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Journal of Natural Products Feb 2020The cultivation of a sp. SD53 strain isolated from the gut of the silkworm produced two macrolactam natural products, piceamycin () and bombyxamycin C (). The planar...
The cultivation of a sp. SD53 strain isolated from the gut of the silkworm produced two macrolactam natural products, piceamycin () and bombyxamycin C (). The planar structures of and were identified by a combination of NMR, MS, and UV spectroscopic analyses. The absolute configurations were assigned based on chemical and chromatographic methods as well as ECD calculations. A new chromatography-based experimental method for determining the configurations of stereogenic centers β to nitrogen atoms in macrolactams was established and successfully applied in this report. These compounds exhibited significant bioactivities against the silkworm entomopathogen and various human pathogens as well as human cancer cell lines. In particular, piceamycin potently inhibited and with MIC values of 0.083 μg/mL and 0.025 μg/mL, respectively. The biosynthetic pathway involved in the formation of the cyclopentenone moiety in piceamycin is discussed.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biological Products; Biosynthetic Pathways; Humans; Lactams, Macrocyclic; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Molecular Structure; Proteus; Stereoisomerism; Streptomyces
PubMed: 32073848
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00678 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Aug 2019Despite the numerous studies on dendrimers for biomedical applications, the antibacterial activity of anionic phosphorus dendrimers has not been explored. In our...
Despite the numerous studies on dendrimers for biomedical applications, the antibacterial activity of anionic phosphorus dendrimers has not been explored. In our research, we evaluated the antibacterial activity of modified polycationic and polyanionic dendrimers in combination with levofloxacin (LVFX) against Gram-negative ( ATCC 25922, ATCC 15442) and Gram-positive ( ATCC 6538) bacteria. In the case of Gram-negative bacteria, we concluded that a combination of dendrimers and antibiotic gave satisfactory results due to a synergistic effect. The use of fluoroquinolone antibiotics, such as LVFX, not only caused resistance in disease-causing microorganisms but also increased environmental pollution. Therefore, reduction of drug dosage is of general interest.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Dendrimers; Drug Synergism; Levofloxacin
PubMed: 31395831
DOI: 10.3390/molecules24162894 -
Journal of Food Science and Technology Dec 2018Ammonia-producing bacteria were isolated and identified from five commercial fermented skates (A1, A2, A3, A4, and A5). In addition, the pH, ammonia nitrogen, total...
Ammonia-producing bacteria were isolated and identified from five commercial fermented skates (A1, A2, A3, A4, and A5). In addition, the pH, ammonia nitrogen, total volatile nitrogen (TVBN), trimethylamine nitrogen (TMAN), and amino nitrogen contents of skate samples were also determined. A total of 88 strains of ammonia-producing bacteria was isolated and seven hyper-ammonia-producing bacteria isolates (A2-2, A2-3, A2-12, A2-18, A2-20, A3-6 and A3-14) were selected based on ammonia nitrogen producing ability. Those isolates were identified as (three strains), (three strains), and . The pH and ammonia nitrogen content in skate samples were ranged from 8.63 to 9.03, and 4.86 to 7.31 g/kg, respectively. No significant difference of pH values was observed in skate samples A2, A3, A4 and A5. While, skate samples A3, A4 and A5 showed similar level of TVBN and TMAN content. Skate sample A2 showed the highest amino nitrogen content among all samples, which indicated the highest degree of protein degradation of skate muscle during fermentation. Bivariate cluster analysis showed that skate samples A3, A4, and A5 clustered together at a relatively high level, implying a similar microbial environment during fermentation. The cluster analysis allowed different commercial fermented skates to be clearly differentiated based on the characteristics determined in this study. This study can provide important information for investigating the mechanisms underlying ammonia flavor formation in skate muscle during fermentation.
PubMed: 30483004
DOI: 10.1007/s13197-018-3447-9 -
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research 2018The current study was aimed to investigate the prevalence of , , and virulence genes using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in spp. isolated from 5 commercially...
The current study was aimed to investigate the prevalence of , , and virulence genes using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in spp. isolated from 5 commercially popular species of pet turtles and comparison of the gene sequences of isolates with human clinical isolates. A total of 24 isolates in pet turtles were identified, comprised of (15), (7) and (2). The prevalence of , , and genes among all identified spp. isolates were 91.7%, 50%, 45.8% and 45.8%, respectively. The average percentage similarities of gene sequence of pet turtle isolates to human urinary and respiratory isolates were 96.35% and 94.85%, respectively. The prevalence of virulence genes and high similarity of gene sequences between pet turtles and human isolates revealed that though pet turtles are healthy, these animals may pose a potential risk of urinary and respiratory infections to humans.
PubMed: 29805463
DOI: No ID Found -
International Journal of Medicinal... 2018Kombucha is a nonalcoholic beverage traditionally made by fermenting black tea using a combination of yeast and acetic acid bacteria (AAB) cultures. Ganoderma lucidum...
Kombucha is a nonalcoholic beverage traditionally made by fermenting black tea using a combination of yeast and acetic acid bacteria (AAB) cultures. Ganoderma lucidum hot water extract (HWE) was used-to our knowledge for the first time-to prepare a novel, health-promoting kombucha product. During the 11-day fermentation, pH, total acidity, and the numbers of yeasts and AAB were monitored. It was found that sweetened G. lucidum HWE was a good medium for yeast and AAB growth. The desired acidity for the beverage was reached on the second day (3 g/L) of the fermentation process; the maximum established acidity was 22.8 ± 0.42 g/L. Fourier transform infrared analysis revealed that the vacuum-dried beverage is a mixture of various compounds such as polysaccharides, phenols, proteins, and lipids. Total phenolic content of the liquid sample was 4.91 ± 0.2338 mg gallic acid equivalents/g, whereas the vacuum-dried sample had a smaller amount of phenolics (2.107 ± 0.228 mg gallic acid equivalents/g). Established half-maximal effective concentrations for DPPH scavenging activity and reducing power were 22.8 ± 0.17 and 10.61 ± 0.34 mg/mL, respectively. The antibacterial testing revealed that activity does not originate solely from synthesized acetic acid. The liquid G. lucidum beverage was the most effective against the tested bacteria, with the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (0.04 mg/mL) against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Rhodococcus equi, and a minimum bactericidal concentration (0.16 mg/mL) against Bacillus spizizenii, B. cereus, and R. equi. The vacuum-dried sample was less effective, with the lowest minimum bactericidal concentration against the Gram-positive bacteria R. equi (1.875 mg/mL) and against the Gram-negative bacteria Proteus hauseri (30 mg/mL).
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antioxidants; Beverages; Complex Mixtures; Fermentation; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Gram-Positive Bacteria; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Reishi; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Tea; Yeasts
PubMed: 29717669
DOI: 10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.2018025833 -
Water Science and Technology : a... Oct 2017This study aimed to kinetically discover optimal conditions on characteristics of Reactive Black 5 decolorization/degradation via ferrous (Fe)-activated potassium...
This study aimed to kinetically discover optimal conditions on characteristics of Reactive Black 5 decolorization/degradation via ferrous (Fe)-activated potassium persulfate (PS). Monod-like kinetics and interactive model-based response surface methodology (RSM) were applied to fitting and predict optimize treatment. Biodegradability of the intermediates was also tested by shaking culture with two species (Proteus hauseri ZMd44 and Shewanella sp. WLP72). Results showed that the optimal degradation efficiency was predicted (through RSM) as pH 3.72, (PS) = 0.39 mM, and (Fe) = 0.29 mM. The transformation products (dl-4-hydroxymandelic acid, benzoic acid, benzene, formic acid, oxalic acid and acetic acid) were less toxic than the original dye solution. According to those results, clean-up of dye pollutants by the Fe/SO process is feasible as a pre-processing for the biodegradation, and the predicted optimal conditions are meaningful for further industry utilization.
Topics: Biodegradation, Environmental; Coloring Agents; Kinetics; Models, Biological; Naphthalenesulfonates; Potassium Compounds; Proteus; Shewanella; Sodium Compounds; Sulfates; Waste Disposal, Fluid; Water Pollutants, Chemical
PubMed: 28991791
DOI: 10.2166/wst.2017.356 -
Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry Mar 2018Proteus hauseri ZMd44, a biodecolorizing bacterium, has been known to produce electricity and multicopper oxidase (Mco-laccase) under copper induction. However,...
Proteus hauseri ZMd44, a biodecolorizing bacterium, has been known to produce electricity and multicopper oxidase (Mco-laccase) under copper induction. However, optimization and regulation of production have not been explored. This study is the first attempt to evaluate several parameters on biomass and Mco-laccase production of P. hauseri ZMd44. Through orthogonal experiments with Taguchi's L9, it was found that P. hauseri ZMd44 was sensitive to pH value. The cells grew relatively quickly at pH 7, thus the biomass and Mco-laccase production reached 1.66 g/L and 1043.6 U/L, respectively. Higher pH values also influenced the swarming motility, which is an important characteristic of P. hauseri ZMd44 that affects urinary tract infection. The swarming circle and the diameter of the swarm, represented by the motility velocity, were found to be more controlled after 24 h of growth at pH 6. The swarming ability of P. hauseri was completely inhibited by the addition of 3 mM copper or zinc ions. Therefore, the Mco-laccase and swarming motility could be controlled by regulating pH and ion content.
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; Cell Proliferation; Copper; Electricity; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Laccase; Proteus; Proteus Infections; Zinc
PubMed: 28150465
DOI: 10.1002/bab.1556 -
Microbial Ecology Nov 2016Proteus spp. bacteria were first described in 1885 by Gustav Hauser, who had revealed their feature of intensive swarming growth. Currently, the genus is divided into... (Review)
Review
Proteus spp. bacteria were first described in 1885 by Gustav Hauser, who had revealed their feature of intensive swarming growth. Currently, the genus is divided into Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Proteus penneri, Proteus hauseri, and three unnamed genomospecies 4, 5, and 6 and consists of 80 O-antigenic serogroups. The bacteria are known to be human opportunistic pathogens, isolated from urine, wounds, and other clinical sources. It is postulated that intestines are a reservoir of these proteolytic organisms. Many wild and domestic animals may be hosts of Proteus spp. bacteria, which are commonly known to play a role of parasites or commensals. However, interesting examples of their symbiotic relationships with higher organisms have also been described. Proteus spp. bacteria present in soil or water habitats are often regarded as indicators of fecal pollution, posing a threat of poisoning when the contaminated water or seafood is consumed. The health risk may also be connected with drug-resistant strains sourcing from intestines. Positive aspects of the bacteria presence in water and soil are connected with exceptional features displayed by autochthonic Proteus spp. strains detected in these environments. These rods acquire various metabolic abilities allowing their adaptation to different environmental conditions, such as high concentrations of heavy metals or toxic substances, which may be exploited as sources of energy and nutrition by the bacteria. The Proteus spp. abilities to tolerate or utilize polluting compounds as well as promote plant growth provide a possibility of employing these microorganisms in bioremediation and environmental protection.
Topics: Animals; Environment; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Houseflies; Humans; Insect Vectors; Proteus; Proteus Infections; Soil Microbiology; Virulence Factors; Water Microbiology; Water Pollution
PubMed: 26748500
DOI: 10.1007/s00248-015-0720-6 -
Journal of Fish Biology Sep 2016In this study, a new cell line derived from the caudal fin of the freshwater angelfish Pterophyllum scalare was developed and characterized. The cell line was designated...
In this study, a new cell line derived from the caudal fin of the freshwater angelfish Pterophyllum scalare was developed and characterized. The cell line was designated angelfish fin (AFF) and subcultured 44 times since its development. These cells grew well in Leibovitz's -15 medium supplemented with 10% foetal bovine saline (FBS) at 28° C and the modal chromosome number (2n) was 48. The AFF cell-line is mainly comprised of epithelial cells as confirmed by immunocytological technique using anti-cytokeratin antibodies, an epithelial cell marker. This cell line was tested for growth in a temperatures range from 20 to 37° C and at various FBS concentrations of 5-20% at 28° C. The cell line was cryopreserved at different passage levels and revived successfully with 80% survival rate. Polymerase chain reaction amplification and sequencing of partial mitochondrial 16s rRNA and coI genes confirmed that the AFF cell-line originated from angelfish. Mycoplasma sp. contamination was not detected in AFF cells and checked by Hoechst 33258 fluorescence staining. At the 42nd passage the cells were transfected with 2 μg of pAcGFP1-N1 expression vector. The AFF cells exhibited cytotoxic effects when exposed to the bacterial extra cellular products from Serratia marcescens and Proteus hauseri. The AFF cells and cells from kidney and brain did not show cytopathic effect when exposed to cyprinid herpes virus2 and viral nervous necrosis virus. The newly developed AFF cell line will be useful for the isolation of viruses affecting angelfishes, such as iridoviruses, in the future.
Topics: Animal Fins; Animals; Cell Line; Cichlids; Cryopreservation; Culture Media; Epithelial Cells; Herpesviridae; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Temperature
PubMed: 27458084
DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13088 -
Journal of Natural Products Jul 2016A new secondary metabolite, actinomadurol (1), was isolated along with the known compound JBIR-65 (2) from a rare actinomycete, Actinomadura strain KC 191. The structure...
A new secondary metabolite, actinomadurol (1), was isolated along with the known compound JBIR-65 (2) from a rare actinomycete, Actinomadura strain KC 191. The structure of 1 was established as a rare member of the bacterial C-19 norditerpenoid class by NMR data and ECD calculations. The absolute configuration of 2, which was previously reported without stereochemical analysis, was determined by using the modified Mosher's method and ECD calculations. Actinomadurol (1) exhibited potent antibacterial activity against pathogenic strains, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Kocuria rhizophila, and Proteus hauseri (MIC = 0.39-0.78 μg/mL), whereas JBIR-65 (2) showed no antibacterial activity.
Topics: Actinobacteria; Actinomycetales; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Diterpenes; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Molecular Structure; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; Staphylococcus aureus
PubMed: 27367579
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b00268