-
Actas Dermo-sifiliograficas May 2017Actinic keratosis is a precursor lesion to the most common nonmelanoma skin cancer. Conventional photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been shown to be effective, but the... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Actinic keratosis is a precursor lesion to the most common nonmelanoma skin cancer. Conventional photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been shown to be effective, but the procedure is time-consuming, can be very painful, and requires infrastructure. These shortcomings led to the emergence of daylight PDT. To obtain a global estimate of efficacy, we undertook a systematic literature review and performed a meta-analysis of the available evidence on the efficacy and safety of daylight PDT as compared to conventional PDT in the treatment of actinic keratosis and/or field cancerization. The conclusion is that the difference in efficacy is clinically negligible (global estimate of the mean response rate difference, -3.69%; 95% CI, -6.54% to -0.84%). The adverse effects of daylight PDT are mild and localized (79% of patients report no discomfort), and patients report less pain (P<.001). Daylight PDT gives good to excellent cosmetic results in more than 90% of patients, and patient satisfaction is greater (P<.001).
Topics: Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic; Esthetics; Humans; Keratosis, Actinic; Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced; Oxidation-Reduction; Pain; Patient Satisfaction; Photochemistry; Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Sunlight; Ultraviolet Rays
PubMed: 28063524
DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2016.09.020 -
Respiratory Research Nov 2016Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive condition characterized by airflow limitation associated with an abnormal inflammatory response of the... (Review)
Review
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive condition characterized by airflow limitation associated with an abnormal inflammatory response of the lungs to noxious particles and gases, caused primarily by cigarette smoking. Increased oxidative burden plays an important role in the pathogenesis of COPD. There is a delicate balance between the toxicity of oxidants and the protective function of the intracellular and extracellular antioxidant defense systems, which is critically important for the maintenance of normal pulmonary functions. Several biomarkers of oxidative stress are available and have been evaluated in COPD. In this review, we summarize the main literature findings about circulating oxidative stress biomarkers, grouped according to their method of detection, measured in COPD subjects.
Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Cell-Free Nucleic Acids; DNA; DNA Damage; Humans; Lipid Peroxidation; Lipid Peroxides; Oxidative Stress; Predictive Value of Tests; Prognosis; Protein Carbonylation; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Reactive Oxygen Species; Risk Factors; Smoking
PubMed: 27842552
DOI: 10.1186/s12931-016-0471-z -
Oxidative Medicine and Cellular... 2016Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) experience imbalance between oxygen reactive species (ROS) production and antioxidant defenses leading to cell and tissue... (Review)
Review
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) experience imbalance between oxygen reactive species (ROS) production and antioxidant defenses leading to cell and tissue damage. However, it remains unclear at which stage of renal insufficiency the redox imbalance becomes more profound. The aim of this systematic review was to provide an update on recent advances in our understanding of how the redox status changes in the progression of renal disease from predialysis stages 1 to 4 to end stage 5 and whether the various treatments and dialysis modalities influence the redox balance. A systematic review was conducted searching PubMed and Scopus by using the Cochrane and PRISMA guidelines. In total, thirty-nine studies met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed. Even from an early stage, imbalance in redox status is evident and as the kidney function worsens it becomes more profound. Hemodialysis therapy per se seems to negatively influence the redox status by the elevation of lipid peroxidation markers, protein carbonylation, and impairing erythrocyte antioxidant defense. However, other dialysis modalities do not so far appear to confer advantages. Supplementation with antioxidants might assist and should be considered as an early intervention to halt premature atherogenesis development at an early stage of CKD.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Humans; Kidney; Lipid Peroxidation; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidative Stress; Prognosis; Protein Carbonylation; Reactive Oxygen Species; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic
PubMed: 27563376
DOI: 10.1155/2016/8598253 -
Antioxidants & Redox Signaling Apr 20168-Hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) is generated after the repair of ROS-mediated DNA damages and, thus, is one of the most widely recognized biomarkers of oxidative... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
SIGNIFICANCE
8-Hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) is generated after the repair of ROS-mediated DNA damages and, thus, is one of the most widely recognized biomarkers of oxidative damage of DNA because guanosine is the most oxidized among the DNA nucleobases. In several pathological conditions, high urinary levels of oxidized DNA-derived metabolites have been reported (e.g., cancer, atherosclerosis, hypertension, and diabetes).
RECENT ADVANCES
Even if published studies have shown that DNA damage is significantly associated with the development of atherosclerosis, the exact role of this damage in the onset and progression of this pathology is not fully understood, and the association of oxidative damage to DNA with cardiovascular disease (CVD) still needs to be more extensively investigated. We performed a meta-analysis of the literature to investigate the association among 8-OHdG levels and CVD.
CRITICAL ISSUES
Fourteen studies (810 CVD patients and 1106 controls) were included in the analysis. We found that CVD patients showed higher 8-OHdG levels than controls (SMD: 1.04, 95%CI: 0.61, 1.47, p < 0.001, I(2) = 94%, p < 0.001). The difference was confirmed both in studies in which 8-OHdG levels were assessed in urine (MD: 4.43, 95%CI: 1.71, 7.15, p = 0.001) and in blood samples (MD: 1.42, 95%CI: 0.64, 2.21, p = 0.0004). Meta-regression models showed that age, hypertension, and male gender significantly impacted on the difference in 8-OHdG levels among CVD patients and controls.
FUTURE DIRECTIONS
8-OHdG levels are higher in patients with CVD than in controls. However, larger prospective studies are needed to test 8-OHdG as a predictor of CVD.
Topics: 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Case-Control Studies; Deoxyguanosine; Humans; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidative Stress; Prognosis; Publication Bias; Regression Analysis
PubMed: 26650622
DOI: 10.1089/ars.2015.6508 -
Colombia Medica (Cali, Colombia) Sep 2015Our objective was to systematically review the published observational research related to the role of oxidative-nitrosative stress in pathogenesis of dengue. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
Our objective was to systematically review the published observational research related to the role of oxidative-nitrosative stress in pathogenesis of dengue.
METHODS
We searched electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, The COCHRANE library, ScienceDirect, Scopus, SciELO, LILACS via Virtual Health Library, Google Scholar) using the term: dengue, dengue virus, severe dengue, oxidative stress, nitrosative stress, antioxidants, oxidants, free radicals, oxidized lipid products, lipid peroxides, nitric oxide, and nitric oxide synthase. Articles were selected for review by title and abstract excluding letter, review, in vivo and in vitro studies, and duplicates studies. Selected articles were reviewed for study design, original purposes, sample size, main outcomes, methods, and oxidative-nitrosative stress markers values.
RESULTS
In total, 4,331 non-duplicates articles were identified from electronic databases searches, of which 16 were eligible for full text searching. Data from the observational studies originate from Asian countries (50%; 8/16), South American countries (31.2%; 5/16), and Central America and the Caribbean countries (18.8%; 3/16). Case-control study was the type of design most common in researches reviewed. The 1997 World Health Organization (WHO) dengue case classification criteria were used in all studies included in this review.
CONCLUSIONS
Based on published data found in peer-reviewed literature, oxidative and nitrosative stress are demonstrated by changes in plasma levels of nitric oxide, antioxidants, lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation markers in patients with dengue infection. Additionally, elevated serum protein carbonyls and malondialdehyde levels appear to be associated with dengue disease severity.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Dengue; Humans; Lipid Peroxidation; Nitric Oxide; Oxidative Stress; Proteins; Severity of Illness Index
PubMed: 26600629
DOI: No ID Found -
Oxidative Medicine and Cellular... 2015Because the function and mechanisms of sleep are partially clear, here we applied a meta-analysis to address the issue whether sleep function includes antioxidative... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Because the function and mechanisms of sleep are partially clear, here we applied a meta-analysis to address the issue whether sleep function includes antioxidative properties in mice and rats. Given the expansion of the knowledge in the sleep field, it is indeed ambitious to describe all mammals, or other animals, in which sleep shows an antioxidant function. However, in this paper we reviewed the current understanding from basic studies in two species to drive the hypothesis that sleep is a dynamic-resting state with antioxidative properties. We performed a systematic review of articles cited in Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science until March 2015 using the following search terms: Sleep or sleep deprivation and oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, glutathione, nitric oxide, catalase or superoxide dismutase. We found a total of 266 studies. After inclusion and exclusion criteria, 44 articles were included, which are presented and discussed in this study. The complex relationship between sleep duration and oxidative stress is discussed. Further studies should consider molecular and genetic approaches to determine whether disrupted sleep promotes oxidative stress.
Topics: Animals; Databases, Factual; Glutathione; Lipid Peroxidation; Models, Animal; Nitric Oxide; Oxidative Stress; Oxidoreductases; Reactive Oxygen Species; Sleep Deprivation
PubMed: 25945148
DOI: 10.1155/2015/234952 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2014Chronic diseases such as cancer, diabetes, neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases are characterized by an enhanced state of oxidative stress, which may result... (Review)
Review
Chronic diseases such as cancer, diabetes, neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases are characterized by an enhanced state of oxidative stress, which may result from the overproduction of reactive species and/or a decrease in antioxidant defenses. The search for new chemical entities with antioxidant profile is still thus an emerging field on ongoing interest. Due to the lack of reviews concerning the antioxidant activity of lichen-derived natural compounds, we performed a review of the antioxidant potential and mechanisms of action of natural compounds isolated from lichens. The search terms "lichens", "antioxidants" and "antioxidant response elements" were used to retrieve articles in LILACS, PubMed and Web of Science published until February 2014. From a total of 319 articles surveyed, 32 met the established inclusion and exclusion criteria. It was observed that the most common isolated compound studied was usnic acid, cited in 14 out of the 32 articles. The most often described antioxidant assays for the study of in vitro antioxidant activity were mainly DPPH, LPO and SOD. The most suggested mechanisms of action were scavenging of reactive species, enzymatic activation and inhibition of iNOS. Thus, compounds isolated from lichens are possible candidates for the management of oxidative stress, and may be useful in the treatment of chronic diseases.
Topics: Antioxidant Response Elements; Antioxidants; Benzofurans; Biphenyl Compounds; Free Radical Scavengers; Humans; Lichens; Neoplasms; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidative Stress; Picrates
PubMed: 25221871
DOI: 10.3390/molecules190914496 -
Exercise Immunology Review 2014An increasing number of studies have examined how the immune system of patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS), or myalgic encephalomyelitis, responds to exercise.... (Review)
Review
An increasing number of studies have examined how the immune system of patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS), or myalgic encephalomyelitis, responds to exercise. The objective of the present study was to systematically review the scientific literature addressing exercise-induced immunological changes in CFS patients compared to healthy control subjects. A systematic literature search was conducted in the PubMed and Web of science databases using different keyword combinations. We included 23 case control studies that examined whether CFS patients, compared to healthy sedentary controls, have a different immune response to exercise. The included articles were evaluated on their methodological quality. Compared to the normal response of the immune system to exercise as seen in healthy subjects, patients with CFS have a more pronounced response in the complement system (i.e. C4a split product levels), oxidative stress system (i.e. enhanced oxidative stress combined with a delayed and reduced anti-oxidant response), and an alteration in the immune cells' gene expression profile (increases in post-exercise interleukin-10 and toll-like receptor 4 gene expression), but not in circulating pro- or anti-inflammatory cytokines. Many of these immune changes relate to post-exertional malaise in CFS, a major characteristic of the illness. The literature review provides level B evidence for an altered immune response to exercise in patients with CFS.
Topics: Adult; Bias; Case-Control Studies; Complement System Proteins; Cytokines; Evidence-Based Medicine; Exercise; Exercise Test; Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic; Female; Forecasting; Gene Expression Profiling; Humans; Interleukin-10; Leukocytes; Lipid Peroxidation; Male; Oxidative Stress; Research Design; Sex Factors; Toll-Like Receptor 4
PubMed: 24974723
DOI: No ID Found -
BioMed Research International 2014Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This paper aims to examine whether biomarkers of oxidative stress and... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This paper aims to examine whether biomarkers of oxidative stress and antioxidants could be useful biomarkers in AD, which might form the bases of future clinical studies.
METHODS
PubMed, SCOPUS, and Web of Science were systematically queried to obtain studies with available data regarding markers of oxidative stress and antioxidants from subjects with AD.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION
Although most studies show elevated serum markers of lipid peroxidation in AD, there is no sufficient evidence to justify the routine use of biomarkers as predictors of severity or outcome in AD.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Animals; Antioxidants; Biomarkers; Humans; Lipid Peroxidation; Oxidative Stress; PubMed
PubMed: 24949424
DOI: 10.1155/2014/182303 -
Molecular Psychiatry Mar 2012A comprehensive literature search was performed to collate evidence of mitochondrial dysfunction in autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) with two primary objectives. First,... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
A comprehensive literature search was performed to collate evidence of mitochondrial dysfunction in autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) with two primary objectives. First, features of mitochondrial dysfunction in the general population of children with ASD were identified. Second, characteristics of mitochondrial dysfunction in children with ASD and concomitant mitochondrial disease (MD) were compared with published literature of two general populations: ASD children without MD, and non-ASD children with MD. The prevalence of MD in the general population of ASD was 5.0% (95% confidence interval 3.2, 6.9%), much higher than found in the general population (≈ 0.01%). The prevalence of abnormal biomarker values of mitochondrial dysfunction was high in ASD, much higher than the prevalence of MD. Variances and mean values of many mitochondrial biomarkers (lactate, pyruvate, carnitine and ubiquinone) were significantly different between ASD and controls. Some markers correlated with ASD severity. Neuroimaging, in vitro and post-mortem brain studies were consistent with an elevated prevalence of mitochondrial dysfunction in ASD. Taken together, these findings suggest children with ASD have a spectrum of mitochondrial dysfunction of differing severity. Eighteen publications representing a total of 112 children with ASD and MD (ASD/MD) were identified. The prevalence of developmental regression (52%), seizures (41%), motor delay (51%), gastrointestinal abnormalities (74%), female gender (39%), and elevated lactate (78%) and pyruvate (45%) was significantly higher in ASD/MD compared with the general ASD population. The prevalence of many of these abnormalities was similar to the general population of children with MD, suggesting that ASD/MD represents a distinct subgroup of children with MD. Most ASD/MD cases (79%) were not associated with genetic abnormalities, raising the possibility of secondary mitochondrial dysfunction. Treatment studies for ASD/MD were limited, although improvements were noted in some studies with carnitine, co-enzyme Q10 and B-vitamins. Many studies suffered from limitations, including small sample sizes, referral or publication biases, and variability in protocols for selecting children for MD workup, collecting mitochondrial biomarkers and defining MD. Overall, this evidence supports the notion that mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with ASD. Additional studies are needed to further define the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in ASD.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Adolescent; Animals; Biomarkers; Brain; Child; Child Development Disorders, Pervasive; Comorbidity; Developmental Disabilities; Disease Models, Animal; Electron Transport; Energy Metabolism; Female; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Humans; Lactates; Male; Mitochondria; Mitochondrial Diseases; Neuroimaging; Prevalence; Pyruvic Acid; Seizures; Sex Distribution; Young Adult
PubMed: 21263444
DOI: 10.1038/mp.2010.136