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Nephrology Nursing Journal : Journal of... 2024The nurse staffing crisis requires nurses and administrators to think differently about how to get things done. Delegation is key to doing more work with fewer...
The nurse staffing crisis requires nurses and administrators to think differently about how to get things done. Delegation is key to doing more work with fewer registered nurses (RNs) and retaining current RN staff. Responsibility for effective delegation does not rest solely with the RN but begins with the institution, and includes both the delegator and delegatee. While effective delegation has often been referred to as an art, knowing the science behind delegation can aid in honing a skill necessary for top of license practice.
Topics: Humans; Delegation, Professional; Nursing Staff, Hospital; United States; Personnel Staffing and Scheduling; Nephrology Nursing
PubMed: 38949800
DOI: No ID Found -
Law and Human Behavior Jun 2024Competence to proceed (CTP) is a constitutional protection intended to facilitate fairness and dignity of court proceedings. Researchers have estimated that between...
OBJECTIVE
Competence to proceed (CTP) is a constitutional protection intended to facilitate fairness and dignity of court proceedings. Researchers have estimated that between 60,000 and 94,000 defendants are evaluated for CTP each year. Yet no research has systematically identified the number of evaluations conducted each year, despite their critical role and many profound implications. We used large-scale, systematic data collection to address this knowledge gap.
HYPOTHESES
Given the siloed nature of the judicial and forensic mental health systems, we anticipated incomplete data and that the number of evaluations would far exceed previous estimates.
METHOD
In September 2019, we used public information requests to solicit CTP evaluation order data from the judiciaries of 50 U.S. states, the District of Columbia, and the Federal Bureau of Prisons. We accepted evaluation proxies, such as evaluations ordered or evaluations filed, from the 2018/2019 calendar/fiscal year. We used Uniform Crime Reporting data to estimate a nationwide evaluation-to-arrest ratio and annual evaluation volume.
RESULTS
Twenty-five states provided data. We deemed data from 18 states acceptable while acknowledging that data likely underrepresented actual evaluation volume. By extrapolating data from these 18 states, we estimated a conservative national evaluation-to-arrest ratio of 0.015 (95% confidence interval [-0.007, 0.037]), which suggested that 15 evaluations are conducted per 1,000 arrests each year. Consequently, it seems likely that at least 140,000 evaluations are ordered each year nationwide, with several hundred people referred for evaluations each day.
CONCLUSIONS
Annual CTP evaluation volume likely far exceeds previous estimates. Transparent data are difficult, if not impossible, to obtain. As a result, researchers, legal and forensic mental health professionals, and policymakers lack the ability to implement informed, constitutionally protected CTP practices. Key implications, research directions, and detailed data infrastructure recommendations are provided. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
Topics: United States; Humans; Criminal Law; Crime
PubMed: 38949765
DOI: 10.1037/lhb0000565 -
Global Health Action Dec 2024The COVID-19 pandemic prompted varied policy responses globally, with Latin America facing unique challenges. A detailed examination of these policies' impacts on health...
BACKGROUND
The COVID-19 pandemic prompted varied policy responses globally, with Latin America facing unique challenges. A detailed examination of these policies' impacts on health systems is crucial, particularly in Bolivia, where information about policy implementation and outcomes is limited.
OBJECTIVE
To describe the COVID-19 testing trends and evaluate the effects of quarantine measures on these trends in Cochabamba, Bolivia.
METHODS
Utilizing COVID-19 testing data from the Cochabamba Department Health Service for the 2020-2022 period. Stratified testing rates in the health system sectors were first estimated followed by an interrupted time series analysis using a quasi-Poisson regression model for assessing the quarantine effects on the mitigation of cases during surge periods.
RESULTS
The public sector reported the larger percentage of tests (65%), followed by the private sector (23%) with almost double as many tests as the public-social security sector (11%). In the time series analysis, a correlation between the implementation of quarantine policies and a decrease in the slope of positive rates of COVID-19 cases was observed compared to periods without or with reduced quarantine policies.
CONCLUSION
This research underscores the local health system disparities and the effectiveness of stringent quarantine measures in curbing COVID-19 transmission in the Cochabamba region. The findings stress the importance of the measures' intensity and duration, providing valuable lessons for Bolivia and beyond. As the global community learns from the pandemic, these insights are critical for shaping resilient and effective health policy responses.
Topics: Humans; COVID-19; Bolivia; Quarantine; Interrupted Time Series Analysis; SARS-CoV-2; Health Policy; COVID-19 Testing; Pandemics
PubMed: 38949664
DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2024.2371184 -
Revista Da Escola de Enfermagem Da U S P 2024The aim is to conduct theoretical reflection on the inseparability among public health, planetary health and the nursing process in light of complexity thinking, with...
The aim is to conduct theoretical reflection on the inseparability among public health, planetary health and the nursing process in light of complexity thinking, with the aim of contributing to healthy and sustainable development. Study with a theoretical-reflexive approach that accessed bibliographical sources from contemporary authors who defend the inseparability between public health and planetary health and, at the same time, provide theoretical-systemic support to the nursing process, under an inductive critical bias. The nursing process is conceived as a complex phenomenon, which comprises interdependent dynamics, dialogical approaches, critical-reflective perception and prospective leadership. Theoretical reflection on the nursing process and sustainable development raises an expanded, contextualized and interdependent look at the role of nursing professionals in different health contexts, in order not to compromise well-being and environmental health.
Topics: Sustainable Development; Public Health; Humans; Global Health; Nursing Process; Environmental Health; Nurse's Role
PubMed: 38949513
DOI: 10.1590/1980-220X-REEUSP-2024-0026en -
Archives of Suicide Research : Official... Jul 2024There is a growing body of evidence on suicide risk in family carers, but minimal research on parents caring for children with disabilities and long-term illnesses. The...
OBJECTIVE
There is a growing body of evidence on suicide risk in family carers, but minimal research on parents caring for children with disabilities and long-term illnesses. The aim of this study was to conduct the first dedicated research on suicide risk in parent carers and identify: (1) the number of parent carers experiencing suicidal thoughts and behaviors, and (2) the risk and protective factors for suicidality in this population.
METHOD
A cross-sectional survey of parent carers in England ( = 750), co-produced with parent carers. Suicidal thoughts and behaviors were measured with questions from the Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey. Frequencies summarized the proportion of carers experiencing suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Logistic regressions identified risk and protective factors.
RESULTS
42% of parents had experienced suicidal thoughts and behaviors while caring for a disabled or chronically ill child. Only half had sought help for these experiences. Depression, entrapment, dysfunctional coping, and having a mental health diagnosis prior to caring, were significant risk factors.
CONCLUSION
Parent carers contemplate suicide at levels that exceed those of other family carers and the general public. There is an urgent need, in policy and practice, to recognize parent carers as a priority group for prevention and intervention.
PubMed: 38949265
DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2024.2363230 -
Tobacco Prevention & Cessation 2024Prior research has linked media tobacco promotion to increased tobacco use and favorable perceptions of tobacco products. Switzerland's tobacco lobby employs...
INTRODUCTION
Prior research has linked media tobacco promotion to increased tobacco use and favorable perceptions of tobacco products. Switzerland's tobacco lobby employs advertisements to sway policy decisions in its favor, yet no recent research has assessed this in detail. Our study aims to provide detailed estimates of tobacco industry (TI) advertisement costs, focusing on Philip Morris International (PMI) in Switzerland, and examine potential chronological links between TI advertisement campaigns and parliamentary discussions on tobacco bills. By spreading knowledge on this issue, we aim to support the development of future tobacco advertisement regulations.
METHODS
We conducted an expenditure analysis of tobacco-related press advertisements in Swiss print media published between August 2020 and August 2021, accessed through the media intelligence firm Argus Data Insights. Advertisement costs were estimated using publicly available data. We plotted expenditure sums of PMI against key parliamentary session dates featuring discussions on proposed tobacco control measures, such as tighter restrictions on advertising.
RESULTS
Over 12 months, 501 advertisements with tobacco-specific headlines were published in Swiss press media. Of these, 437 advertisements (87.22%) were linked to PMI. PMI accounted for 88.21% (CHF 6486969) of total advertisement expenditure. Notably, PMI advertisements coincided with key political sessions discussing tobacco legislation in parliament, with a limited presence outside these periods.
CONCLUSIONS
PMI advertisements were published parallel to key moments of parliamentary discussions, suggesting an attempt by TI to potentially influence discussions. Applying such an advertisement monitoring methodology helps understand the contextual conditions of public health in Switzerland. By analyzing TI advertisements in print media, we sought to highlight regulatory gaps and support the creation of stricter advertising regulations. We recommend continuing such research to strengthen tobacco control policymaking. Key public health efforts should include raising awareness of TI tactics, implementing a comprehensive ban on tobacco advertising, and strategically engaging with the media in tobacco control campaigns.
PubMed: 38948920
DOI: 10.18332/tpc/189922 -
The Lancet Regional Health. Western... Jul 2024Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a multifaceted threat to the human, animal, and environment sectors. In response, China has formulated a series of policies since... (Review)
Review
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a multifaceted threat to the human, animal, and environment sectors. In response, China has formulated a series of policies since the 2000s. Thus far, there has been no comprehensive assessment of these policy documents. This study aims to review the content of AMR policy documents at the national level using a governance framework covering three areas: ; ; and . We identified 44 AMR documents from 2003 to 2022 sourced from government agency websites. Our findings have revealed noticeable discrepancies across the three governance areas. The and areas should be strengthened, particularly in the domains of 'Coordination', 'Accountability', 'Sustainability', and 'Effectiveness'. From a 'One Health' perspective, the environment sector has received less attention compared to the human and animal sectors. Effectively addressing these challenges requires a stronger commitment and widespread support from diverse stakeholders.
PubMed: 38948912
DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2024.101111 -
Journal of Family Medicine and Primary... May 2024The cost of medications poses a significant financial burden on patients. It limits access and adherence to treatment. Psychiatric disease burden is rising and it needs...
A study on the price variability of branded medicines and Jan aushadi versions of selected commonly prescribed psychiatric medications in India using a cost-comparative approach and a passive evaluation of the Jan aushadhi scheme in India.
INTRODUCTION
The cost of medications poses a significant financial burden on patients. It limits access and adherence to treatment. Psychiatric disease burden is rising and it needs treatment for long durations. The high cost of branded medicines and lack of access to medicines at affordable prices can limit adherence.
METHODOLOGY
A cost comparison study was done to investigate the price difference between branded and Jan aushadhi versions of 20 selected psychiatric drugs was done at the Department of Community Medicine of a Government medical college in Southern India. The average (mean) price of branded medicines of each drug was calculated with minimum, and maximum using online data, and comparison was done by calculating the percentage price difference between branded and Jan aushadhi medicines. The overall percentage price difference between branded and Jan aushadhi medicines was calculated.
RESULTS
The overall percentage price difference between the mean price of branded medicine and Jan aushadhi medicine was + 252% for antipsychotics, indicating that the mean branded price was 252% (2.52 times) Jan aushadhi price. Similarly, the overall percentage price difference between the mean branded price and Jan aushadhi price among antidepressants was +277.54%, and the overall percentage price difference between mean branded price and Jan aushadhi was +227.73% for anticonvulsants. Similarly, price differences of maximum and minimum branded prices and Jan aushadhi were high.
CONCLUSION
The study was able to estimate variation in the price of branded drugs and compare the price of branded medicines with Jan aushadhi by estimating price differences. The results of the study are useful in further reference regarding the subject for public, policy makers and healthcare providers. It gives valuable evidence into medication costs in India.
PubMed: 38948584
DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1737_23 -
Journal of Family Medicine and Primary... May 2024Historically, it takes an average of 17 years to move new treatments from clinical evidence to daily practice. Given the highly effective treatments now available to...
Historically, it takes an average of 17 years to move new treatments from clinical evidence to daily practice. Given the highly effective treatments now available to prevent or delay kidney disease onset and progression, this is far too long. The time is now to narrow the gap between what we know and what we do. Clear guidelines exist for the prevention and management of common risk factors for kidney disease, such as hypertension and diabetes, but only a fraction of people with these conditions worldwide are diagnosed, and even fewer are treated to target. Similarly, the vast majority of people living with kidney disease are unaware of their condition because in the early stages, it is often silent. Even among patients who have been diagnosed, many do not receive appropriate treatment for kidney disease. Considering the serious consequences of kidney disease progression, kidney failure, or death, it is imperative that treatments are initiated early and appropriately. Opportunities to diagnose and treat kidney disease early must be maximized beginning at the primary care level. Many systematic barriers exist, ranging from patient to clinician to health systems to societal factors. To preserve and improve kidney health for everyone everywhere, each of these barriers must be acknowledged so that sustainable solutions are developed and implemented without further delay.
PubMed: 38948565
DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_518_24 -
Cityscape (Washington, D.C.) 2024For more than a decade, the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) and the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) have partnered to link NCHS...
The Health Status of Women with Children Living in Public and Assisted Housing: Linkage of the National Health Interview Survey to U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development Administrative Data.
For more than a decade, the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) and the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) have partnered to link NCHS national health survey data with HUD administrative records on persons participating in federal public and assisted housing programs. This study used 2015-18 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS)-HUD linked data to examine women 18-44 years old with children and renting their home who were receiving HUD assistance (n=852) and a comparison population of women of the same age with children, who were low-income renters but did not link to HUD records at the time of their NHIS interview (n=894). The population of HUD-assisted women differed from the comparison group on key sociodemographic characteristics and health indicators. HUD-assisted women were more likely to report their health as fair or poor and to being a current smoker. HUD-assisted women also were less likely to be uninsured and more likely to have a regular source of care. The findings in this article are exploratory but demonstrate how the NCHS-HUD-linked data can be a resource for researchers and policymakers in further examining housing status as an important social determinant of health.
PubMed: 38948509
DOI: No ID Found