosphere of maize plants in promoting the abundance of genes involved in phosphorus cycle. Genes such as involved in polyphosphate formation and (for phosphate transportation) are highly enriched in these treatments. These genes facilitate phosphorus immobilization. At a high dose of inorganic fertilizer application or low compost manure treatment, the phosphorus cycling genes were repressed and the abundance decreased. The bacterial families and were very abundant in the high inorganic fertilizer (N2) treated soil, while , , , , , , were most abundant in Cp8. , , and fungi were observed to be dominant in Cp8 and , , , and archaea have the highest percentage occurrence in Cp8. Moreover, N2 treatment, , and were most abundant among fertilized soils. Our findings have brought to light the basis for the manipulation of rhizosphere microbial communities and their genes to improve availability of phosphorus as well as phosphorus cycle regulation in agro-ecosystems.
Topics: Agriculture; Bacteria; Bacterial Proteins; Fertilizers; Manure; Metagenomics; Nitrogen; Phosphorus; Rhizosphere; Soil; Soil Microbiology; Zea mays
PubMed: 34209356
DOI: 10.3390/genes12071022 -
Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2021The aim of this study was to evaluate the dietary effects of SC06 (SC06) instead of antibiotics on the growth performance, intestinal health, and intestinal microbiota...
The aim of this study was to evaluate the dietary effects of SC06 (SC06) instead of antibiotics on the growth performance, intestinal health, and intestinal microbiota of broilers. A total of 360 30-day-old Lingnan yellow broilers were randomly allocated into two groups with six replicates per group (30 birds per replicate). The broilers were fed either a non-supplemented diet or a diet supplemented with 10 colony-forming units lyophilized SC06 per kilogram feed for 30 days. Results showed that SC06 supplementation had no effect on the growth performance compared with that of the control group. SC06 treatment significantly ( <0.05) increased the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activity in the liver, and the activities of trypsin, α-amylase (AMS), and NaK-ATPase in the ileum, whereas it decreased ( < 0.05) lipase, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GT), and maltase activities in the ileum. Meanwhile, SC06 treatment also improved the immune function indicated by the significantly ( < 0.05) increased anti-inflammatory cytokine [interleukin (IL)-10] level and the decreased ( < 0.05) pro-inflammatory cytokine [IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α] levels in the ileum. Furthermore, we also found that SC06 enhanced the intestinal epithelial intercellular integrity (tight junction and adhesion belt) in the ileum. Microbial analysis showed that SC06 mainly increased the alpha diversity indices in the jejunum, ileum, and cecum. SC06 treatment also significantly ( < 0.05) increased the abundances of , and in the cecum and simultaneously decreased the abundances of in the duodenum, in the jejunum, and and in cecum. In conclusion, these results suggested that instead of antibiotics showed a potential beneficial effect on the intestinal health of broilers.
PubMed: 34150896
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.679368 -
JPEN. Journal of Parenteral and Enteral... Mar 2022In the first weeks after birth, enteral feeding and bacterial colonization interact to influence gut maturation in preterm infants. Bovine colostrum (BC) has been... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial
BACKGROUND
In the first weeks after birth, enteral feeding and bacterial colonization interact to influence gut maturation in preterm infants. Bovine colostrum (BC) has been suggested as a relevant supplementary diet when own mother's milk (MM) is insufficient or absent. This pilot trial tests whether the supplement type, BC or donor human milk (DM), affects gut colonization in preterm infants during the first week of life.
METHODS
On day 7, fecal samples were collected from preterm infants (n = 24) fed BC or DM as a supplement to MM. The gut microbiome (GM) was analyzed by 16S ribosomal RNA amplicon sequencing. Correlations between the relative abundance of specific bacterial taxa and blood chemistry variables, including amino acids, were explored.
RESULTS
BC-supplemented infants showed a lower relative abundance of the families Lactobacillaceae and Enterococcaceae than DM infants. Planococcaceae were more abundant in infants delivered by cesarean birth vs vaginally. The relative abundance of bacterial families, specifically Enterobacteriaceae, correlated negatively with plasma levels of multiple essential and nonessential amino acids (valine, isoleucine, lysine, histidine, and arginine).
CONCLUSION
The nature of nutrition supplements (BC or DM) just after birth may affect GM development and nutrient metabolism in the neonatal period of preterm infants. The exploratory nature of our study calls for confirmation of these results and their possible long-term clinical implications for preterm infants.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Colostrum; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Milk, Human; Pilot Projects; Pregnancy
PubMed: 33988859
DOI: 10.1002/jpen.2191 -
Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek Jul 2021A novel bacterial strain, designated C23, was isolated from a soil sample obtained from King George Island, Antarctica. Phenotypic, phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and...
A novel bacterial strain, designated C23, was isolated from a soil sample obtained from King George Island, Antarctica. Phenotypic, phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and molecular analyses were performed on the new isolate. Strain C23 formed orange colonies on agar plates and was Gram-stain-positive. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain C23 was a member of the genus Planococcus and was closely related to Planococcus salinarum DSM 23802 (98.5% sequence similarity), Planococcus halotolerans SCU63 (98.3%), Planomicrobium okeanokoites IFO 12526 (98.3%), Planococcus donghaensis DSM 22276 (98.3%) and Planococcus maitriensisi S1 (98.2%). This organism grew at 2-38 °C (optimum, 25-30 °C), pH 6.0-12.0 (optimum, pH 7.5) and 0-14% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 2%). The predominant menaquinone was MK-8. The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C, iso-C and C ω7c alcohol. The whole genome DNA of C23 was deposited in the GenBank database under accession number WXYN00000000. According to the whole genome, the DNA G + C content of strain C23 was determined to be 46.8 mol%; the average nucleotide identity (ANI) of strain C23 and P. salinarum DSM 23802, P. halotolerans SCU63, P. okeanokoites IFO 12526, P. donghaensis DSM 22276 and P. maitriensis S1 were 74.1%, 74.3%, 74.1%, 78.8 and 73.6%; the digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values between strain C23 and the five closely related species were 19.7%, 19.6%, 19.5%, 22.4 and 18.6%; the average amino acid identity (AAI) values between strain C23 and the five closely related species were 73.9%, 74.5%, 74.4%, 84.6 and 74.5%. All data were below the threshold range for species determination. Based on the polyphasic taxonomic study, we considered that strain C23 represented a novel species of the genus Planococcus for which the name Planococcus soli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is C23 (= KCTC 33644 = CGMCC 1.15115).
Topics: Antarctic Regions; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Phylogeny; Planococcaceae; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil; Soil Microbiology
PubMed: 33973094
DOI: 10.1007/s10482-021-01581-z -
Journal of Biotechnology Jun 2021Working with biological organisms requires knowledge about the state of their viability and vitality to ascertain efficient processes. The phenoxazine dye resazurin is...
Working with biological organisms requires knowledge about the state of their viability and vitality to ascertain efficient processes. The phenoxazine dye resazurin is routinely used for viability assessment of many different species. Here, a novel use for resazurin as an indicator for vitality assessment across several species is proposed. Different amounts of biomass as well as mixtures of live/dead biomass were investigated for their capabilities of metabolizing resazurin and monitored over time. Increasing (live) biomass was found to increase reaction rate in a linear fashion, giving information about the cells' vitality. In an application example, stored suspension cultures of Sporosarcina pasteurii were found to decrease in viability over time, while urease activity decreased as well. For the first time, the assessment of vitality by one technique was demonstrated for several species in parallel.
Topics: Biological Assay; Oxazines; Sporosarcina; Xanthenes
PubMed: 33933484
DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2021.04.010 -
Doklady. Biochemistry and Biophysics Mar 2021Analysis of milk micrbiomes from healthy cows and cows with different (clinical and subclinical) forms of mastitis was performed at two farms of the Central Russia. An...
Analysis of milk micrbiomes from healthy cows and cows with different (clinical and subclinical) forms of mastitis was performed at two farms of the Central Russia. An increase in the operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of bacteria of the phylum Proteоbacteria belonging primarily to Pseudomonadales, Burkholderiales, as well as Streptococcaceae, Staphylococcaceae, and Bacillaceae in the animals with mastitis was detected. The Planococcaceae OTU percentage decreased. The ratio of rarely presented OTUs also changed in the milk of animals with mastitis.
Topics: Animals; Bacteria; Cattle; Female; Mastitis, Bovine; Milk
PubMed: 33895920
DOI: 10.1134/S1607672921020046