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Archives of Microbiology May 2020The highest number (35.1% of global incident cases) of new oropharyngeal (OP) and hypopharyngeal (HP) cancer cases was reported in South-Central Asia. The highest... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
The highest number (35.1% of global incident cases) of new oropharyngeal (OP) and hypopharyngeal (HP) cancer cases was reported in South-Central Asia. The highest incidence of HP cancer in India was reported in East Khasi Hills District of Meghalaya, Aizawl District of Mizoram, and Kamrup Urban District of Assam. HP and OP cancer showed the highest mortality rate, worst prognoses and the highest rate of nodal metastases and distant metastases. Thus, research is required to detect specific biomarkers for early prevention and diagnosis for these cancers. Oral microbiome signatures in saliva are considered as a potential diagnostic biomarker for OP and HP cancer. Bacterial profile alterations in OP and HP cancer have not been reported in India population, to establish the association of oral bacteria in the progression of OP and HP cancer; we studied bacterial communities in saliva of eight OP and seven HP cancer patients as compared to healthy controls using 16S rRNA V3-V4 region sequencing. The higher abundance of Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Haemophilus influenzae and Prevotella copri and lower abundance of Rothia mucilaginosa, Aggregatibacter segnis, Veillonella dispar, Prevotella nanceiensis, Rothia aeria, Capnocytophaga ochracea, Neisseria bacilliformis, Prevotella nigrescens and Selenomonas noxia in saliva of OP and HP cancer patients may be considered as a non-invasive diagnostic biomarker for OP and HP cancer patients. Streptococcus anginosus may be considered as a non-invasive diagnostic biomarker for OP cancer patients only. Therefore, evaluation of salivary microbial biomarkers may be informative to understand the pathobiology and carcinogenesis of OP and HP cancer.
Topics: Bacteria; Biodiversity; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Case-Control Studies; Female; Humans; Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms; India; Male; Microbiota; Oropharyngeal Neoplasms; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Saliva
PubMed: 31832691
DOI: 10.1007/s00203-019-01790-1 -
Journal of Cystic Fibrosis : Official... Mar 2020Prevotella spp. are frequently identified in Cystic Fibrosis sputum. This study examined whether infection with Prevotella nigrescens, a frequently identified member of...
Prevotella spp. are frequently identified in Cystic Fibrosis sputum. This study examined whether infection with Prevotella nigrescens, a frequently identified member of this species, contributes to inflammation in CF bronchial epithelial cells through activation of TLR- and NF-κB signalling pathways. CFBE41o- cells were infected with either P.nigrescens or Pseudomonas aeruginosa and incubated under anaerobic conditions for 4h. P.nigrescens activated TLR2 signalling but not TLR4 signalling while P.aeruginosa activated TLR4 signalling with a lesser effect on TLR2. P.aeruginosa induced significant IκBα phosphorylation 10min post infection with a return to control levels by 30min post infection. A significant induction in nuclear p65 DNA binding was observed at 2h post infection. In contrast, infection with P.nigrescens induced phosphorylation of IκBα 120min post infection, with significant induction in nuclear p65 DNA binding at 4h post infection only. Cytokine gene and protein responses were lower for P.nigrescens compared to P.aeruginosa. This study demonstrates the ability of a clinical P.nigrescens isolate to provoke a delayed NF-κB(p65) driven response through induction in TLR2 signalling and activation of sustained levels of IKKα.
Topics: Bacteria, Anaerobic; Cells, Cultured; Cystic Fibrosis; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Inflammation; NF-kappa B; Prevotella nigrescens; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Respiratory Mucosa; Signal Transduction; Toll-Like Receptor 2; Toll-Like Receptor 4; Transcription Factor RelA
PubMed: 31607634
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2019.09.005 -
International Journal of Environmental... Aug 2019Type-2-Diabetes (T2D) and Periodontitis are major inflammatory diseases. However, not much is known about the specific subgingival microbiota in Mexicans with diabetes...
BACKGROUND
Type-2-Diabetes (T2D) and Periodontitis are major inflammatory diseases. However, not much is known about the specific subgingival microbiota in Mexicans with diabetes and metabolic dysbiosis. The aim of this study was to describe the subgingival microbiota of Mexicans with T2D and the different periodontal and metabolic conditions, through "Checkerboard" DNA-DNA hybridization.
METHODS
Subjects were divided into two groups-periodontal-health (PH) (PH_non-T2D; = 59, PH_T2D; = 14) and generalized-periodontitis (GP) (GP_non-T2D; = 67, GP_T2D; = 38). Obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m) and serum levels of glycated-hemoglobin (HbA1c), total-lipids, triglycerides, total-cholesterol, high-density-lipids, and low-density-lipids were measured for the T2D individuals. Subgingival microbial identification was processed for 40 species through DNA-probes.
RESULTS
Subjects with T2D harbored significantly higher mean total levels (PH: < 0.001, and GP_NS), a lower proportion of "red" complex (GP: < 0.01), a higher proportion of "yellow" (GP; < 0.001), and "orange" (GP; < 0.01) complex than the non-T2D. GP_T2D individuals exhibited a greater proportion of putative-species- and ( < 0.001), and and ( < 0.01), than GP_non-T2D. T2D individuals with HbA1c > 8% had presented significantly higher mean pocket-depth and higher levels of ( < 0.05) and those with obesity or dyslipidemia harbored higher levels, prevalence, or proportion of sp., sp., and sp.
CONCLUSIONS
T2D individuals harbored a particular microbial profile different to non-T2D microbiota. Metabolic control was related to dysbiosis of microbiota-HbA1c>8% related to periodontitis and obesity or dyslipidemia with the predominance of saccharolytic bacteria, irrespective of their periodontal condition.
Topics: Adult; Bacteria; Campylobacter; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Gingival Diseases; Humans; Male; Mexico; Microbiota; Middle Aged; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Periodontitis
PubMed: 31480468
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16173184 -
Oral Health & Preventive Dentistry 2019The rationale of using platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in reconstructive periodontal surgery is to amplify or accelerate the wound healing through the growth factors...
PURPOSE
The rationale of using platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in reconstructive periodontal surgery is to amplify or accelerate the wound healing through the growth factors contained in platelets. On the other hand, bacterial colonisation of membranes may negatively affect the healing process. The aim of this study was to evaluate bacterial contamination of non-bio-resorbable membranes (ePTFE) used for regenerative periodontal therapy of intrabony defects and the clinical attachment level (CAL) gain with or without PRP.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Seventeen patients were treated with a natural bone mineral (NBM) and guided tissue regeneration (GTR) with an ePTFE membrane (NBM + GTR group; ie, control group), while in another 17 patients PRP was additionally applied (NBM + PRP + GTR group; ie, test group). Furthermore, the retrieved membranes were analysed for the presence of periodontopathogens and data were related to the gain of clinical attachment. In addition, the in vitro sensitivity of selected microbes to PRP was checked by using agar diffusion test.
RESULTS
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis were not detected in the PRP group whereas in the controls A. actinomycetemcomitans was detected in five patients (p = 0.022) and P. gingivalis in two cases (difference not statistically significant, p = 0.242). Detection of A. actinomycetemcomitans was not associated with less CAL gain. If the samples were positively tested for Prevotella intermedia/nigrescens and/or P. gingivalis, the CAL gains were lower compared with the negative samples (p = 0.002). PRP did not show any inhibitory effect on bacterial growth in vitro.
CONCLUSION
Within their limits, the present results appear to suggest that the presence of P. intermedia/nigrescens and/or P. gingivalis at the regenerated site may negatively influence the clinical outcomes. However, the potential influence of PRP on bacterial colonisation and the impact on the clinical outcome is still unclear and remains to be elucidated.
Topics: Alveolar Bone Loss; Follow-Up Studies; Guided Tissue Regeneration, Periodontal; Humans; Minerals; Periodontal Attachment Loss; Platelet-Rich Plasma; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 31268051
DOI: 10.3290/j.ohpd.a42743 -
BMC Research Notes Jun 2019The aim of the present study is to compare and assess the risk of periodontitis due to the presence of four putative periodontopathic bacteria viz., Eikenella corrodens,...
OBJECTIVE
The aim of the present study is to compare and assess the risk of periodontitis due to the presence of four putative periodontopathic bacteria viz., Eikenella corrodens, Campylobacter rectus, Prevotella intermedia and Prevotella nigrescens. To fulfil the above objective, polymerase Chain reaction using the primers targeting 16S rRNA gene of the bacterial species was performed with the subgingival plaque collected from the permanent first molars of type 1 diabetic children and age matched healthy children.
RESULTS
The prevalence of periodontal pathogens in diabetic and healthy children was 6% and 16% for E. corrodens, 18% and 36% for C. rectus, 2% and 2% for P. intermedia, 4% and 0%, for P. nigrescens respectively. Statistically, significant difference was not observed for the prevalence of all the four periodontal pathogens between type 1 diabetic and healthy children (P = 1.00). The results of the present study thus reveal a negative correlation of type I diabetes to periodontitis in association to Eikenella corrodens, Campylobacter rectus, Prevotella intermedia and Prevotella nigrescens.
Topics: Adolescent; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Campylobacter rectus; Case-Control Studies; Child; Dental Plaque; Dental Plaque Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Eikenella corrodens; Female; Humans; Male; Periodontitis; Prevotella intermedia; Prevotella nigrescens; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 31182149
DOI: 10.1186/s13104-019-4364-3 -
Acta Odontologica Scandinavica Oct 2019The aim of this clinical quality study was to determine whether the aseptic working field is maintained during the endodontic procedure. Bacterial samples were...
The aim of this clinical quality study was to determine whether the aseptic working field is maintained during the endodontic procedure. Bacterial samples were collected from the rubber dam of 27 patients during endodontic treatment performed by postgraduate students at the Department of Endodontics, University of Oslo. A bacterial sample was first obtained immediately after disinfection of the working field (A), and the second sample was collected just before obturation or dressing with calcium hydroxide cement (B). Aerobic cultivation technique and PCR were used for detection of bacterial growth and species. All samples were negative on culturing except in one case, which showed positive results with cultivation in both sample A and B. Specie detected with cultivation technique were . With PCR technique, 6 samples in 5 patients (11%), showed positive results. Species detected with PCR technique were and The present study showed that an aseptic working field was maintained throughout the endodontic procedure in 81% (22/27) of the cases after disinfection of the rubber dam.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; DNA, Bacterial; Dental Pulp Cavity; Endodontics; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Gram-Positive Bacteria; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Humans; Polymerase Chain Reaction
PubMed: 31094270
DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2019.1606935 -
Natural Product Research Nov 2020is a tree species that naturally occurs in the Atlantic Forest, Brazil. This paper aims to investigate the chemical composition and antibacterial, antileishmanial and...
is a tree species that naturally occurs in the Atlantic Forest, Brazil. This paper aims to investigate the chemical composition and antibacterial, antileishmanial and antiproliferative activities of essential oil from leaves (NM-EO). It displayed high antibacterial activity against , and . NM-EO also exhibited high antileishmanial activity against promastigote forms of . Its antiproliferative activity was evaluated against the following cells: GM07429A (normal cell), MCF-7 (human breast adenocarcinoma), HeLa (human cervical adenocarcinoma) and M059J (human glioblastoma). Its major components, which were determined by GC-FID and GC-MS, were α-bisabolol (13.7%), bicyclogermacrene (10.9%), (,)-farnesene (10.6%), -caryophyllene (9.5%) and ()-β-farnesene (7.0%). These results suggest that , a Brazilian plant, shows initial evidence of a new and alternative source of substances of medicinal interest.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Antiprotozoal Agents; Brazil; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Humans; Lauraceae; Leishmania; Monocyclic Sesquiterpenes; Oils, Volatile; Plant Leaves; Polycyclic Sesquiterpenes; Sesquiterpenes
PubMed: 31084218
DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2019.1608539 -
Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi =... Mar 2019To investigate periodontal status of patients with pre-diabetes and evaluate the prevalence of periodontal pathogens in oral cavity. All the subjects were under...
To investigate periodontal status of patients with pre-diabetes and evaluate the prevalence of periodontal pathogens in oral cavity. All the subjects were under regular care in urban area of Beijing, including 88 subjects with normal blood glucose (normal blood glucose group), 27 pre-diabetic patients (pre-diabetic group), 58 well-controlled diabetic patients (glucose well controlled group) and 72 poor-controlled diabetic patients (glucose poor controlled group). Whole unstimulated saliva samples were collected before periodontal examination. Periodontal parameters, including plaque index (PLI), probing depth (PD), bleeding index (BI), bleeding on probing (BOP) and clinical attachment loss (CAL), were examined at mesial-buccal and distal-lingual sites of each tooth. Number of missing teeth was recorded. DNA was extracted from the salivary deposition, (Pg), (Tf), (Td), (Cr), and (Pn) were detected by using PCR method based on 16SrRNA. Periodontal status and prevalence and quantity of the pathogens under various blood glucose states were compared. The PD scores of four groups had no statistical differences. The CAL [(2.29±1.35) mm] and the number of missing teeth[2.0 (7.0)] in pre-diabetic group were significantly lower than that in glucose poor controlled group [(3.07±1.45) mm, 0.04 and 5.0 (10.0), 0.04, respectively]. The number of missing teeth in pre-diabetic group [2.0 (7.0)] was significantly lower than that in glucose well controlled group [5.0 (9.0), 0.02]. The percent of bleeding on probing [BOP(+)%] in pre-diabetic group [(63.89±20.03)%] was significantly higher than that in normal blood glucose group [(54.51±22.29)%, 0.04] and glucose well controlled group [(53.12±21.77)%, 0.03]. The prevalence of Pg in pre-diabetic group (81.5%) was significantly higher than that in glucose poor controlled group (54.2%, 0.02). The prevalence of Tf in pre-diabetic group (96.3%) was significantly higher than that in glucose poor controlled group (76.4%, 0.01). Meanwhile the quantity of Pg [1.58 (4.75)] and Tf [5.46 (7.77)] in pre-diabetic group were significantly higher than that in glucose poor controlled group [0.60 (1.87), 0.01 and 1.63 (3.06), 0.01, respectively]. The quantity of Pn [0.85 (1.68)] in pre-diabetic group was significantly higher than that in normal blood glucose group [0 (1.02), 0.04]. Pre-diabetic patients showed severe periodontal infection and BOP(+)% than other three groups and had high risk-level of periodontitis.
Topics: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans; Beijing; Dental Plaque Index; Humans; Periodontal Attachment Loss; Periodontal Index; Periodontitis; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Prediabetic State; Treponema denticola
PubMed: 30856692
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1002-0098.2019.03.003 -
Skeletal Radiology Aug 2019Infection of costal cartilage is a rare observation. We report the case of a 43-year-old male patient without relevant history who presented with a progressive painful...
Infection of costal cartilage is a rare observation. We report the case of a 43-year-old male patient without relevant history who presented with a progressive painful swelling of the left chest wall since 4 months. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated an abscess within the left ninth costal cartilage with surrounding reactive changes. A CT-guided biopsy was performed and the culture of the sample revealed the presence of Prevotella nigrescens. Musculoskeletal infections by Prevotella are rarely described in the literature, Prevotella oralis and Prevotella bivia being the most frequently observed pathogens. These infections usually originate from a hematogenous spread after thoracic surgery or dental procedure. In our patient, conservative treatment was chosen. A clinical improvement was noted after 1-month antibiotherapy, confirmed by short-term and 6-month imaging follow-up showing the complete disappearance of all previously observed abnormalities.
Topics: Adult; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Humans; Male; Prevotella nigrescens; Tietze's Syndrome
PubMed: 30683976
DOI: 10.1007/s00256-019-3148-0 -
The Journal of Biological Chemistry Mar 2019Because of their special organization, multifunctional enzymes play crucial roles in improving the performance of metabolic pathways. For example, the bacterium...
Because of their special organization, multifunctional enzymes play crucial roles in improving the performance of metabolic pathways. For example, the bacterium contains a distinctive bifunctional protein comprising a 3-deoxy-d- heptulosonate-7-phosphate synthase (DAH7PS), catalyzing the first reaction of the biosynthetic pathway of aromatic amino acids, and a chorismate mutase (CM), functioning at a branch of this pathway leading to the synthesis of tyrosine and phenylalanine. In this study, we characterized this enzyme and found that its two catalytic activities exhibit substantial hetero-interdependence and that the separation of its two distinct catalytic domains results in a dramatic loss of both DAH7PS and CM activities. The protein displayed a unique dimeric assembly, with dimerization solely via the CM domain. Small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS)-based structural analysis of this protein indicated a DAH7PS-CM hetero-interaction between the DAH7PS and CM domains, unlike the homo-association between DAH7PS domains normally observed for other DAH7PS proteins. This hetero-interaction provides a structural basis for the functional interdependence between the two domains observed here. Moreover, we observed that DAH7PS is allosterically inhibited by prephenate, the product of the CM-catalyzed reaction. This allostery was accompanied by a striking conformational change as observed by SAXS, implying that altering the hetero-domain interaction underpins the allosteric inhibition. We conclude that for this C-terminal CM-linked DAH7PS, catalytic function and allosteric regulation appear to be delivered by a common mechanism, revealing a distinct and efficient evolutionary strategy to utilize the functional advantages of a bifunctional enzyme.
Topics: Alkyl and Aryl Transferases; Allosteric Regulation; Amino Acids, Aromatic; Bacterial Proteins; Catalysis; Crystallography, X-Ray; Prevotella nigrescens; Protein Domains; Scattering, Small Angle; X-Ray Diffraction
PubMed: 30670586
DOI: 10.1074/jbc.RA118.005220