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Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Nov 2023: More than a billion people worldwide suffer from chronic periodontitis. The primary etiological factor of periodontal diseases is dental plaque and the bacteria it... (Review)
Review
: More than a billion people worldwide suffer from chronic periodontitis. The primary etiological factor of periodontal diseases is dental plaque and the bacteria it contains, particularly , , , , and . Zinc, owing to its antibacterial properties, can be employed in periodontology. The objective of this review was to analyze scientific literature that examines the effects of zinc on periopathogens. : A systematic review protocol of scientific literature was designed following PRISMA recommendations. Data search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect databases. Full-text articles in English that examine the effects of zinc on periopathogens and were published between 2011 and 2021 were included. Fifteen articles were included in the analysis based on inclusion criteria. ZnO exhibited antibacterial activity against and ( < 0.001). The minimum inhibitory concentration against was 10 μg/mL. ZnO demonstrated a significant antibacterial effect, as evidenced by inhibition zones of 15.10 mm for , 13.36 mm for , 12.98 mm for , and 14.01 mm for Zn (II)-based polymers inhibited the and genes of . Titanium dental implants coated with ZnO effectively disrupted the cell walls of and . ZnO inhibited the growth of within 2 h and the growth of and within 3 h. ZnO exhibited nontoxic effects, and concentrations up to 0.8 mg/L increased cell survival rates by up to 90%. The analysis of the literature confirms the antibacterial action of zinc against periodontal pathogenic bacteria. At low concentrations, these substances do not exhibit cytotoxic effects on fibroblasts.
Topics: Humans; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Chronic Periodontitis; Organic Chemicals; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Systematic Reviews as Topic; Zinc; Zinc Oxide
PubMed: 38138191
DOI: 10.3390/medicina59122088 -
Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2022Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome (PLS) is a rare hereditary disease characterized by palmoplantar hyperkeratosis (PPK) and periodontitis in the primary and permanent...
Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome (PLS) is a rare hereditary disease characterized by palmoplantar hyperkeratosis (PPK) and periodontitis in the primary and permanent dentition, usually resulting in edentulism in youth. Subsiding of PLS-associated periodontitis through specific therapy has occasionally been reported. We aimed to systematically assess periodontal treatment strategies that may decelerate disease progression. A systematic literature search was conducted at PubMed/LIVIVO/Ovid (Prospero registration number CRD42021223253). Clinical studies describing periodontal treatment success-defined as loss of ≤four permanent teeth because of periodontitis and the arrest of periodontitis or probing depths ≤ 5 mm-in individuals with PLS followed up for ≥24 months. Out of the 444 primarily identified studies, 12 studies reporting nine individuals were included. The timely extraction of affected or, alternatively, all primary teeth, compliance with oral hygiene instructions, supra- and subgingival debridement within frequent supportive periodontal care intervals, and-in eight patients-adjunctive systemic antibiotic therapy (mostly amoxicillin/metronidazole) effected a halt in disease progression. The suppression of below the detection limit was correlated with the subsiding of periodontitis. Successful controlling of PLS-associated periodontitis may be achieved if high effort and patient compliance are provided.
PubMed: 36554029
DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10122505 -
Evidence-based Complementary and... 2022In this systematic review and meta-analysis, the existence of pathogens in atherosclerotic plaques of coronary arteries was investigated in coronary arteries diseases... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
In this systematic review and meta-analysis, the existence of pathogens in atherosclerotic plaques of coronary arteries was investigated in coronary arteries diseases (CAD) patients.
METHODS
This study was designed and implemented up to 31 August 2020. The findings present according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) checklist. Two independent reviewers (I.RJ and S.H) performed a comprehensive search on four different English databases including PubMed, ISI, Scopus, and Embase. In order to assess the quality of the articles, a checklist prepared by The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) was used.
RESULTS
Finally, 44 studies were selected. The prevalence of different microorganisms in coronary arteries were as follows: (46.2%), (43.0%), (42.8%), (29.1%), (18.9%), virus type 1 (5.9%), (42.6%), (47.6%), (43.7%), and (32.9%).
CONCLUSION
Based on the result of this meta-analysis, and are the most common microorganisms in atherosclerotic plaques of coronary arteries and may have an important role in the development of atherosclerosis.
PubMed: 36506809
DOI: 10.1155/2022/8678967 -
International Journal of Environmental... Nov 2022The implementation of adjunctive antibiotics has been recommended for the therapy of peri-implantitis (PI). In this review, antibiotic resistance patterns in PI patients... (Review)
Review
The implementation of adjunctive antibiotics has been recommended for the therapy of peri-implantitis (PI). In this review, antibiotic resistance patterns in PI patients were assessed. A systematic scoping review of observational studies and trials was established in conjunction with the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews. The SCOPUS, PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCIELO, Web of Science, and LILACS databases were reviewed along with the gray literature. The primary electronic examination produced 139 investigations. Finally, four observational studies met the selection criteria. These studies evaluated 214 implants in 168 patients. and mainly presented high resistance to tetracycline, metronidazole, and erythromycin in PI patients. Similarly, was also highly resistant to clindamycin and doxycycline. Other microorganisms such as , , and also presented significant levels of resistance to other antibiotics including amoxicillin, azithromycin, and moxifloxacin. However, most microorganisms did not show resistance to the combination amoxicillin metronidazole. Although the management of adjunctive antimicrobials in the therapy of PI is controversial, in this review, the resistance of relevant microorganisms to antibiotics used to treat PI, and usually prescribed in dentistry, was observed. Clinicians should consider the antibiotic resistance demonstrated in the treatment of PI patients and its public health consequences.
Topics: Humans; Peri-Implantitis; Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Amoxicillin; Metronidazole; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 36497685
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315609 -
World Journal of Cardiology Oct 2022(HPI) belongs to the HACEK ( spp., spp., spp., spp., and spp.) group of organisms. The HACEK group of organisms are a part of the oropharyngeal flora and can cause...
BACKGROUND
(HPI) belongs to the HACEK ( spp., spp., spp., spp., and spp.) group of organisms. The HACEK group of organisms are a part of the oropharyngeal flora and can cause invasive opportunistic infection such infective endocarditis (IE) in hosts with compromised immunological barriers.
AIM
To perform a 20-year systematic review of the literature characterizing the clinical presentation, epidemiology and prognosis of HPI IE.
METHODS
We performed a systematic review of Medline, Pubmed, Scopus and Embase from 2000 to 2022 to identify all cases of HPI IE.
RESULTS
Thirty-nine adult cases were identified. HPI IE was found to affect males slightly more than females and is common in patients with predisposing risk factors such as underlying valvular abnormalities. It mostly affected the mitral valve and had an indolent course; significantly sized vegetations (> 1 cm) developed in most cases. Central nervous system septic embolization was common. It had a favorable prognosis compared to staphylococcal and streptococcal IE.
CONCLUSION
Clinicians should be attentive to the indolent course of HPI IE and the presence of predisposing risk factors in order to allow for timely management.
PubMed: 36339888
DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v14.i10.546 -
Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Oct 2022The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate clinical and microbiological outcomes with the use of azithromycin as an adjunct to non-surgical subgingival... (Review)
Review
The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate clinical and microbiological outcomes with the use of azithromycin as an adjunct to non-surgical subgingival professional mechanical plaque removal (PMPR) in the treatment of grade C periodontitis. Online database searches using high-level MeSH terms in a PICO structure were conducted along with hand-searching of relevant periodontal journals. Titles and abstracts of identified studies were independently reviewed by both authors and the full texts of studies meeting the inclusion criteria were independently reviewed. In total, 122 studies were identified through searches, of which 6 were included in the qualitative analysis and 4 in the meta-analysis. Three studies included in the meta-analysis were deemed at low risk of bias and 1 at serious risk. There were conflicting results on whether azithromycin reduced the number of subgingival pathogens or detectable subgingival between the included studies. The meta-analysis revealed a statistically significant probing depth reduction difference in favour of azithromycin compared to the control at 3 months (weighted mean difference [WMD]=-0.39 mm; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.66 to -0.13 mm; I²=0%) and 12 months (WMD=-1.32 mm; 95% CI, -1.71 to -0.93 mm; I²=0%). The clinical attachment level change was also statistically significant in favour of azithromycin compared to the control at 3 months (WMD=-0.61 mm; 95% CI, -1.13 to -0.10 mm; I²=71%) and 12 months (WMD=-0.88 mm; 95% CI, -1.32 to -0.44 mm; I²=0%). Based upon these results, azithromycin offers additional improvements in some clinical parameters when used in conjunction with subgingival PMPR in patients with aggressive periodontitis over control groups. These improvements appear to be maintained for up to 12 months after treatment completion. However, due to a lack of well-designed studies, the conclusions that can be drawn from the available evidence are limited. Trial Registration: International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews Identifier: CRD42020168195.
PubMed: 36302643
DOI: 10.5051/jpis.2200340017 -
Journal of Gastroenterology and... Sep 2022Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is an atopic disease of the esophagus that has shown a significant increase in incidence and prevalence in the last 20 years. The... (Review)
Review
Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is an atopic disease of the esophagus that has shown a significant increase in incidence and prevalence in the last 20 years. The etiology of EoE is unclear, and few studies explore the esophageal microbiota in EoE. The local microbiome has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several allergic and inflammatory diseases, such as asthma and eczema. In this study, we performed a systematic review to evaluate differences in the microbiota profile of patients with EoE compared with controls. MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature) databases were searched to identify studies investigating the microbiota composition in EoE. Three reviewers screened the articles for eligibility and quality. Seven articles underwent full-text review, and a narrative synthesis was undertaken. The microbiota of the mouth and esophagus are correlated. Patients with active EoE present increased esophageal microbial load and increased abundance in particular species, such as Haemophilus and Aggregatibacter. On the other hand, EoE patients present a decrease in Firmicutes. High microbial load and abundance of Haemophilus are observed in EoE patients, but little evidence exists to demonstrate their influence on inflammation and disease. Understanding microbial signatures in EoE might contribute to the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
Topics: Eosinophilic Esophagitis; Humans; Incidence; Inflammation; Microbiota
PubMed: 35730344
DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15921 -
International Journal of Dentistry 2022To assess the clinical and microbiological efficacy of systemic quinolones adjunctive to mechanical therapy in periodontitis patients. systematic review of the... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
To assess the clinical and microbiological efficacy of systemic quinolones adjunctive to mechanical therapy in periodontitis patients. systematic review of the scientific literature was carried out. The search scheme comprised the Scopus, PubMed/MEDLINE, SCIELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online), and LILACS (Literatura Latinoamericana del Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud) databases, together with the gray literature. MeSH terms and keywords were utilized to explore publications in all idioms. Only randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that met the selection criteria were included.
RESULTS
A total of 4 RCTs were selected. These RCTs found superior clinical and microbiological efficacy of adjunctive systemic moxifloxacin (MOX) and levofloxacin (LV) compared to subgingival debridement plus placebo. Improvements in PD and CAL were 2.4 ± 0.8 mm and 2.7 ± 0.9 mm for LV, and 1.5 ± 0.5 mm and 1.8 ± 0.5 mm for MOX, respectively. After six months of follow-up, adjunctive MOX reduced the presence of to imperceptible levels, while LV markedly reduced this microorganism. Some adverse events were reported in the LV group and none in the MOX group.
CONCLUSIONS
Adjunctive MOX and LV improve probing depth and clinical attachment level compared with subgingival debridement alone in patients with periodontitis. The efficacy of these quinolones against was also superior.
PubMed: 35637653
DOI: 10.1155/2022/4334269 -
Clinical Oral Investigations Mar 2022The aim of this study was to systematically update the evidence for associations between host genetic variants and subgingival microbial detection and counts.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to systematically update the evidence for associations between host genetic variants and subgingival microbial detection and counts.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Following a previous systematic review (Nibali et al. J Clin Periodontol 43(11): 889-900, 15), an update of a systematic search of the literature was conducted in Ovid Medline, Embase, LILACS, and Cochrane Library for studies reporting data on host genetic variants and detection of microbes subgingivally published in the last 6 years.
RESULTS
A total of 19 studies were included in the review, from an initial search of 2797 titles. Studies consisted mainly of candidate gene studies and of one genome-wide analysis. A total of 62 studies were considered for summary findings, including 43 identified in the previous systematic review of studies published up to 2015. Meta-analyses were done when appropriate including both papers in the original review and in the update. Meta-analyses revealed lack of associations between IL1 composite genotype and subgingival detection of Aggregatibacter acinomycetemcomitans, Poprhyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, and Prevotella intermedia. Promising evidence is emerging from other genetic variants and from sub-analyses of data from genome-association studies. Among other studies with candidate-gene, target SNPs were mainly within the IL10, IL6, IL4, IL8, IL17A, and VDR gene.
CONCLUSIONS
IL1 composite genotype does not seem to be associated with subgingival microbial detection. Promising associations should be pursued by future studies, including studies employing -OMICS technologies.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
A better knowledge of which host genetic variant predispose to subgingival microbial colonization and to the development of progression of periodontal disease could potentially help to better understand periodontal disease pathogenesis and help with its management.
Topics: Genotype; Gingiva; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Host Microbial Interactions; Humans; Interleukin-1
PubMed: 35122548
DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04233-8 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2021The development of periodontitis is associated with an imbalanced subgingival microbial community enriched with species such as the traditionally classified red-complex... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
The development of periodontitis is associated with an imbalanced subgingival microbial community enriched with species such as the traditionally classified red-complex bacteria (, , and ). Saliva has been suggested as an alternative to subgingival plaque for the microbial analysis due to its easy and non-invasive collection. This systematic review aims to determine whether the levels of red-complex bacteria assessed using saliva reflect those in subgingival plaque from periodontitis patients. The MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases were searched up to April 30, 2021. Studies were considered eligible if microbial data of at least one of the red-complex species were reported in both saliva and subgingival plaque from periodontitis patients, based on DNA-based methods. Of the 17 included studies, 4 studies used 16S rRNA gene sequencing techniques, and the rest used PCR-based approaches. The detection frequency of each red-complex species in periodontitis patients was reported to be > 60% in most studies, irrespective of samples types. Meta-analyses revealed that both detection frequencies and relative abundances of red-complex bacteria in saliva were significantly lower than those in subgingival plaque. Moreover, the relative abundances of all 3 bacterial species in saliva showed significantly positive correlation with those in subgingival plaque. In conclusion, current evidence suggests that one-time saliva sampling cannot replace subgingival plaque for microbial analysis of the red-complex bacteria in periodontitis patients. Given the positive microbial associations between saliva and subgingival plaque, a thorough review of longitudinal clinical studies is needed to further assess the role of saliva.
Topics: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans; Humans; Periodontitis; Porphyromonas gingivalis; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Saliva; Treponema denticola
PubMed: 34692561
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.727732