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Oral Diseases Apr 2019To study oral Prevotella spp. isolated from patients with chronic periodontitis, to determine their susceptibility to azithromycin and erythromycin and to screen the...
OBJECTIVES
To study oral Prevotella spp. isolated from patients with chronic periodontitis, to determine their susceptibility to azithromycin and erythromycin and to screen the presence of macrolide resistance genes therein.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Isolates with a Prevotella-like morphology were obtained from subgingival samples of 52 patients with chronic periodontitis. Each isolate was identified to the species level by sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. In 100 Prevotella spp. isolates, azithromycin and erythromycin susceptibility was determined using the E test method, and the screening of erm(A), erm(B), erm(C), erm(F), erm(G), erm(Q) and mef(A) genes was done by PCR.
RESULTS
Prevotella intermedia and Prevotella nigrescens were the most identified species (33% each). Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranges for both antibiotics were 0.016/0.032 to >256 μg/ml. MIC values for azithromycin and erythromycin were 1.5 and 1 μg/ml, respectively, and MIC values were >256 μg/ml for both antibiotics. Nineteen per cent of the isolates carried erm(B), and 51% carried erm(F).
CONCLUSIONS
The MIC values found were high compared to previous studies. erm(F) was greatly prevalent, and we describe for the first time the erm(B) gene in Prevotella spp. The presence of either of the genes seems to be associated with a higher degree of resistance to azithromycin and erythromycin.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Azithromycin; Bacterial Proteins; Chronic Periodontitis; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Erythromycin; Humans; Methyltransferases; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Prevotella
PubMed: 30667163
DOI: 10.1111/odi.13043 -
Natural Product Research Aug 2020In Brazilian folk medicine, is used to treat inflammatory conditions and to hasten wound repair. This paper aims to investigate the chemical composition and the...
In Brazilian folk medicine, is used to treat inflammatory conditions and to hasten wound repair. This paper aims to investigate the chemical composition and the antibacterial effects of the essential oils (EOs) obtained from leaves and ripe and unripe fruits against a representative panel of oral pathogens. The GC-FID and GC-MS analysis revealed that the major components determined in essential oils were myrcene (59.0%), β-elemene (17.2%), limonene (12.9%), spathulenol (12.6%), α-cubebene (11.6%), germacrene D (10.6%), -nerolidol (9.8%), and α-cadinol (8.8%). The essential oils of the ripe and unripe fruits showed the strongest antibacterial activity against the anaerobic bacteria (MIC = 50 µg/mL). The leaf essential oil displayed very promising activity against (MIC = 50 µg/mL) and (MIC = 62.5 µg/mL). The antibacterial activity of EOs against oral pathogens is also described for the first time. [Formula: see text].
Topics: Acyclic Monoterpenes; Alkenes; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Burseraceae; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Oils, Volatile; Sesquiterpenes; Sesquiterpenes, Germacrane; Streptococcus mutans; Terpenes
PubMed: 30499330
DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1536659 -
Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy Mar 2019The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of multiple sessions of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) on the treatment of experimental periodontitis (EP) in...
BACKGROUND
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of multiple sessions of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) on the treatment of experimental periodontitis (EP) in rats treated with chemotherapy.
METHODS
Chemotherapy using 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) consisted of intraperitoneal administration of 60 and 40 mg/kg of 5-FU. 120 rats were subjected to chemotherapy with 5-FU and divided into groups: PT (periodontal treatment); PT+1aPDT (PT and single aPDT session); PT+4aPDT(PT and 4 sessions of aPDT); 1aPDT (single aPDT session); 4aPDT(4 sessions of aPDT). EP was induced in the mandibular molars via ligature placement. The alveolar bone loss (ABL) area in the furcation region was analysed histometrically. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG) and cleaved caspase-3 (CC3) were analysed by immunohistochemistry. Prostaglandin E2 was quantified using an ELISA, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 were assessed using a multiplex method. The prevalence of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella nigrescens, Prevotella intermedia and Fusobacterium nucleatum was assessed using PCR. The data were statistically analysed (P < 0.05).
RESULTS
The PT+4aPDT group showed lower ABL than the PT or 1aPDT groups on day 7. Rats treated with aPDT showed a higher number of PCNA-positive cells with reduced immunolabeling of RANKL. Significant reductions in Prevotella nigrescens were observed in the PT+4aPDT group and in Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans for the 1aPDT and 4aPDT groups.
CONCLUSION
Repeated sessions of aPDT as an adjunct or alternative therapy were effective at reducing ABL, regulating bone metabolism, and reducing Prevotella nigrescens and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans.
Topics: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans; Alveolar Bone Loss; Animals; Dental Scaling; Disease Models, Animal; Fluorouracil; Interleukin-6; Male; Mandibular Diseases; Periodontitis; Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents; Prevotella nigrescens; Rats; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
PubMed: 30468900
DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2018.11.014 -
Cancer Prevention Research... Jan 2019The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between cervical microbiota and different human papillomavirus (HPV) infection statuses in cytologically normal...
The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between cervical microbiota and different human papillomavirus (HPV) infection statuses in cytologically normal women. The cervical microbiota of HPV-positive or -negative women with a normal cytologic diagnosis was characterized and compared using 16S rDNA-based high-throughput sequencing, and the differences in cervical microbiota associated with new acquisition, persistence, and clearances of HPV genotypes were analyzed via one-year follow-up. The results showed that the cervical microbial richness of HPV-positive women was lower than for HPV-negative women, and the difference was more significant in the postmenopausal group relative to the premenopausal group. and related taxa were associated with baseline HPV positivity, while , and genera and their related taxa and were associated with baseline HPV negativity. For HPV-positive women, the baseline abundance of was negatively associated with new HPV infection, , and ; and were positively associated with new HPV-type infection within the year of follow-up. was found to be negatively associated with persistent HPV infection and 9 taxa belonging to , and were found to be positively associated with persistence, and/or negatively associated with clearance of HPV types. We also observed 10 novel taxa associated with the clearance/persistence of HPV that had not been reported elsewhere. Those taxa associated with different infection statuses of HPV could be used as a biomarker to help predict the risk of developing persistent HPV infection.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Bacteria; Cervix Uteri; China; Cytodiagnosis; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Genotype; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Humans; Incidence; Middle Aged; Papillomaviridae; Papillomavirus Infections; Prognosis; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms
PubMed: 30463989
DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-18-0233 -
Journal of Periodontology May 2019The aim of this study was to investigate how different patient-related risk indicators might be associated with the odds of developing subclinical periodontitis in...
Cross-sectional analysis of risk factors for subclinical periodontitis; active matrix metalloproteinase-8 as a potential indicator in initial periodontitis in adolescents.
BACKGROUND
The aim of this study was to investigate how different patient-related risk indicators might be associated with the odds of developing subclinical periodontitis in adolescents.
METHODS
This cross-sectional study included 252 Finnish individuals aged 15 to 16 years, of whom 141 were boys and 111 girls. A specially trained dentist performed clinical examinations: measurements included periodontal indexes (bleeding on probing, visible plaque index, root calculus, and probing depth, smoking by pack-years, periodontal bacteria (Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella nigrescens, and Treponema denticola) and the potential salivary periodontal biomarkers (active matrix metalloproteinase-8 [aMMP-8], polymorphonuclear leukocyte elastase [PMN elastase], and total protein, albumin, immunoglobulin A, immunoglobulin G, and immunoglobulin M). Results were analyzed by ordinal logistic regression, one-way analysis of variance, Fisher exact test, and Kruskal-Wallis H test.
RESULTS
The main finding of this study was that subclinical periodontitis in adolescents was statistically significantly associated with elevated salivary aMMP-8 but not with PMN elastase. Also, adolescents with subclinical periodontitis had statistically significantly higher levels of bleeding on probing, root calculus, and dental plaque than adolescents without subclinical periodontitis.
CONCLUSIONS
We suggest that the main risk factor for subclinical periodontitis in adolescents is the partly calcified, dysbiotic bacterial biofilm, which interacts with the immune defenses of the host; this leads to gingival inflammation and eventually to deepening periodontal pockets. This proinflammatory subclinical periodontitis stage, which represents stage I periodontitis in the new classification, is reflected as elevated salivary aMMP-8 levels in oral fluids.
Topics: Adolescent; Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans; Bacteroides; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Male; Matrix Metalloproteinase 8; Periodontal Attachment Loss; Periodontitis; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Prevotella intermedia; Risk Factors
PubMed: 30397915
DOI: 10.1002/JPER.18-0450 -
Pediatric Dentistry Jul 2018The purpose of this study was to compare the Gram-negative pathogens identified in the root canals of primary teeth with irreversible inflammatory pulpitis and in teeth...
The purpose of this study was to compare the Gram-negative pathogens identified in the root canals of primary teeth with irreversible inflammatory pulpitis and in teeth showing apical periodontitis. Samples were collected from 123 root canals of primary teeth from three- to seven-year-old patients. Root canals were assigned to either group one (irreversible inflammatory pulpitis; n equals 63) or group two (pulp necrosis and apical periodontitis; n equals 60). Total number of cells of selected Gram-negative microorganisms was determined by the checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization technique. Demographic data were compared using either chi-squared or t tests. Total numbers of microorganisms were compared using the Mann-Whitney test ( equals 0.05). There were no significant intergroup differences in gender, age, and tooth group distribution (P>0.05). Among the 123 samples, 17 were discarded due to salivary contamination. The total numbers of Prevotella nigrescens, Treponema denticola, Fusobacterium nucleatum polymorphum, Fusobacterium nucleatum spp nucleatum, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans serotype a, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans serotype b, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, and Prevotella melaninogenica were higher in teeth with apical periodontitis compared to those with irreversible inflammatory pulpitis (P<0.05). Higher numbers of Gram-negative bacteria were found in teeth with apical periodontitis compared to teeth with irreversible in- flammatory pulpitis.
Topics: Brazil; Child; Child, Preschool; DNA, Bacterial; Dental Pulp Cavity; Dental Pulp Necrosis; Female; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Humans; Male; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Periapical Periodontitis; Pulpitis; Tooth, Deciduous
PubMed: 30345964
DOI: No ID Found -
The Angle Orthodontist Jan 2019To assess periodontal parameters and microbial species levels after orthodontic appliance placement in patients who received oral hygiene instructions and who were...
OBJECTIVES
To assess periodontal parameters and microbial species levels after orthodontic appliance placement in patients who received oral hygiene instructions and who were monitored and motivated throughout the study.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The Periodontal Index was recorded and saliva collection was performed before (T0) and 30 (T1), 60 (T2), and 90 (T3) days after orthodontic appliance placement in 15 patients (mean age 17.53 ± 8.0 years). Analysis was carried out using checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization. Nonparametric statistical analysis was performed.
RESULTS
The Periodontal Index did not change. The total amount of the purple and red complexes and Candida species showed a significant decrease from T2. The green, yellow, and orange complex showed a significant decrease at T3. The specific species analysis showed that Prevotella nigrescens, Pseudomonas putida, Fusobacterium periodonticum, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius, and Tanerella forsythia showed high incidence before bonding, and their levels decreased at T2 and T3. Only Porphyromonas gingivalis showed increased levels at T2 and displayed the highest level at T3. The Streptococcus group decreased their levels from T2 onward.
CONCLUSIONS
A dynamic change in microbial levels was identified. The decrease in the levels of complexes present was only possible due to the mechanical method of oral hygiene implemented in this sample.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Dental Caries; Humans; Orthodontic Appliances; Orthodontic Brackets; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontal Index; Young Adult
PubMed: 30239218
DOI: 10.2319/022118-139.1 -
Anaerobe Dec 2018Quorum sensing (QS) signaling regulates the motility, adhesion, and biofilm formation of bacteria, and at the same time activates immune response in eukaryotic... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Quorum sensing (QS) signaling regulates the motility, adhesion, and biofilm formation of bacteria, and at the same time activates immune response in eukaryotic organisms. We recently demonstrated that the QS molecule, dihydroxy-2, 3-pentanedione (DPD), and its analogs significantly inhibit estradiol-regulated virulence of Prevotella aurantiaca, one of the four species in the Prevotella intermedia group. Here, we examined the combined effects of estradiol and QS signaling on 1) cytokine response of human gingival keratinocytes (HMK) against whole cell extract (WCE) of P. intermedia, Prevotella nigrescens, and Prevotella pallens, and 2) biofilm formation of these three Prevotella species. All experiments were performed in the presence or absence of estradiol, and with different QS molecules: DPD and its analogs (ethyl-DPD, butyl-DPD, and isobutyl-DPD). Concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1β, -6, and -8 were determined by the Luminex multiplex immunoassay, biofilm mass was quantitatively evaluated by measuring protein concentration via the Bradford method, and the microtopography of biofilms was assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging. Concentrations of IL-6 and IL-8 were elevated when HMK cells were incubated with estradiol and WCE of P. intermedia and P. nigrescens, but decreased when incubated with estradiol and WCE of P. pallens. Butyl-DPD neutralized the estradiol- and WCE-induced regulation of HMK interleukin expression and, at the same time, inhibited the biofilm formation of P. intermedia and P. nigrescens. SEM micrographs revealed a decrease in biofilm mass after application of butyl-DPD, which was most detectable among the P. intermedia ATCC 25611 and P. nigrescens ATCC 33563 and AHN 8293 strains. In conclusion, butyl-DPD analog is able to neutralize the WCE-induced epithelial cytokine response and, at the same time, to inhibit the biofilm formation of P. intermedia and P. nigrescens.
Topics: Bacteroidaceae Infections; Biofilms; Epithelial Cells; Gingiva; Humans; Interleukin-1beta; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Keratinocytes; Prevotella; Prevotella intermedia; Prevotella nigrescens; Quorum Sensing
PubMed: 30189320
DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2018.09.001 -
Journal of Oral Microbiology 2018: Oral microbiota has been at the center of cultural attention in recent years. In daily clinical practice, orthodontic appliances may be associated with an increased... (Review)
Review
: Oral microbiota has been at the center of cultural attention in recent years. In daily clinical practice, orthodontic appliances may be associated with an increased cariogenic risk and a worsening of preexisting periodontal diseases. : The purpose of this review is to investigate the available evidence regarding the association between orthodontic appliances and changes in the quality and quantity of the oral microbiota. : The research included every article published up to October 2017 featuring the keywords 'Orthodontic appliance* AND (microbiological colonization OR periodontal pathogen* OR OR spp. OR OR OR OR OR OR OR OR )' and was conducted in the major medical databases. The methodological quality of selected papers was scored using the 'Swedish Council on Technology Assessment in Health Care Criteria for Grading Assessed Studies' (SBU) method. : Orthodontic appliances influence the oral microbiota with an increase in the counts of and spp. and in the percentage of potentially pathogenic gram-negative bacteria. : There is moderate/high evidence regarding the association between orthodontic appliances and changes in the oral microbiota. PROSPERO registration number CRD42018091589.
PubMed: 29988826
DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2018.1476645 -
Anaerobe Dec 2018The accuracy of a phenotypic scheme to recognize periodontal Prevotella intermedia/nigrescens group clinical isolates on primary isolation culture plates was assessed...
The accuracy of a phenotypic scheme to recognize periodontal Prevotella intermedia/nigrescens group clinical isolates on primary isolation culture plates was assessed with matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). A total of 84 fresh subgingival isolates from 23 chronic periodontitis patients were presumptively recognized on anaerobically-incubated enriched Brucella blood agar primary isolation plates as P. intermedia/nigrescens based on their dark-pigmented colony morphology, brick-red autofluorescence under long-wave ultraviolet light, and a negative fluorescence test for lactose production. The presumptive P. intermedia/nigrescens clinical isolates were subjected to MALDI-TOF MS analysis using Bruker MALDI Biotyper analytic software containing mass spectra for P. intermedia and Prevotella nigrescens in its reference library of bacterial protein profiles. Using a ≥1.7 log score agreement threshold, 60 (71.4%) of the presumptive P. intermedia/nigrescens clinical isolates were confirmed as either P. intermedia (25 isolates) or P. nigrescens (35 isolates). All isolates with a <1.7 log score were also identified as P. intermedia or P. nigrescens from the top choice designated on the MALDI Biotyper most likely species identification list. These MALDI-TOF MS findings document the ability of the phenotypic scheme to correctly recognize most periodontal P. intermedia/nigrescens group clinical isolates on primary isolation culture plates.
Topics: Adult; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidaceae Infections; Chronic Periodontitis; Female; Humans; Male; Phenotype; Prevotella intermedia; Prevotella nigrescens; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
PubMed: 29913204
DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2018.06.007