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Aquatic Toxicology (Amsterdam,... Jul 2023Pesticide contamination in water resources is a global threat. Although usually found at low concentrations, pesticides raise considerable toxicological concerns, mainly...
Pesticide contamination in water resources is a global threat. Although usually found at low concentrations, pesticides raise considerable toxicological concerns, mainly when mixtures are considered. The occurrence of 22 pesticides (2,4 D, alachlor, aldicarb, aldrin, atrazine, carbendazim, carbofuran, chlordane, chlorpyrifos, DDT, diuron, glyphosate, lindane, mancozeb, methamidophos, metolachlor, molinate, profenofos, simazine, tebuconazole, terbufos, and trifluralin) was investigated, through consolidated database information, in surface freshwaters of Brazil. Moreover, scenarios of environmental risk assessment considering isolated compounds and mixtures were performed, as well as a meta-analytic approach for toxicity purposes. Pesticides in freshwater have been reported from 719 cities (12.9% of Brazilian cities), where 179 (3.2%) showed pesticide occurrence above the limit of detection or quantification. Considering cities with more than five quantified, 16 cities were prone to environmental risks considering individual risks. However, the number increased to 117 cities when the pesticide mixture was considered. The mixture risk was driven by atrazine, chlorpyrifos, and DDT. The national maximum acceptable concentrations (MAC) for nearly all pesticides are higher than the predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC) for the species evaluated, except aldrin. Our results show the need to consider mixtures in the environmental risk assessment to avoid underestimation and review MAC to protect aquatic ecosystems. The results presented here may guide the revision of the national environmental legislation to ensure the protection of Brazilian aquatic ecosystems.
Topics: Pesticides; Brazil; Chlorpyrifos; Atrazine; Ecosystem; Aldrin; DDT; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Fresh Water; Risk Assessment; Environmental Monitoring
PubMed: 37196509
DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106566 -
Biomedical Chromatography : BMC Aug 2023A modified quick, easy, cheap, efficient, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) method coupled to gas chromatography with electron capture detection was developed for the...
A modified quick, easy, cheap, efficient, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) method coupled to gas chromatography with electron capture detection was developed for the simultaneous determination of selected electronegative pesticides, namely, chlorpyrifos-methyl (1), chlorpyrifos (2), quinolphos (3), profenofos (4), myclobutanil (5), ethion (6), fenpropathrin (7), and cypermethrin (8), in vegetables with high water content. The selected compounds and some of their metabolites have even been found in human body fluids. In addition, some of them are known or suspected carcinogens according to the World Health Organization. Extraction and cleanup parameters were optimized; thus, the original QuEChERS method was modified to minimize solvent usage by making the study eco-friendly. The developed method was validated for selectivity, specificity, linearity, precision, and accuracy using SANTE guidelines. Calibration curves showed good linearity (r > 0.99) within the test range. Precision was evaluated by intra- and inter-day experiments with an acceptable range of less than 20.0% of relative standard deviation. Recovery was evaluated at limit of quantification and was found to be in the range of 70-120%, with relative standard deviations lower than 4.21%. The proposed method is applicable for detection and monitoring of selected pesticides in one run not only in fruits and vegetables with high water content but also in samples containing large quantities of pigments/dyes.
Topics: Humans; Pesticide Residues; Cucumis sativus; Electrons; Pesticides; Chromatography, Gas; Water; Limit of Detection
PubMed: 37052124
DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5647 -
Biosensors Feb 2023Chlorpyrifos (CHL), profenofos (PRO) and cypermethrin (CYP) are widely used in combination to increase crop yields. However, these three pesticides can cause serious...
Chlorpyrifos (CHL), profenofos (PRO) and cypermethrin (CYP) are widely used in combination to increase crop yields. However, these three pesticides can cause serious harm to human health and do not easily degrade. In this study, a novel visible paper sensor has been prepared successfully and different colorimetric reactions were utilized to detect the three pesticides simultaneously. The sensor was constructed by grafting a zwitterionic polymer onto a cellulose filter (CF) and placing it on a glass surface modified with PDMS. The branch shape was designed to form multiple detection areas, which were modified with specific pesticides and corresponding chromogenic reagents. The as-prepared colorimetric platform exhibited high sensitivity, a short detection time, a good linear response and a low detection limit (LOD) for the three pesticides (chlorpyrifos: y = 46.801 - 1.939x, R = 0.983, LOD = 0.235 mg/L; profenofos: y = 40.068 + 42.5x, R = 0.988, LOD = 4.891 mg/L; cypermethrin: y = 51.993 + 1.474x, R = 0.993, LOD = 4.053 mg/L). The comparison of the results obtained by the proposed paper sensor and those obtained by spectrophotometry further revealed the stability and reliability of the paper sensor. In particular, the color intensity of the interaction between the pesticides and coloring agents could be directly observed by the human eye. The consistency of the colorimetric/optical assay was proven in real target pesticide samples. Thus, this sensing strategy provides a portable, cost-effective, accurate and visualized paper platform, which could be suitable for application in the fruit and vegetable industry for monitoring CHL, PRO and CYP in parallel.
Topics: Humans; Pesticides; Chlorpyrifos; Colorimetry; Reproducibility of Results
PubMed: 36979521
DOI: 10.3390/bios13030309 -
Frontiers in Nutrition 2023Carbendazim (CBZ) is a broad-spectrum fungicide, which is toxic to mammals. Therefore, it is very necessary to establish a sensitive detection for food safety. An...
Carbendazim (CBZ) is a broad-spectrum fungicide, which is toxic to mammals. Therefore, it is very necessary to establish a sensitive detection for food safety. An experiment found that CD exhibited excellent catalysis for the nano-indicator reaction of HAuCl-glyoxal to produce gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and that the generated AuNPs have a very strong surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) effect at 1613 cm in the presence of Victoria blue B molecular probes, and resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS) signals at 370 nm. The aptamer (Apt) suppressed the catalysis of CD to cause the SERS and RRS signals decreasing. With the addition of CBZ, the specific Apt reaction occurred to restore the catalysis of CD, and resulting in a linear increase in the signals of RRS and SERS. As a result, this new nanocatalytic amplification indicator reaction was coupled with a specific Apt reaction of carbendazim (CBZ), to construct a new CD catalytic amplification-aptamer SERS/RRS discattering assay for ultratrace CBZ, which was used to analyze CBZ in tea samples with satisfactory results. In addition, this biosensoring platform can be also used to assay profenofos.
PubMed: 36950331
DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1122876 -
Heliyon Mar 2023In this study, analysis of some selected organophosphorus and organochlorine pesticides was carried out in tomato samples collected from the markets of Mettu town, Ilu...
In this study, analysis of some selected organophosphorus and organochlorine pesticides was carried out in tomato samples collected from the markets of Mettu town, Ilu Aba Bora Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia. The quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe (QuEChERS) method was used for the extraction of collected samples using acetonitrile with 1% acetic acid, anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and anhydrous sodium acetate, followed by dispersive solid-phase extraction (d-SPE). Chromatographic separation and quantitative determination of the pesticides were performed by gas chromatography equipped with a mass spectrometer. The calibration curves for each analyte constructed in tomato samples were linear in the concentration range of 2-200 μg/kg with R > 0.99 and the LODs and LOQs of the method were in the range of 0.01-0.04 μg/kg and 0.04-0.13 μg/kg, respectively. The recovery and precision study results were within acceptable standard guidelines. Of the fourteen pesticides tested, chlordane, hexachlorobenzene, 4, 4'-DDE, 4, 4'-DDD, 4, 4'- DDT, and profenofos were detected at 0.15, 0.09, 0.17, 0.032, 1.24 and 0.062 μg/kg, respectively. Despite the concentrations of the detected pesticides being lower than the maximum residue limit recommended by FAO/WHO, the presence of these toxic chemicals in tomatoes indicates product contamination and requires extensive further investigation with the inclusion of other pesticides.
PubMed: 36923857
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14121 -
Environmental Analysis, Health and... Dec 2022The aim of the study was to assess the occurrence and distribution of organophosphate compounds residue in soil, surface water, sediment, and banana crops in Araromi...
The aim of the study was to assess the occurrence and distribution of organophosphate compounds residue in soil, surface water, sediment, and banana crops in Araromi farm settlement, Osun State, Nigeria. Organophosphate pesticide residues were determined using a gas chromatography equipped with Flame-Ionization Detection (GC-FID) in 16 soil samples from cocoa and banana farms, 6 water and sediment samples each, and 8 banana samples from 4 farms in the study site. Fourteen organophosphate compounds were detected (acephate, omethoate, dementon-s-methyl, dimethoate, tolcofos-methyl, pirimiphos-methyl, malathion, chlorpyrifos, methidathion, prothiofos, profenofos, ethion, azinphos-methyl and pyrazophos). Tolclofos-methyl, pirimiphos-methyl and prothiofos were detected in all the soil and sediment samples with concentration ranges of 1.9-12.9, 2.25-6.98 and 3.38-9.89 mg/kg respectively in soil and 8.13-9.83, 2.82-25.1 and 3.70-19.5 mg/kg respectively in sediment. Dimethoate, pirimiphos-methyl and prothiofos with concentration ranges, 0.06-0.28, 0.09-0.18 and 0.16-6.11 mg/L respectively were mostly detected in water samples while dimethoate, tolcofos-methyl, malathion, methidathion, prothiofos, ethion and azinphos-methyl compounds were detected in all the banana samples with concentration ranges, 3.40-12.0, 1.82-6.26, 5.73-9.48, 29.7-145, 8.24-20.1, 3.87-9.35 and 3.66-12.2 mg/kg respectively. The organophosphate mean residue concentrations were mostly significantly higher than the Maximum Residue Limits (MRL) at p<0.05. Across the three samples, only pirimiphos-methyl was significantly higher in water samples, omethoate in sediment; acephate, dementon-s-methyl and chlorpyrifos in banana were also not significantly higher at p<0.05. A strong positive significant correlation was observed between the organophosphate compounds in the banana and water samples (R=0.77, p=0.002) at p<0.05. The occurrence of organophosphate compounds in concentrations above MRLs may pose serious environmental and health risks.
PubMed: 36916048
DOI: 10.5620/eaht.2022035 -
Biosensors & Bioelectronics May 2023Due to the diversification and complexity of organophosphorus pesticide residues brings great challenges to the detection work. Therefore, we developed a...
Due to the diversification and complexity of organophosphorus pesticide residues brings great challenges to the detection work. Therefore, we developed a dual-ratiometric electrochemical aptasensor that could detect malathion (MAL) and profenofos (PRO) simultaneously. In this study, metal ions, hairpin-tetrahedral DNA nanostructures (HP-TDN) and nanocomposites were used as signal tracers, sensing framework and signal amplification strategy respectively to develop the aptasensor. Thionine (Thi) labeled HP-TDN (HP-TDNThi) provided specific binding sites for assembling Pb2+ labeled MAL aptamer (Pb2+-APT1) and Cd2+ labeled PRO aptamer (Cd2+-APT2). When the target pesticides were present, Pb2+-APT1 and Cd2+-APT2 were dissociated from the hairpin complementary strand of HP-TDNThi, resulting in reduced oxidation currents of Pb (I) and Cd (I), respectively, while the oxidation currents of Thi (I) remained unchanged. Thus, I/I and I/I oxidation current ratios were used to quantify MAL and PRO, respectively. In addition, the gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) encapsulated in the zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-8) nanocomposites (Au@ZIF-8) greatly increased the catch of HP-TDN, thereby amplifying the detection signal. The rigid three-dimensional structure of HP-TDN could reduce the steric hindrance effect on the electrode surface, which could greatly improve the recognition efficiency of the aptasensor for the pesticide. Under the optimal conditions, the detection limits of the HP-TDN aptasensor for MAL and PRO were 4.3 pg mL-1 and 13.3 pg mL-1, respectively. Our work proposed a new approach to fabricating a high-performance aptasensor for simultaneous detection of multiple organophosphorus pesticides, opening a new avenue for the development of simultaneous detection sensors in the field of food safety and environmental monitoring.
Topics: Gold; Malathion; Organophosphorus Compounds; Lead; Cadmium; Pesticides; Metal Nanoparticles; Biosensing Techniques; DNA; Nanocomposites; Aptamers, Nucleotide; Electrochemical Techniques; Limit of Detection
PubMed: 36863194
DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114853 -
Spectrochimica Acta. Part A, Molecular... May 2023Development of high-performance fluorescence sensors for pesticide is highly urgent but remains a grand challenge. It is due to that most of known fluorescence sensors...
Development of high-performance fluorescence sensors for pesticide is highly urgent but remains a grand challenge. It is due to that most of known fluorescence sensors detect pesticides based on enzyme-inhibited strategy, which requires high-price cholinesterase, suffers from serious interference of reductive materials, and can't difference pesticides with each other; the known aptamer-based fluorescence ones entail tool enzymes or nanomaterials to transducer/amplify the signal and demand signalers to be tagged in nucleic acid, which are expensive and intricate. Herein, we develop a novel aptamer-based fluorescence system for label-free, enzyme-free and highly sensitive detection of pesticide (profenofos) based on target-initiated hybridization chain reaction (HCR)-assisted signal amplification and specific intercalation of N-methylmesoporphyrin IX (NMM) in G-quadruplex DNA. Hairpin probe ON1 recognizes profenofos to generate profenofos@ON1 complex, which switches the HCR to yield multiple G-quadruplex DNA, consequently making large numbers of NMM be locked. In comparison with profenofos absence, a sharply improved fluorescence signal was recorded and it was dependent on profenofos dose. Hence, label-free, enzyme-free and highly sensitive detection of profenofos is achieved with limit of detection of 0.085 nM, which compared favorably with or superior to those of known fluorescence methods. Furthermore, the present method was applied to determine the profenofos residue in rice with agreeable result, and will provide more valuable information for guaranteeing the pesticide-related food safety.
Topics: Pesticides; Aptamers, Nucleotide; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Organothiophosphates; DNA; Biosensing Techniques; Limit of Detection; G-Quadruplexes
PubMed: 36801730
DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122451 -
Environmental Science and Pollution... Apr 2023Chlorpyrifos (CP) and profenofos (PF) are organophosphate pesticides (OPs) widely used in agriculture and are noxious to both fauna and flora. The presented work was...
Elucidating molecular characterization of chlorpyrifos and profenofos degrading distinct bacterial strains for enhancing seed germination potential of Gossypium arboreum L.
Chlorpyrifos (CP) and profenofos (PF) are organophosphate pesticides (OPs) widely used in agriculture and are noxious to both fauna and flora. The presented work was designed to attenuate the toxicity of both pesticides in the growth parameters of a cotton crop by applying plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), namely Pseudomonas aeruginosa PM36 and Bacillus sp. PM37. The multifarious biological activities of both strains include plant growth-promoting traits, including phosphate solubilization; indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), siderophore, and HCN production; nitrogen fixation; and enzymatic activity such as cellulase, protease, amylase, and catalase. Furthermore, the molecular profiling of multi-stress-responsive genes, including acdS, ituC, czcD, nifH, and sfp, also confirmed the plant growth regulation and abiotic stress tolerance potential of PM36 and PM37. Both strains (PM36 and PM37) revealed 92% and 89% of CP degradation at 50 ppm and 87% and 81% at 150 ppm within 7 days. Simultaneously 94% and 98% PF degradation was observed at 50 ppm and 90% and 92% at 150 ppm within 7 days at 35 °C and pH 7. Biodegradation was analyzed using HPLC and FTIR. The strains exhibited first-order reaction kinetics, indicating their reliance on CP and PF as energy and carbon sources. The presence of opd, mpd, and opdA genes in both strains also supported the CP and PF degradation potential of both strains. Inoculation of strains under normal and OP stress conditions resulted in a significant increase in seed germination, plant biomass, and chlorophyll contents of the cotton seedling. Our findings indicate that the strains PM36 and PM37 have abilities as biodegraders and plant growth promoters, with potential applications in crop sciences and bioremediation studies. These strains could serve as an environmentally friendly, sustainable, and socially acceptable solution to manage OP-contaminated sites.
Topics: Bacteria; Chlorpyrifos; Germination; Gossypium; Pesticides; Plants; Seeds; Soil Microbiology
PubMed: 36752920
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25343-8 -
Frontiers in Physiology 2023Synthetic insecticides have been an inevitable part of plant protection throughout the world. Sublethal effects of these chemicals on beneficial insect species are one...
Sublethal and transgenerational effects of synthetic insecticides on the biological parameters and functional response of (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) under laboratory conditions.
Synthetic insecticides have been an inevitable part of plant protection throughout the world. Sublethal effects of these chemicals on beneficial insect species are one of the contemporary issues these days. Using the age-stage, two-sex life table model, this study evaluated the sublethal and transgenerational effects of six synthetic insecticides (imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, lambda-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, chlorpyrifos and profenofos) commonly applied to winter vegetables, on the fitness and predation of the seven-spotted ladybeetle, , which is an efficient predator of aphids worldwide. According to results, all insecticides at their sublethal doses (LC) significantly suppressed the emergence of adults, adult weight, fertility and fecundity of the parental generation compared to control treatment. The larval stage was prolonged and oviposition, fecundity and total longevity of the adult beetles were decreased in unexposed progeny whose parents were exposed to sublethal doses of all insecticides. Moreover, the biological parameters of adults, including the intrinsic rate of increase (), finite rate of increase () and net reproductive rate ( ) were significantly reduced when exposed to sublethal doses of insecticides. The predation rate of the F generation adults was also decreased after exposure to the sublethal doses of insecticides. However, chlorpyrifos, profenofos, lambda-cyhalothrin and cypermethrin exhibited more deleterious effects on the fitness and population parameters of beetles than imidacloprid and thiamethoxam.
PubMed: 36726846
DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1088712