-
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases Jul 2024Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a major public health issue in China while temperature and humidity are well-documented predictors. However, evidence on the...
BACKGROUND
Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a major public health issue in China while temperature and humidity are well-documented predictors. However, evidence on the combined effect of temperature and humidity is still limited. It also remains unclear whether such an effect could be modified by the enterovirus 71 (EV71) vaccination.
METHODS
Based on 320,042 reported HFMD cases during the summer months between 2012 and 2019, we conducted a study utilizing Distributed Lag Non-Linear Models (DLNM) and time-varying DLNM to examine how China's HFMD EV71 vaccine strategy would affect the correlation between meteorological conditions and HFMD risk.
RESULTS
The incidence of HFMD changed with the Discomfort Index in an arm-shaped form. The 14-day cumulative risk of HFMD exhibited a statistically significant increase during the period of 2017-2019 (following the implementation of the EV71 vaccine policy) compared to 2012-2016 (prior to the vaccine implementation). For the total population, the range of relative risk (RR) values for HFMD at the 75th, 90th, and 99th percentiles increased from 1.082-1.303 in 2012-2016 to 1.836-2.022 in 2017-2019. In the stratified analyses, Han Chinese areas show stronger relative growth, with RR values at the 75th, 90th, and 99th percentiles increased by 14.3%, 39.1%, and 134.4% post-vaccination, compared to increases of 22.7%, 41.6%, and 38.8% in minority areas. Similarly, boys showed greater increases (24.4%, 47.7%, 121.5%) compared to girls (8.1%, 28.1%, 58.3%). Additionally, the central Guizhou urban agglomeration displayed a tendency for stronger relative growth compared to other counties.
CONCLUSIONS
Although the EV71 vaccine policy has been implemented, it hasn't effectively controlled the overall risk of HFMD. There's been a shift in the main viral subtypes, potentially altering population susceptibility and influencing HFMD occurrences. The modulating effects of vaccine intervention may also be influenced by factors such as race, sex, and economic level.
Topics: Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease; Humans; China; Male; Female; Vaccination; Infant; Child, Preschool; Enterovirus A, Human; Incidence; Viral Vaccines; Humidity; Temperature; Child
PubMed: 38949988
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0012008 -
The Journal of the Association of...The COVID-19 pandemic drastically affected health care delivery for vulnerable populations. Many facilities shifted services to telemedicine, and people with HIV or at...
The COVID-19 pandemic drastically affected health care delivery for vulnerable populations. Many facilities shifted services to telemedicine, and people with HIV or at risk of acquiring HIV experienced interruptions in care. Simultaneously, traditional training approaches to help providers adapt were disrupted. Using a mixed method approach to examine changes over time, we integrated data on trainee needs collected by the Mountain West AIDS Education and Training Center (AETC): a 10-state needs assessment survey in 2020; feedback from a 2020 community of practice; aggregate training data from 2000 to 2022; and a second survey in 2022. HIV care providers' training needs evolved from wanting support on telemedicine and COVID-19 patient care issues, to a later focus on mental health and substance use, social determinants of health, and care coordination. This integrative analysis demonstrates the vital role that AETCs can play in addressing evolving and emergent public health challenges for the HIV workforce.
Topics: Humans; COVID-19; HIV Infections; Needs Assessment; Health Personnel; SARS-CoV-2; Telemedicine; Health Workforce; United States; Pandemics; Delivery of Health Care; Health Services Needs and Demand; Surveys and Questionnaires; Female; Male
PubMed: 38949905
DOI: 10.1097/JNC.0000000000000448 -
JAMA Jul 2024
PubMed: 38949836
DOI: 10.1001/jama.2024.11126 -
Nephrology Nursing Journal : Journal of... 2024The nurse staffing crisis requires nurses and administrators to think differently about how to get things done. Delegation is key to doing more work with fewer...
The nurse staffing crisis requires nurses and administrators to think differently about how to get things done. Delegation is key to doing more work with fewer registered nurses (RNs) and retaining current RN staff. Responsibility for effective delegation does not rest solely with the RN but begins with the institution, and includes both the delegator and delegatee. While effective delegation has often been referred to as an art, knowing the science behind delegation can aid in honing a skill necessary for top of license practice.
Topics: Humans; Delegation, Professional; Nursing Staff, Hospital; United States; Personnel Staffing and Scheduling; Nephrology Nursing
PubMed: 38949800
DOI: No ID Found -
Law and Human Behavior Jun 2024Competence to proceed (CTP) is a constitutional protection intended to facilitate fairness and dignity of court proceedings. Researchers have estimated that between...
OBJECTIVE
Competence to proceed (CTP) is a constitutional protection intended to facilitate fairness and dignity of court proceedings. Researchers have estimated that between 60,000 and 94,000 defendants are evaluated for CTP each year. Yet no research has systematically identified the number of evaluations conducted each year, despite their critical role and many profound implications. We used large-scale, systematic data collection to address this knowledge gap.
HYPOTHESES
Given the siloed nature of the judicial and forensic mental health systems, we anticipated incomplete data and that the number of evaluations would far exceed previous estimates.
METHOD
In September 2019, we used public information requests to solicit CTP evaluation order data from the judiciaries of 50 U.S. states, the District of Columbia, and the Federal Bureau of Prisons. We accepted evaluation proxies, such as evaluations ordered or evaluations filed, from the 2018/2019 calendar/fiscal year. We used Uniform Crime Reporting data to estimate a nationwide evaluation-to-arrest ratio and annual evaluation volume.
RESULTS
Twenty-five states provided data. We deemed data from 18 states acceptable while acknowledging that data likely underrepresented actual evaluation volume. By extrapolating data from these 18 states, we estimated a conservative national evaluation-to-arrest ratio of 0.015 (95% confidence interval [-0.007, 0.037]), which suggested that 15 evaluations are conducted per 1,000 arrests each year. Consequently, it seems likely that at least 140,000 evaluations are ordered each year nationwide, with several hundred people referred for evaluations each day.
CONCLUSIONS
Annual CTP evaluation volume likely far exceeds previous estimates. Transparent data are difficult, if not impossible, to obtain. As a result, researchers, legal and forensic mental health professionals, and policymakers lack the ability to implement informed, constitutionally protected CTP practices. Key implications, research directions, and detailed data infrastructure recommendations are provided. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
Topics: United States; Humans; Criminal Law; Crime
PubMed: 38949765
DOI: 10.1037/lhb0000565 -
Global Health Action Dec 2024The COVID-19 pandemic prompted varied policy responses globally, with Latin America facing unique challenges. A detailed examination of these policies' impacts on health...
BACKGROUND
The COVID-19 pandemic prompted varied policy responses globally, with Latin America facing unique challenges. A detailed examination of these policies' impacts on health systems is crucial, particularly in Bolivia, where information about policy implementation and outcomes is limited.
OBJECTIVE
To describe the COVID-19 testing trends and evaluate the effects of quarantine measures on these trends in Cochabamba, Bolivia.
METHODS
Utilizing COVID-19 testing data from the Cochabamba Department Health Service for the 2020-2022 period. Stratified testing rates in the health system sectors were first estimated followed by an interrupted time series analysis using a quasi-Poisson regression model for assessing the quarantine effects on the mitigation of cases during surge periods.
RESULTS
The public sector reported the larger percentage of tests (65%), followed by the private sector (23%) with almost double as many tests as the public-social security sector (11%). In the time series analysis, a correlation between the implementation of quarantine policies and a decrease in the slope of positive rates of COVID-19 cases was observed compared to periods without or with reduced quarantine policies.
CONCLUSION
This research underscores the local health system disparities and the effectiveness of stringent quarantine measures in curbing COVID-19 transmission in the Cochabamba region. The findings stress the importance of the measures' intensity and duration, providing valuable lessons for Bolivia and beyond. As the global community learns from the pandemic, these insights are critical for shaping resilient and effective health policy responses.
Topics: Humans; COVID-19; Bolivia; Quarantine; Interrupted Time Series Analysis; SARS-CoV-2; Health Policy; COVID-19 Testing; Pandemics
PubMed: 38949664
DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2024.2371184 -
Revista Da Escola de Enfermagem Da U S P 2024The aim is to conduct theoretical reflection on the inseparability among public health, planetary health and the nursing process in light of complexity thinking, with...
The aim is to conduct theoretical reflection on the inseparability among public health, planetary health and the nursing process in light of complexity thinking, with the aim of contributing to healthy and sustainable development. Study with a theoretical-reflexive approach that accessed bibliographical sources from contemporary authors who defend the inseparability between public health and planetary health and, at the same time, provide theoretical-systemic support to the nursing process, under an inductive critical bias. The nursing process is conceived as a complex phenomenon, which comprises interdependent dynamics, dialogical approaches, critical-reflective perception and prospective leadership. Theoretical reflection on the nursing process and sustainable development raises an expanded, contextualized and interdependent look at the role of nursing professionals in different health contexts, in order not to compromise well-being and environmental health.
Topics: Sustainable Development; Public Health; Humans; Global Health; Nursing Process; Environmental Health; Nurse's Role
PubMed: 38949513
DOI: 10.1590/1980-220X-REEUSP-2024-0026en -
Archives of Suicide Research : Official... Jul 2024There is a growing body of evidence on suicide risk in family carers, but minimal research on parents caring for children with disabilities and long-term illnesses. The...
OBJECTIVE
There is a growing body of evidence on suicide risk in family carers, but minimal research on parents caring for children with disabilities and long-term illnesses. The aim of this study was to conduct the first dedicated research on suicide risk in parent carers and identify: (1) the number of parent carers experiencing suicidal thoughts and behaviors, and (2) the risk and protective factors for suicidality in this population.
METHOD
A cross-sectional survey of parent carers in England ( = 750), co-produced with parent carers. Suicidal thoughts and behaviors were measured with questions from the Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey. Frequencies summarized the proportion of carers experiencing suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Logistic regressions identified risk and protective factors.
RESULTS
42% of parents had experienced suicidal thoughts and behaviors while caring for a disabled or chronically ill child. Only half had sought help for these experiences. Depression, entrapment, dysfunctional coping, and having a mental health diagnosis prior to caring, were significant risk factors.
CONCLUSION
Parent carers contemplate suicide at levels that exceed those of other family carers and the general public. There is an urgent need, in policy and practice, to recognize parent carers as a priority group for prevention and intervention.
PubMed: 38949265
DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2024.2363230 -
Tobacco Prevention & Cessation 2024Prior research has linked media tobacco promotion to increased tobacco use and favorable perceptions of tobacco products. Switzerland's tobacco lobby employs...
INTRODUCTION
Prior research has linked media tobacco promotion to increased tobacco use and favorable perceptions of tobacco products. Switzerland's tobacco lobby employs advertisements to sway policy decisions in its favor, yet no recent research has assessed this in detail. Our study aims to provide detailed estimates of tobacco industry (TI) advertisement costs, focusing on Philip Morris International (PMI) in Switzerland, and examine potential chronological links between TI advertisement campaigns and parliamentary discussions on tobacco bills. By spreading knowledge on this issue, we aim to support the development of future tobacco advertisement regulations.
METHODS
We conducted an expenditure analysis of tobacco-related press advertisements in Swiss print media published between August 2020 and August 2021, accessed through the media intelligence firm Argus Data Insights. Advertisement costs were estimated using publicly available data. We plotted expenditure sums of PMI against key parliamentary session dates featuring discussions on proposed tobacco control measures, such as tighter restrictions on advertising.
RESULTS
Over 12 months, 501 advertisements with tobacco-specific headlines were published in Swiss press media. Of these, 437 advertisements (87.22%) were linked to PMI. PMI accounted for 88.21% (CHF 6486969) of total advertisement expenditure. Notably, PMI advertisements coincided with key political sessions discussing tobacco legislation in parliament, with a limited presence outside these periods.
CONCLUSIONS
PMI advertisements were published parallel to key moments of parliamentary discussions, suggesting an attempt by TI to potentially influence discussions. Applying such an advertisement monitoring methodology helps understand the contextual conditions of public health in Switzerland. By analyzing TI advertisements in print media, we sought to highlight regulatory gaps and support the creation of stricter advertising regulations. We recommend continuing such research to strengthen tobacco control policymaking. Key public health efforts should include raising awareness of TI tactics, implementing a comprehensive ban on tobacco advertising, and strategically engaging with the media in tobacco control campaigns.
PubMed: 38948920
DOI: 10.18332/tpc/189922 -
The Lancet Regional Health. Western... Jul 2024Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a multifaceted threat to the human, animal, and environment sectors. In response, China has formulated a series of policies since... (Review)
Review
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a multifaceted threat to the human, animal, and environment sectors. In response, China has formulated a series of policies since the 2000s. Thus far, there has been no comprehensive assessment of these policy documents. This study aims to review the content of AMR policy documents at the national level using a governance framework covering three areas: ; ; and . We identified 44 AMR documents from 2003 to 2022 sourced from government agency websites. Our findings have revealed noticeable discrepancies across the three governance areas. The and areas should be strengthened, particularly in the domains of 'Coordination', 'Accountability', 'Sustainability', and 'Effectiveness'. From a 'One Health' perspective, the environment sector has received less attention compared to the human and animal sectors. Effectively addressing these challenges requires a stronger commitment and widespread support from diverse stakeholders.
PubMed: 38948912
DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2024.101111