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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2024Chlorfenapyr is used to kill insects that are resistant to organophosphorus insecticides. Chlorfenapyr poisoning has a high mortality rate and is difficult to treat.... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Chlorfenapyr is used to kill insects that are resistant to organophosphorus insecticides. Chlorfenapyr poisoning has a high mortality rate and is difficult to treat. This article aims to review the mechanisms, clinical presentations, and treatment strategies for chlorfenapyr poisoning.
DATA RESOURCES
We conducted a review of the literature using PubMed, Web of Science, and SpringerLink from their beginnings to the end of October 2023. The inclusion criteria were systematic reviews, clinical guidelines, retrospective studies, and case reports on chlorfenapyr poisoning that focused on its mechanisms, clinical presentations, and treatment strategies. The references in the included studies were also examined to identify additional sources.
RESULTS
We included 57 studies in this review. Chlorfenapyr can be degraded into tralopyril, which is more toxic and reduces energy production by inhibiting the conversion of adenosine diphosphate to adenosine triphosphate. High fever and altered mental status are characteristic clinical presentations of chlorfenapyr poisoning. Once it occurs, respiratory failure occurs immediately, ultimately leading to cardiac arrest and death. Chlorfenapyr poisoning is difficult to treat, and there is no specific antidote.
CONCLUSION
Chlorfenapyr is a new pyrrole pesticide. Although it has been identified as a moderately toxic pesticide by the World Health Organization (WHO), the mortality rate of poisoned patients is extremely high. There is no specific antidote for chlorfenapyr poisoning. Therefore, based on the literature review, future efforts to explore rapid and effective detoxification methods, reconstitute intracellular oxidative phosphorylation couplings, identify early biomarkers of chlorfenapyr poisoning, and block the conversion of chlorfenapyr to tralopyril may be helpful for emergency physicians in the diagnosis and treatment of this disease.
PubMed: 38855374
DOI: 10.5847/wjem.j.1920-8642.2024.046 -
Rheumatology Advances in Practice 2024To unravel the mechanisms underlying cell death in the vacuoles, E1 enzyme, X-linked, autoinflammatory, somatic (VEXAS) syndrome using peripheral blood samples and to...
OBJECTIVES
To unravel the mechanisms underlying cell death in the vacuoles, E1 enzyme, X-linked, autoinflammatory, somatic (VEXAS) syndrome using peripheral blood samples and to assess the clinical value of this knowledge.
METHODS
Nine patients undergoing treatment for VEXAS syndrome at Yokohama City University Hospital were included in this study. Monocytes and neutrophils were isolated from peripheral blood and then monocytes were differentiated into polarized macrophages. Viable cell counts, cell death assays and measurements of various indicators such as high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) concentration, extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentration, annexin V level and caspase 1, 3 and 7 activities were performed.
RESULTS
Elevated cell death of monocytes and neutrophils was observed in VEXAS syndrome patients, as indicated by cultured cell counts and cell death assays. Annexin V assays and measurements of caspase 1, 3 and 7 activities suggested increased apoptosis and pyroptosis in these cells. Serum HMGB1 levels were significantly elevated in VEXAS syndrome patients and decreased after prednisolone (PSL) dose escalation. Monocytes and neutrophils from the VEXAS group exhibited heightened extracellular ATP secretion, which was significantly reduced by soluble PSL co-culture.
CONCLUSION
This study confirms increased cell death of monocytes and neutrophils and damage-associated molecular patterns in VEXAS syndrome, and these findings may be valuable for drug screening, therapeutic strategies and as biomarkers.
PubMed: 38854419
DOI: 10.1093/rap/rkae065 -
Journal of Thermal Biology May 2024The objective of the study was to examine the lower limbs skin temperature (T) changes in response to exhaustive whole-body exercise in trained individuals in reference...
The objective of the study was to examine the lower limbs skin temperature (T) changes in response to exhaustive whole-body exercise in trained individuals in reference to changes in plasma adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Eighteen trained participants from distinct sport type ‒ endurance (25.2 ± 4.9 yr) and speed-power (25.8 ± 3.1 yr), and 9 controls (24,9 ± 4,3 yr) ‒ were examined. Lower limbs T and plasma ATP measures were applied in parallel in response to incremental treadmill test and during 30-min recovery period. Plasma ATP kinetics were inversely associated to changes in T. The first significant decrease in T (76-89% of V˙ O) occurred shortly before a significant plasma ATP increase (86-97% of V˙ O). During recovery, T increased, reaching pre-exercise values (before exercise vs. after 30-min recovery: 31.6 ± 0.4 °C vs. 32.0 ± 0.8 °C, p = 0.855 in endurance; 32.4 ± 0.5 °C vs. 32.9 ± 0.5 °C, p = 0.061 in speed-power; 31.9 ± 0.7 °C vs. 32.4 ± 0.8 °C, p = 0.222 in controls). Plasma ATP concentration did not returned to pre-exercise values in well trained participants (before exercise vs. after 30-min recovery: 699 ± 57 nmol l vs. 854 ± 31 nmol l, p < 0.001, η = 0.961 and 812 ± 35 nmol l vs. 975 ± 55 nmol l, p < 0.001, η = 0.974 in endurance and speed-power, respectively), unlike in controls (651 ± 40 nmol l vs. 687 ± 61 nmol·l1, p = 0.58, η = 0.918). The magnitude of T and plasma ATP response differed between the groups (p < 0.001, η = 0.410 for T; p < 0.001, η = 0.833 for plasma ATP). We conclude that lower limbs T change indirectly corresponds to the reverse course of plasma ATP during incremental exercise and the magnitude of the response depends on the level of physical activity and the associated to it long-term metabolic adaptation.
Topics: Humans; Skin Temperature; Male; Adenosine Triphosphate; Adult; Exercise; Lower Extremity; Young Adult; Female; Physical Endurance
PubMed: 38850622
DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2024.103877 -
Scientific Reports Jun 2024Recent data indicate that extracellular ATP affects wound healing efficacy via P2Y2-dependent signaling pathway. In the current work, we propose double-modified ATP...
Recent data indicate that extracellular ATP affects wound healing efficacy via P2Y2-dependent signaling pathway. In the current work, we propose double-modified ATP analogue-alpha-thio-beta,gamma-methylene-ATP as a potential therapeutic agent for a skin regeneration. For the better understanding of structure-activity relationship, beside tested ATP analogues, the appropriate single-modified derivatives of target compound, such as alpha-thio-ATP and beta,gamma-methylene-ATP, were also tested in the context of their involvement in the activation of ATP-dependent purinergic signaling pathway via the P2Y2 receptor. The diastereomerically pure alpha-thio-modified-ATP derivatives were obtained using the oxathiaphospholane method as separate S and R diastereomers. Both the single- and double- modified ATP analogues were then tested for their impact on the viability and migration of human keratinocytes. The involvement of P2Y2-dependent purinergic signaling was analyzed in silico by molecular docking of the tested compounds to the P2Y2 receptor and experimentally by studying intracellular calcium mobilization in the human keratinocytes HaCaT. The effects obtained for ATP analogues were compared with the results for ATP as a natural P2Y2 agonist. To confirm the contribution of the P2Y2 receptor to the observed effects, the tests were also performed in the presence of the selective P2Y2 antagonist-AR-C118925XX. The ability of the alpha-thio-beta,gamma-methylene-ATP to influence cell migration was analyzed in vitro on the model HaCaT and MDA-MB-231 cells by wound healing assay and transwell migration test as well as in vivo using zebrafish system. The impact on tissue regeneration was estimated based on the regrowth rate of cut zebrafish tails. The in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that the S-alpha-thio-beta,gamma-methylene-ATP analogue promotes regeneration-related processes, making it a suitable agent for enhance wound healing. Performed studies indicated its impact on the cell migration, induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and intracellular calcium mobilization. The enhanced regeneration of cut zebrafish tails confirmed the pro-regenerative activity of this ATP analogue. Based on the performed studies, the S-alpha-thio-beta,gamma-methylene-ATP is proposed as a potential therapeutic agent for wound healing and skin regeneration treatment.
Topics: Wound Healing; Humans; Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Keratinocytes; Zebrafish; Molecular Docking Simulation; Cell Movement; Receptors, Purinergic P2Y2; Signal Transduction; Calcium; Cell Line; Cell Survival; Structure-Activity Relationship
PubMed: 38849425
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63759-5 -
EMBnet.journal 2024Extracellular vesicles are a heterogeneous group of lipid-bound vesicles released by cells into the extracellular space. EVs are an important mediator of intercellular...
Extracellular vesicles are a heterogeneous group of lipid-bound vesicles released by cells into the extracellular space. EVs are an important mediator of intercellular communications and carry a wide variety of molecules that exert a biological function, such as lipids, nucleic acids, proteins, ions, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Extracellular vesicles are classified into microvesicles, exosomes, and apoptotic bodies depending on their biogenesis and size. Exosomes are spherical lipid-bilayer vesicles with a diameter of about 40 to 100 nm. Exosomes originate from intracellular endosomal compartments, while microvesicles originated directly from a cell's plasma membrane and apoptotic bodies originate from cells undergoing apoptosis and are released via outward blebbing and fragmentation of the plasma membrane. Specifically, exosomes have garnered great attention since they display great potential as both biomarkers and carriers of therapeutic molecules.
PubMed: 38845751
DOI: 10.14806/ej.29.0.1050 -
Frontiers in Plant Science 2024Controlled environment agriculture (CEA) is critical for achieving year-round food security in many regions of the world. CEA is a resource-intensive endeavor, with...
Controlled environment agriculture (CEA) is critical for achieving year-round food security in many regions of the world. CEA is a resource-intensive endeavor, with lighting consuming a large fraction of the energy. To lessen the burden on the grid and save costs, an extended photoperiod strategy can take advantage of off-peak time-of-day options from utility suppliers. However, extending the photoperiod limits crop production morphologically and physiologically if pushed too long. Here, we present a continuous-light dynamic light-emitting diode (LED) strategy (involving changes in spectra, intensity, and timing), that overcomes these limitations. We focused on tomato, a well described photoperiodic injury-sensitive species, and mini-cucumber, a photoperiodic injury-tolerant species to first assess morphological responses under control (16-h photoperiod, unchanging spectrum), constant (24-h photoperiod, unchanging spectrum), and two variations of a dynamic LED strategy, dynamic 1 (16-h "day", 3-h "peak", 8-h "night" spectra) and dynamic 2 (20-h "day", 5-h "peak", 4-h "night" spectra). Next, we tested the hypothesis of photorespiration's involvement in photoperiodic injury by using a leaf gas exchange coupled with chlorophyll fluorescence protocol. We further explored Adenosine triphosphate (ATP): Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) ratio supply/demand responses by probing photosynthetic electron flow and proton flow with the MultispeQ instrument. We found canopy architecture can be tuned by minor variations of the same dynamic LED strategy, and we highlight dynamic 1 as the optimal choice for both tomato and mini-cucumber as it improved biomass/architecture and first-yield, respectively. A central discovery was that dynamic 1 had a significantly higher level of photorespiration than control, for both species. Unexpectedly, photorespiration was comparable between species under the same treatments, except under constant. However, preliminary data on a fully tolerant tomato genotype grown under constant treatment upregulated photorespiration similar to mini-cucumber. These results suggest that photoperiodic injury tolerance involves a sustained higher level of photorespiration under extended photoperiods. Interestingly, diurnal MultispeQ measurements point to the importance of cyclic electron flow at subjective nighttime that may also partially explain why dynamic LED strategies mitigate photoperiodic injury. We propose an ontology of photoperiodic injury involving photorespiration, triose phosphate utilization, peroxisomal HO-catalase balance, and a circadian external coincidence model of sensitivity that initiates programmed cell death.
PubMed: 38841277
DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1384518 -
Biomaterials Research 2024Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) is recognized as a promising cancer treatment. Recently, copper sulfide nanostructures have been extensively employed as Fenton-like reagents...
Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) is recognized as a promising cancer treatment. Recently, copper sulfide nanostructures have been extensively employed as Fenton-like reagents that catalyze the formation of acutely toxic hydroxyl radicals (·OH) from hydrogen peroxide (HO). However, CDT therapeutic potency is restricted by the tumor microenvironment (TME), such as insufficient amounts of hydrogen peroxide, excessive glutathione levels, etc. To address these disadvantages, glucose oxidase (GOx) or catalase (CAT) can be utilized to enhance CDT, while low therapeutic efficacy still inhibits their future applications. Our previous study revealed that mild photothermal effect could boost the CDT catalytic effectiveness as well as GOx enzyme activity over a range. We engineered and constructed a hollow CuS nanoplatform loaded with GOx and CAT, coating with macrophage membranes (M@GOx-CAT@CuS NPs). The nanoplatforms allowed enhancement of the reactive oxygen species creation rate and GOx catalytic activeness of CDT through mild phototherapy directed by photoacoustic imaging. After actively targeting vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in cancer cells mediated by macrophage membrane coating, M@GOx-CAT@CuS NPs released GOx and CAT under near-infrared irradiation. GOx catalyzed the formation of HO and gluconic acid with glucose, creating a better catalytic environment for CDT. Meanwhile, CAT-catalyzed HO decomposition to generate sufficient oxygen, appropriately alleviating the oxygen shortage in the TME. In addition, starvation effects decreased adenosine triphosphate levels and further underregulated heat shock protein expression to reduce the heat resistance of tumor cells, resulting in a better mild phototherapy outcome. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that the newly developed M@GOx-CAT@CuS nanoplatform has remarkable synergistic anticancer therapeutic effects. The cascade reaction-enhanced biomimetic nanoplatform opens up a new avenue for precision tumor diagnostic and therapeutic research.
PubMed: 38840654
DOI: 10.34133/bmr.0034 -
Physiological Research May 2024Life manifests as growth, movement or heat production that occurs thanks to the energy accepted from the outside environment. The basis of energy transduction attracted...
Life manifests as growth, movement or heat production that occurs thanks to the energy accepted from the outside environment. The basis of energy transduction attracted the Czech researchers since the beginning of the 20th century. It further accelerated after World War II, when the new Institute of Physiology was established in 1954. When it was found that energy is stored in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) that can be used by numerous reactions as energy source and is produced in the process called oxidative phosphorylation localized in mitochondria, the investigation focused on this cellular organelle. Although the Czech scientists had to overcome various obstacles including Communist party leadership, driven by curiosity, boldness, and enthusiasm, they characterized broad spectrum of mitochondrial properties in different tissues in (patho)physiological conditions in collaboration with many world-known laboratories. The current review summarizes the contribution of the Czech scientists to the bioenergetic and mitochondrial research in the global context. Keywords: Mitochondria, Bioenergetics, Chemiosmotic coupling.
PubMed: 38836463
DOI: No ID Found -
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy =... Jul 2024Depression is a prevalent psychiatric disorder with accumulating evidence implicating dysregulation of extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels in the medial...
Depression is a prevalent psychiatric disorder with accumulating evidence implicating dysregulation of extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). It remains unclear whether facilitating endogenous ATP production and subsequently increasing extracellular ATP level in the mPFC can exert a prophylactic effect against chronic social defeat stress (CSDS)-induced depressive-like behaviors and enhance stress resilience. Here, we found that nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) treatment effectively elevated nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) biosynthesis and extracellular ATP levels in the mPFC. Moreover, both the 2-week intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection and 3-week oral gavage of NMN prior to exposure to CSDS effectively prevented the development of depressive-like behavior in mice. These protective effects were accompanied with the preservation of both NAD biosynthesis and extracellular ATP level in the mPFC. Furthermore, catalyzing ATP hydrolysis by mPFC injection of the ATPase apyrase negated the prophylactic effects of NMN on CSDS-induced depressive-like behaviors. Prophylactic NMN treatment also prevented the reduction in GABAergic inhibition and the increase in excitability in mPFC neurons projecting to the lateral habenula (LHb). Collectively, these findings demonstrate that the prophylactic effects of NMN on depressive-like behaviors are mediated by preventing extracellular ATP loss in the mPFC, which highlights the potential of NMN supplementation as a novel approach for protecting and preventing stress-induced depression in susceptible individuals.
Topics: Animals; Prefrontal Cortex; Male; Adenosine Triphosphate; Nicotinamide Mononucleotide; Depression; Stress, Psychological; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice; Behavior, Animal; Social Defeat; NAD; Disease Models, Animal
PubMed: 38834006
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116850