-
Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2022Objective: To systematically review literature enabling the comparison of the efficacy of pharmaceutical treatments for tinea pedis in adults. Design: Systematic review... (Review)
Review
Objective: To systematically review literature enabling the comparison of the efficacy of pharmaceutical treatments for tinea pedis in adults. Design: Systematic review of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) with mycological cure as the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes did include the clinical assessment of resolving infection or symptoms, duration of treatment, adverse events, adherence, and recurrence. Eligibility Criteria: Study participants suffering from only tinea pedis that were treated with a pharmaceutical treatment. The study must have been conducted using an RCT study design and recording age of the participant > 16 years of age. Results: A total of seven studies met the inclusion criteria, involving 1042 participants. The likelihood of resolution in study participants treated with terbinafine was RR 3.9 (95% CI: 2.0−7.8) times those with a placebo. Similarly, the allylamine butenafine was effective by RR 5.3 (95% CI: 1.4−19.6) compared to a placebo. Butenafine was similarly efficacious to terbinafine RR 1.3 (95% CI: 0.4−4.4). Terbinafine was marginally more efficacious than itraconazole, RR 1.3 (95% CI: 1.1−1.5). Summary/Conclusion: Topical terbinafine and butenafine treatments of tinea pedis were more efficacious than placebo. Tableted terbinafine and itraconazole administered orally were efficacious in the drug treatment of tinea pedis fungal infection. We are concerned about how few studies were available that reported the baseline characteristics for each treatment arm and that did not suffer greater than 20% loss to follow-up. We would like to see improved reporting of clinical trials in academic literature. Registration name: Treatment’s for athlete’s foot—systematic review with meta-analysis [CRD42020162078].
PubMed: 35448582
DOI: 10.3390/jof8040351 -
BioMed Research International 2021Rational medicine use is an appropriate prescribing, dispensing, and patient use of medicines for the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases. It is affected by...
INTRODUCTION
Rational medicine use is an appropriate prescribing, dispensing, and patient use of medicines for the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases. It is affected by several factors. Irrational use of medicine is a widespread problem at all levels of care. This review is aimed at assessing the medicine use pattern in health facilities of Ethiopia using the medicine use pattern developed by WHO/INRUD.
METHODS
Relevant literature was searched from Google Scholar, PubMed, Hinari, Web of Science, and Scopus using inclusion and exclusion criteria. A systematic review was used to summarize the medicine use pattern in health facilities of Ethiopia, and that WHO core drug use indicators were employed.
RESULT
From 188 searched studies, 30 literatures were reviewed. The average number of drugs per encounter was 2.11. The percentage of encounters with antibiotics and injection was 57.16% and 22.39%, respectively. The percentage of drugs prescribed by generic name and from an essential drug list was 91.56% and 90.19%, respectively. On average, patients spent 5.14 minutes for consultation and 106.52 seconds for dispensing. From prescribed drugs, 67.79% were dispensed, while only 32.25% were labeled adequately. The availability of key essential medicines was 64.87%. The index of rational drug use value was 7.26. Moreover, the index of rational drug prescribing, index of rational patient-care drug use, and index of rational facility-specific drug use were 3.74, 2.51, and 1.01, respectively.
CONCLUSION
Ethiopian health facilities were faced with antibiotic overprescribing, short consultation, and dispensing times, poor labeling of medicines, poor availability of key drugs, and nonadherence to the essential drug list. Routine, multidisciplinary awareness creation, and regulation should be implemented to promote rational medicine use at a national level.
Topics: Cross-Sectional Studies; Drug Prescriptions; Drugs, Essential; Ethiopia; Humans; Medicine; Prospective Studies; Retrospective Studies; World Health Organization
PubMed: 34980999
DOI: 10.1155/2021/7041926 -
Bone Reports Dec 2021Denosumab is a monoclonal antibody that has been approved to treat osteoporosis, skeletal metastasis, and giant cell tumor of bone in skeletally mature patients. Due to... (Review)
Review
Denosumab is a monoclonal antibody that has been approved to treat osteoporosis, skeletal metastasis, and giant cell tumor of bone in skeletally mature patients. Due to its potential adverse effects on normal bone growth, its use has not yet been approved in skeletally immature patients; however, the use of this agent in such patients with overt or dysregulated bone resorptive conditions has been explored in recent years. While most studies have proven the effectiveness of denosumab in controlling the progression of various disorders in skeletally immature patients, they have also revealed that refractory hypercalcemia often follows the discontinuation of denosumab treatment, raising a concern over the use of this agent in these patients. Thus, this study was designed to better understand the pathology of this condition through a systematic review of the published literature. Our analysis suggests that this condition has a potential male predisposition, that there is a correlation between the duration of denosumab treatment and patient age, and that this condition often occurs within 3 months after the last administration of denosumab in skeletally immature patients but is significantly less likely in adults. These results may further underscore that high bone formation and bone turnover rates are critically associated with hypercalcemia after the discontinuation of denosumab. In contrast, given that not all skeletally immature patients develop hypercalcemia, it is probable that other unidentified factors are involved in the pathology of this condition.
PubMed: 34825020
DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2021.101148 -
Reviews in Medical Virology May 2022This study aimed to systematically assess COVID-19 patient background characteristics and pre-existing comorbidities associated with hospitalisation status. The... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
This study aimed to systematically assess COVID-19 patient background characteristics and pre-existing comorbidities associated with hospitalisation status. The meta-analysis included cross-sectional, cohort, and case-series studies with information on hospitalisation versus outpatient status for COVID-19 patients, with background characteristics and pre-existing comorbidities. A total of 1,002,006 patients from 40 studies were identified. Significantly higher odds of hospitalisation were observed in Black individuals (OR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.04-1.70), males (OR = 1.59, 95% CI: 1.43-1.76), and persons with current/past smoking (OR = 1.59, 95% CI: 1.34-1.88). Additionally, individuals with pre-existing comorbidities were more likely to be hospitalised [asthma (OR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.02-1.45), COPD (OR = 3.68, 95% CI: 2.97-4.55), congestive heart failure (OR = 6.80, 95% CI: 4.97-9.31), coronary heart disease (OR = 4.40, 95% CI: 3.15-6.16), diabetes (OR = 3.90, 95% CI: 3.29-4.63), hypertension (OR = 3.89, 95% CI: 3.34-4.54), obesity (OR = 1.98, 95% CI: 1.59-2.46) and renal chronic disease (OR = 5.84, 95% CI: 4.51-7.56)]. High heterogeneity and low publication bias among all factors were found. Age was not included due to the large variability in the estimates reported. In this systematic review/meta-analysis for patients with COVID-19, Black patients, males, persons who smoke, and those with pre-existing comorbidities were more likely to be hospitalised than their counterparts. Findings provide evidence of populations with higher odds of hospitalisation for COVID-19.
Topics: COVID-19; Comorbidity; Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Hypertension; Male; Outpatients
PubMed: 34674338
DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2306 -
Journal of the American Board of Family... 2021Substance use disorders (SUDs) are complex interactions between various genetic, environmental, developmental, and social factors. Yoga is recommended as a nonmainstream...
INTRODUCTION
Substance use disorders (SUDs) are complex interactions between various genetic, environmental, developmental, and social factors. Yoga is recommended as a nonmainstream treatment for many health conditions, including SUDs.
METHODS
Five databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated yoga as an intervention in adults with any type of substance use disorder. The interventions being studied included Hatha yoga, Sudarshan Kriya yoga, breathing yoga exercises, and meditation. Studies, where yoga was combined with other interventions were excluded. The effect of yoga as an intervention was analyzed using primary outcomes such as anxiety, pain, and craving. Eight RCTs met the eligibility criteria, and quality analysis was conducted using the Cochrane criteria.
RESULTS
Among the 8 final studies eligible for quality analysis, 2 had undefined substance use, while the others were focused on tobacco, alcohol, or opioids. Seven out of 8 studies showed significant results and improved primary outcomes such as anxiety, pain, or substance use. Seven out of the 8 studies showed significant positive outcomes using yoga in conjunction with other pharmacological treatment modalities like opioid substitution therapy.
CONCLUSIONS
Six out of 8 studies showed low concerns, while 2 studies showed some concerns about the risk of bias judgment. Although the results look encouraging, RCTs with larger sample size are needed to better evaluate the effectiveness of yoga as a treatment modality for substance use.
Topics: Adult; Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders; Humans; Meditation; Substance-Related Disorders; Yoga
PubMed: 34535521
DOI: 10.3122/jabfm.2021.05.210175 -
Frontiers in Pharmacology 2021Accessibility of medicines for children is a matter of global concern. Medicines prescribed for children are often off-label. To formulate appropriate policies and...
Accessibility of medicines for children is a matter of global concern. Medicines prescribed for children are often off-label. To formulate appropriate policies and undertake necessary interventions to improve access to medicines for children, it is necessary to evaluate the accessibility of medicines for children. However, there is no systematic review of the medicine accessibility for children. Relevant studies were identified through searching Pubmed, Embase, CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, World Health Organization website, and Health Action International website. Besides, the references of included studies as a supplementary search were read. We extracted the basic information of articles (the first author, published year, the name of journal, research institution, etc.), the basic study characteristics (survey area, survey time, survey method, survey medicine lists, the number of medicine outlets surveyed, etc.), and the study results (the current situation of the accessibility of medicines for children, including the availability, price, and affordability of medicines for children, etc.). Two reviewers independently selected studies and extracted the data. Descriptive analysis methods to analyze the current situation of the accessibility of children's medicines were used. A total of 18 multicenter cross-sectional studies were included in this systematic review, which were from low-income and middle-income countries. Seventeen studies (17/18, 94.4%) used the WHO/Health Action International (HAI) medicine price methodology to investigate the accessibility of medicines for children. Fifteen studies (15/18, 83.3%) were selected to investigate medicines based on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children (WHO EMLc). In the public sectors, the availability of originator brands (OBs) ranged from 0 to 52.0%, with a median of 24.2%, and the availability of lowest-priced generics (LPGs) ranged from 17.0 to 72.6%, with a median of 38.1%. In the private sectors, the availability of OBs ranged from 8.9 to 80%, with a median of 21.2%. The availability of LPGs ranged from 20.6 to 72.2%, with a median of 35.9%. In most regions, the availability of OBs in the private sectors was higher than in the public sectors. Collectively, in the price of medicines for children, the median price ratio (MPR) of the OBs in the public sectors and private sectors were much higher than that of the LPGs. And the affordability of the LPGs in the public sectors and private sectors was higher than that of originator brands (OBs). The availability of medicines for children is low in both the public sectors and private sectors in low-income and middle-income countries. The MPR of originator brands (OBs) is higher than that of lowest-priced generics (LPGs), and the most lowest-priced generics (LPGs) have better affordability.
PubMed: 34421594
DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.691606 -
International Journal of Molecular... Aug 2021marijuana, the common name for cannabis sativa preparations, is one of the most consumed drug all over the world, both at therapeutical and recreational levels. With the...
BACKGROUND
marijuana, the common name for cannabis sativa preparations, is one of the most consumed drug all over the world, both at therapeutical and recreational levels. With the legalization of medical uses of cannabis in many countries, and even its recreational use in most of these, the prevalence of marijuana use has markedly risen over the last decade. At the same time, there is also a higher prevalence in the health concerns related to cannabis use and abuse. Thus, it is mandatory for oral healthcare operators to know and deal with the consequences and effects of cannabis use on oral cavity health. This review will briefly summarize the components of cannabis and the endocannabinoid system, as well as the cellular and molecular mechanisms of biological cannabis action in human cells and biologic activities on tissues. We will also look into oropharyngeal tissue expression of cannabinoid receptors, together with a putative association of cannabis to several oral diseases. Therefore, this review will elaborate the basic biology and physiology of cannabinoids in human oral tissues with the aim of providing a better comprehension of the effects of its use and abuse on oral health, in order to include cannabinoid usage into dental patient health records as well as good medicinal practice.
METHODS
the paper selection was performed by PubMed/Medline and EMBASE electronic databases, and reported according to the PRISMA guidelines. The scientific products were included for qualitative analysis.
RESULTS
the paper search screened a total of 276 papers. After the initial screening and the eligibility assessment, a total of 32 articles were considered for the qualitative analysis.
CONCLUSIONS
today, cannabis consumption has been correlated to a higher risk of gingival and periodontal disease, oral infection and cancer of the oral cavity, while the physico-chemical activity has not been completely clarified. Further investigations are necessary to evaluate a therapeutic efficacy of this class of drugs for the promising treatment of several different diseases of the salivary glands and oral diseases.
Topics: Cannabinoids; Humans; Mouth Diseases; Oral Health; Substance-Related Disorders
PubMed: 34361095
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158329 -
Drug, Healthcare and Patient Safety 2021Rational use of medicines plays a vital role in avoiding preventable adverse drug effects, maximizing therapeutic outcomes with promoting patient adherence, and... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Rational use of medicines plays a vital role in avoiding preventable adverse drug effects, maximizing therapeutic outcomes with promoting patient adherence, and minimizing the cost of drug therapy. Irrational use of drugs is often observed in countries with weak health care systems. No review has been done that systematically expresses rational drug use practice based on the three WHO core drug use indicators in Ethiopia. Thus, this study was aimed to review systematically the prescribing, health-facility, and patient-care indicators based on WHO core drug use indicators in Ethiopia.
METHODS
A systematic article search was conducted in different electronic databases including PubMed/ MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Web of Science, POPLINE, the Global Health, and Google scholar. Quality assessment was conducted using Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment scale. Studies were synthesized and grouped in to prescribing, patient care and health facility indicators.
RESULTS
From a total of 6239 articles, 21 studies were found suitable for the review. The highest average number of drugs per encounter was 2.5 while the lowest was 0.98. The percentage of generic drug use was ranged from 70.5% to 100%. The highest percentage of encounters with an antibiotic was 85%. The lowest percentage of drugs prescribed from essential drugs list was 81.4%. The highest percentage of drugs actually dispensed and adequately labeled was 96.16% and 96.25%, respectively.
CONCLUSION
This study showed that the practice of rational drug use varied across region of the country. The average number of drugs per prescription, percentage of drugs encounter with antibiotics, drugs prescribed by their generic name, average consultation time, average dispensing time, percentage of drugs adequately labeled, and availability of essential drugs showed deviation from the standard recommended by WHO. Thus, provision of regular training for prescribers and pharmacists, and ensuring the availability of essential drugs should be encouraged.
PubMed: 34349565
DOI: 10.2147/DHPS.S311926 -
Indian Journal of Pharmacology 2021Registration of study protocols brings about transparency and traceability and the amount of publication bias can be estimated. In this study, we have collected and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
INTRODUCTION
Registration of study protocols brings about transparency and traceability and the amount of publication bias can be estimated. In this study, we have collected and presented data regarding clinical study registries, preclinical, in vitro and in silico study registries across the globe.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We searched via Google Search Engine with appropriate keywords e.g. name of country (n = 198), name of continent (n = 7), registry, study registry, animal, in silico, virtual, simulation, preclinical, animal, clinical trial. The overall pooled prevalence of clinical study registries and WHO primary registries in per continent was calculated using Medcalc software.
RESULTS
The overall pooled prevalence of clinical study registries were 13% in each continent. The prevalence of WHO primary study registries were 8.9% of the countries per continent. Overall, there are 17 primary registries associated with WHO ICTRP as primary registries, 2 partner registries and 6 registries are affiliated to ICMJE. However, the amount of preclinical animal study registry was quite less (n = 4). Regarding in vitro studies, only country specific in vitro fertilization registries were available, however, in other research domains, registries were absent. Only one simulation study registry was available.
CONCLUSION
At priori study registration is essential to deal with selective reporting. Comparison between study protocol and final report allows us to know the protocol deviations and allows us to evaluate risk of bias and internal validity of the research findings. Although trialists are responsible for the completeness of records, yet the registries must have some measures for their periodic update and quality control of the data.
Topics: Animals; Clinical Protocols; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Humans; Registries; World Health Organization
PubMed: 34100401
DOI: 10.4103/ijp.ijp_1090_20 -
Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and... Jan 2021Periprosthetic fractures of the distal femur above a total knee arthroplasty (TKA) have traditionally been managed by locking compression plating (LCP). This technique... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Meta-Analysis
Locked compression plating versus retrograde intramedullary nailing in the treatment of periprosthetic supracondylar knee fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
BACKGROUND
Periprosthetic fractures of the distal femur above a total knee arthroplasty (TKA) have traditionally been managed by locking compression plating (LCP). This technique is technically demanding and is associated with high rates of non-union and revision. More recently, retrograde intramedullary nailing (RIMN) has been proposed as an acceptable alternative. This meta-analysis aims to evaluate clinical outcomes in patients with periprosthetic supracondylar femoral fractures who were treated with LCP and RIMN.
METHODS
An up-to-date literature search was carried out using the pre-defined search strategy. All studies that met the inclusion criteria were assessed for methodological quality with the Cochrane's collaboration tool. Operative time, functional score, time-to-union, non-union rates and revision rates were all considered.
CONCLUSION
Ten studies with a total of 531 periprosthetic fractures were included. This meta-analysis has suggested that there is no significant difference in any of the outcome measures assessed. Further, more extensive literature is required on the subject to draw more robust conclusions.
Topics: Aged; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee; Bone Nails; Bone Plates; Female; Femoral Fractures; Fracture Fixation, Internal; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary; Humans; Male; Periprosthetic Fractures; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 33482862
DOI: 10.1186/s13018-021-02222-x