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Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) May 2024Acting as a growth regulator, Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is an important phytohormone that can be produced by several species. However, few studies have been published...
Acting as a growth regulator, Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is an important phytohormone that can be produced by several species. However, few studies have been published on the comprehensive evaluation of the strains for practical applications and the effects of selenium species on their IAA-producing ability. The present study showed the selenite reduction strain LH18, which is capable of producing selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) at a high yield in a cost-effective manner. Bio-SeNPs were systematically characterized by using DLS, zeta potential, SEM, and FTIR. The results showed that these bio-SeNPs were small in particle size, homogeneously dispersed, and highly stable. Significantly, the IAA-producing ability of strain was differently affected under different selenium species. The addition of SeNPs and sodium selenite resulted in IAA contents of 221.7 µg/mL and 91.01 µg/mL, respectively, which were 3.23 and 1.33 times higher than that of the control. This study is the first to examine the influence of various selenium species on the IAA-producing capacity of spp., providing a theoretical foundation for the enhancement of the IAA-production potential of microorganisms.
Topics: Indoleacetic Acids; Bacillus; Selenium; Nanoparticles; Particle Size
PubMed: 38893338
DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112463 -
Journal of Clinical Medicine May 2024Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) represents a challenge following hip or knee arthroplasty, demanding immediate intervention to prevent implant failure and systemic...
Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) represents a challenge following hip or knee arthroplasty, demanding immediate intervention to prevent implant failure and systemic issues. Bacterial biofilm development on orthopedic devices worsens PJI severity, resulting in recurrent hospitalizations and significant economic burdens. The objective of this retrospective cohort study is to evaluate the efficacy of this novel antiseptic solution, never previously evaluated in vivo, in managing early post-operative or acute hematogenous PJI following primary hip and knee joint replacements. The inclusion criteria consist of patients with total hip arthroplasty (THA) or knee arthroplasty diagnosed with acute PJI through preoperative and intraoperative investigations, in accordance with the MSIS ICM 2018 criteria. The minimum required follow-up was 12 months from the cessation of antibiotic therapy. This novel antiseptic lavage solution is composed of ethanol, acetic acid, sodium acetate, benzalkonium chloride and water. Data included demographic characteristics, diagnostic criteria, surgical techniques, post-operative treatment and follow-up outcomes. A total of 39 patients treated with Debridement, Antibiotics Pearls and Retention of the Implant (DAPRI) procedures using this solution between May 2021 and April 2023 were analyzed. At a mean follow-up of 24.6 ± 6.4 months, infection recurrence-free survival rates were 87.2%, with no local allergic reactions or relevant systemic adverse effects detected. Persistent PJI necessitated two-stage revision surgery. This novel antiseptic lavage solution shows promise as an adjunctive tool in the treatment of PJI, demonstrating support in infection control while maintaining a favorable safety profile.
PubMed: 38892803
DOI: 10.3390/jcm13113092 -
Nutrients May 2024Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) have been reported to be associated with the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), but the results are conflicting. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
CONTEXT
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) have been reported to be associated with the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), but the results are conflicting.
OBJECTIVE
Here, a systematic review of case-control studies detecting fecal SCFAs in IBS patients compared with healthy controls (HCs) and self-controlled studies or randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating fecal SCFA alterations after interventions were identified from several databases.
DATA SOURCES
A systematic search of databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase) identified 21 studies published before 24 February 2023. Data extractions: Three independent reviewers completed the relevant data extraction.
DATA ANALYSIS
It was found that the fecal propionate concentration in IBS patients was significantly higher than that in HCs, while the acetate proportion was significantly lower. Low-FODMAP diets significantly reduced the fecal propionate concentration in the IBS patients while fecal microbiota transplantation and probiotic administration did not significantly change the fecal propionate concentration or acetate proportion.
CONCLUSIONS
The results suggested that the fecal propionate concentration and acetate proportion could be used as biomarkers for IBS diagnosis. A low-FODMAP diet intervention could potentially serve as a treatment for IBS while FMT and probiotic administration need more robust trials.
Topics: Irritable Bowel Syndrome; Humans; Feces; Fatty Acids, Volatile; Fecal Microbiota Transplantation; Probiotics; Propionates; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Acetates; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Biomarkers; Male; Adult; Case-Control Studies
PubMed: 38892659
DOI: 10.3390/nu16111727 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jun 2024is a medicinal plant that has important pharmacological value, and the bulbils serve as the primary reproductive organ; however, the mechanisms underlying bulbil...
is a medicinal plant that has important pharmacological value, and the bulbils serve as the primary reproductive organ; however, the mechanisms underlying bulbil initiation remain unclear. Here, we characterized bulbil development via histological, transcriptomic, and targeted metabolomic analyses to unearth the intricate relationship between hormones, genes, and bulbil development. The results show that the bulbils initiate growth from the leaf axillary meristem (AM). In this stage, jasmonic acid (JA), abscisic acid (ABA), isopentenyl adenosine (IPA), and salicylic acid (SA) were highly enriched, while indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), zeatin, methyl jasmonate (MeJA), and 5-dexoxystrigol (5-DS) were notably decreased. Through OPLS-DA analysis, SA has emerged as the most crucial factor in initiating and positively regulating bulbil formation. Furthermore, a strong association between IPA and SA was observed during bulbil initiation. The transcriptional changes in (), (), (), (), (), (), (), (), (S), (), x (), (), (), (O), (), (), (), (), (), (), (), (), (), (), (), (M), (), and S () were highly correlated with hormone concentrations, indicating that bulbil initiation is coordinately controlled by multiple phytohormones. Notably, eight TFs (transcription factors) that regulate AM initiation have been identified as pivotal regulators of bulbil formation. Among these, (), (), (), and (R) have been observed to exhibit elevated expression levels. Conversely, demonstrated contrasting expression patterns. The intricate expression profiles of these TFs are closely associated with the upregulated expression of (), suggesting a intricate regulatory network underlying the complex process of bulbil initiation. This study offers a profound understanding of the bulbil initiation process and could potentially aid in refining molecular breeding techniques specific to .
Topics: Plant Growth Regulators; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Pinellia; Transcriptome; Gene Expression Profiling; Cyclopentanes; Oxylipins; Plant Proteins; Acetates; Plant Leaves; Plant Roots
PubMed: 38892337
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116149 -
International Journal of Molecular... May 2024The rhizobacterial strain BJ3 showed 16S rDNA sequence similarity to species within the genus. Its complete genome sequence revealed a 97% match with and uncovered...
The rhizobacterial strain BJ3 showed 16S rDNA sequence similarity to species within the genus. Its complete genome sequence revealed a 97% match with and uncovered gene clusters essential for plant-growth-promoting traits (PGPTs). These clusters include genes responsible for producing indole acetic acid (IAA), osmolytes, non-ribosomal peptides (NRPS), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), siderophores, lipopolysaccharides, hydrolytic enzymes, and spermidine. Additionally, the genome contains genes for nitrogen fixation and phosphate solubilization, as well as a gene encoding 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase. The treatment with BJ3 enhanced root architecture, boosted vegetative growth, and accelerated early flowering in . Treated seedlings also showed increased lignin production and antioxidant capabilities, as well as notably increased tolerance to water deficit and high salinity. An RNA-seq transcriptome analysis indicated that BJ3 treatment significantly activated genes related to immunity induction, hormone signaling, and vegetative growth. It specifically activated genes involved in the production of auxin, ethylene, and salicylic acid (SA), as well as genes involved in the synthesis of defense compounds like glucosinolates, camalexin, and terpenoids. The expression of AP2/ERF transcription factors was markedly increased. These findings highlight BJ3's potential to produce various bioactive metabolites and its ability to activate auxin, ethylene, and SA signaling in , positioning it as a new strain that could significantly improve plant growth, stress resilience, and immune function.
Topics: Burkholderia; Arabidopsis; Stress, Physiological; Plant Development; Indoleacetic Acids; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Genomics; Plant Growth Regulators; Plant Roots; Ethylenes
PubMed: 38892282
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116091 -
International Journal of Molecular... May 2024The aim of this work was to develop and characterize a thin films composed of hyaluronic acid/ellagic acid for potential medical application. Its principal novelty,...
The aim of this work was to develop and characterize a thin films composed of hyaluronic acid/ellagic acid for potential medical application. Its principal novelty, distinct from the prior literature in terms of hyaluronic acid films supplemented with phenolic acids, resides in the predominant incorporation of ellagic acid-a distinguished compound-as the primary constituent of the films. Herein, ellagic acid was dissolved in two different solvents, i.e., acetic acid (AcOH) or sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and the surface properties of the resultant films were assessed using atomic force microscopy and contact angle measurements. Additionally, various physicochemical parameters were evaluated including moisture content, antioxidant activity, and release of ellagic acid in phosphate buffered saline. Furthermore, the evaluation of films' biocompatibility was conducted using human epidermal keratinocytes, dermal fibroblasts, and human amelanotic melanoma cells (A375 and G361), and the antimicrobial activity was elucidated accordingly against ATCC 6538 and ATCC 15442. Our results showed that the films exhibited prominent antibacterial properties particularly against , with the 80HA/20EA/AcOH film indicating the strong biocidal activity against this strain leading to a significant reduction in viable cells. Comparatively, the 50HA/50EA/AcOH film also displayed biocidal activity against . This experimental approach could be a promising technique for future applications in regenerative dermatology or novel strategies in terms of bioengineering.
Topics: Hyaluronic Acid; Humans; Staphylococcus aureus; Biocompatible Materials; Ellagic Acid; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antioxidants; Fibroblasts; Keratinocytes; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Cell Line, Tumor; Surface Properties
PubMed: 38892078
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115891 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Jun 2024Noxious chemicals, coupled with morphine treatment, are often used in studies on pain in vertebrates. Here we show that injection of morphine caused several behavioural...
Noxious chemicals, coupled with morphine treatment, are often used in studies on pain in vertebrates. Here we show that injection of morphine caused several behavioural changes in the crab, , including reduced pressing against the sides of the enclosure and more rubbing and picking at the mouth parts and, at least for a short time, more defensive displays. Subsequent injection of acetic acid into one rear leg caused rubbing of the injected leg and the injected leg was held vertically off the ground. These activities directed at or involving the specific leg are consistent with previous observations of directed behaviour following noxious stimuli and are consistent with the idea that decapods experience pain. Further, acetic acid but not injection of water induced autotomy of the injected leg in these animals. Because autotomy is temporally associated with directed behaviour, it is possible that the autotomy is a pain-related response. Acetic acid is clearly a noxious substance when applied to decapods. However, morphine had no effect on the activities associated with acetic acid injection and thus there is no evidence for an analgesic effect. Further, the injection of acetic acid did not interfere with behavioural effects of morphine. The activities directed towards the site of injection are like those observed with injection, or with external application, of various noxious substances and the present study adds to a growing body of knowledge about possible pain in decapods.
PubMed: 38891753
DOI: 10.3390/ani14111705 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Jun 2024This study aimed to compare the effects of hydrolyzed copra meal (HCM) inclusion at 1% on its in vitro digestibility and the microbiota and cecum fermentation using the...
This study aimed to compare the effects of hydrolyzed copra meal (HCM) inclusion at 1% on its in vitro digestibility and the microbiota and cecum fermentation using the gut microbiota of weaned swine, targeting microbial community and short-chain fatty acids (SCF). For this reason, three treatments were considered: control (no copra meal), 1% non-hydrolyzed copra meal (CM), and 1% HCM. Non-defatted copra meal was hydrolyzed and analyzed (reducing sugars and total carbohydrates) in our laboratory. For digestion, microbiota identification, and fermentation assays, fresh fecal samples from two weaned pigs (1 month old) were used. Three replicates of each treatment were employed. HCM was more digestible, with approximately 0.68 g of hydrolysate recovered after simulated digestion compared to 0.82 g of hydrolysate recovered from CM. This was shown by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images. Also, the three swine shared the majority of microbial species identified at the phylum and family levels. There were no differences ( > 0.05) between treatments in the microbial community and SCFA during fermentation. However, higher Chao-1 and Shannon indexes were observed in CM and HCM treatments. HCM was also found to be capable of preserving and at the phylum level, while at the family level, both treatments may help , , , and survive in the long term. Also, there was a potential trend of increasing acetic acid and butyric acid in the CM and HCM treatments. While HCM shows promise in potentially modulating the gut microbiota of weaned swine, additional research is required to investigate the effects of higher doses of HCM on swine performance parameters.
PubMed: 38891724
DOI: 10.3390/ani14111677 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... May 2024The objective of this experiment was to delve into the impacts of transportation on goats. Sixteen healthy goats were selected as experimental animals; these goats were...
The objective of this experiment was to delve into the impacts of transportation on goats. Sixteen healthy goats were selected as experimental animals; these goats were transported at a speed ranging from 35 to 45 km/h for 20 h. The changes in the physiological indexes, blood physiological indexes, biochemical indexes, rumen fermentation indexes, and rumen microbial structure composition of goats before and after transportation were measured. The results showed that after transportation, the contents of IgM, IgA, IgG, and Thyroxine decreased very significantly, while the contents of propionic acid, Hemoglobin and Epinephrine significantly increased, and the contents of VFA, acetic acid, butyric acid, isobutyric acid, isovaleric acid, LPS, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, Major Acute Phase Protein, protein carbonyl, and cortisol increased very significantly. There was no significant difference in α-diversity and β-diversity, and the relative abundance of rumen microorganisms was not significantly different at either phylum or genus levels. The experimental findings revealed that continuous transportation for a duration of 20 h can induce a severe stress response in goats, leading to compromised immune function, diminished antioxidant capacity, escalated inflammatory response, and altered rumen fermentation indices. However, the experiment did not reveal any significant impact on the structure and composition of the rumen microbiota.
PubMed: 38891663
DOI: 10.3390/ani14111616 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... May 2024The aim of the study was to investigate in vitro the antibacterial activity of 8 commercial drinking water additives against major zoonotic poultry pathogens ( spp., ,...
The aim of the study was to investigate in vitro the antibacterial activity of 8 commercial drinking water additives against major zoonotic poultry pathogens ( spp., , Typhimurium, and spp.). We tested two essential oil-based phytogenics (Phyto CSC Liquide B, AEN 350 B Liquid), two acid-based eubiotics (Salgard liquid, Intesti-Flora), and four blends of essential oils and organic acids (ProPhorce SA Exclusive, Herbal acid, Rigosol-N and Eubisan 3000). The antibacterial activity was determined by estimating the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) using a microdilution method. The MICs of the products against spp. ranged from 0.071% to 0.568% /, in which Herbal acid, a blend rich in lactic and phosphoric acids, also containing thyme and oregano oils, exhibited the highest efficacy (MIC: 0.071% /) against all the tested strains. The MICs of the tested products against ranged between 0.071% and 1.894% /. Specifically, the MIC of Rigosol-N, a blend of high concentrations of lactic and acetic acid, was 0.142% / for both tested strains, whereas the MICs of Intesti-Flora, a mixture rich in lactic and propionic acid, ranged from 0.284% to 0.568% /. The MICs of the products against Typhimurium were between 0.095% and 1.894% /. Specifically, the MIC of Eubisan 3000, a blend rich in oregano oil, was 0.284% /. The MICs against were between 0.142% and 9.090% /. The MICs of Phyto CSC Liquide B, which is rich in -cinnamaldehyde, were between 3.030% and 9.090% /, showing the highest MIC values of all tested products. Finally, the MIC values of the tested commercial products against spp. were 0.095% to 3.030% /. The MICs of ProPhorce SA Exclusive, a highly concentrated blend of formic acid and its salts, were 0.095-0.142% / against spp., while the MICs of AEN 350 B Liquid were between 0.284% and 1.894% exhibiting high spp. strain variability. In conclusion, all the selected commercial products exhibited more or less antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria and, thus, can be promising alternatives to antibiotics for the control of zoonotic poultry pathogens and the restriction of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria.
PubMed: 38891658
DOI: 10.3390/ani14111611