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Scientific Reports Jun 2024In this study, 80 catfish fillets were randomly collected from Egyptian local markets and retailers. The samples included 20 African catfish (Clarias gariepinus), 20...
In this study, 80 catfish fillets were randomly collected from Egyptian local markets and retailers. The samples included 20 African catfish (Clarias gariepinus), 20 bayad (Bagrus bajad), and 40 pangasius catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) fillets. Pangasianodon hypophthalmus fillet samples were divided into 20 white basa and 20 red basa fillets. We conducted a microbiological analysis of catfish fillet samples, evaluating mesophilic aerobic bacteria, psychrophilic aerobic bacteria, HS-producing bacteria, Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacteriaceae, Coliforms, and fecal Coliform counts. Additionally, we identified the existence of Salmonella spp., Vibrio spp., Yersinia spp., Escherichia spp., Aeromonas spp., and Pseudomonas spp. in the catfish fillet samples. In our study, the psychrophilic bacterial counts in Bagrus bajad (5.21 log CFU/g) were found to be higher compared to the counts in Clarias gariepinus (4.31 log CFU/g) and Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (3.89-4.7 log CFU/g). The fecal Coliform in Clarias gariepinus fillets was significantly higher than in other catfish fillets. We isolated Escherichia coli, Escherichia fergusonii, Aeromonas hydrophila, and Pseudomonas luteola from the catfish fillets, while no Salmonella spp., Vibrio spp., or Yersinia spp. were detected. These isolates were identified using 16S rRNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Furthermore, ten Escherichia spp. were serologically identified, revealing that O26 and O78 were the most commonly occurring serotypes. This study highlights the microbiological analysis conducted on catfish fillets and concludes that the fillet samples from these catfish were of superior quality and deemed acceptable for human consumption.
Topics: Animals; Catfishes; Food Microbiology; Bacteria; Seafood
PubMed: 38858383
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62730-8 -
Juntendo Iji Zasshi = Juntendo Medical... 2023species are Gram-negative rods known to cause infections such as gastroenteritis, bacteremia and wound infections. Colistin is one of few treatments for...
species are Gram-negative rods known to cause infections such as gastroenteritis, bacteremia and wound infections. Colistin is one of few treatments for multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. However, colistin-resistant bacteria carrying the mobilized colistin resistance () gene are a threat in healthcare settings worldwide. In recent years, colistin-resistant species have been detected in environmental and clinical samples. We analyzed the genomic characteristics of one highly colistin-resistant isolated from a blood sample in Nepal, which harbored four novel genes on its chromosome. Our study strongly suggests that is a reservoir of colistin-resistant genes. Inappropriate use of drugs in medicine and food production should be reduced and continued global surveillance for colistin-resistant bacteria is necessary.
PubMed: 38855938
DOI: 10.14789/jmj.JMJ22-0047-R -
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Jun 2024This study aimed to evaluate the effect of adding liquid extract of algae (Hypnea musciformis, Grateloupia acuminata, and Sargassum muticum) (HGS) and Magnesium oxide...
Synergistic effect of green synthesis magnesium oxide nanoparticles and seaweed extract on improving water quality, health benefits, and disease resistance in Nile tilapia.
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of adding liquid extract of algae (Hypnea musciformis, Grateloupia acuminata, and Sargassum muticum) (HGS) and Magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO NPs) using this extract to rear water of Oreochromis niloticus, on improving culture water indices, growth performance, digestive enzyme, hemato-biochemical characters, immune, antioxidative responses, and resistance after challenged by Aeromonas hydrophila with specific refer to the potential role of the mixture in vitro as resistance against three strains bacteria (Aeromonas sobria, Pseudomonas fluorescens, P. aeruginosa) and one parasite (Cichlidogyrus tilapia). The first group represented control, HGS0, whereas the other group, HGS5, HGS10, and HGS15 mL of liquid extract, as well as all groups with 7.5 μg mL MgO-NPs added to culture water of O. niloticus, for 60 days. Data showed that increasing levels at HGS 10 and HGS15 mL in to-culture water significantly enhanced growth-stimulating digestive enzyme activity and a significantly improved survival rate of O. niloticus after being challenged with A. hydrophila than in the control group. The total viability, coliform, fecal coliform count, and heavy metal in muscle partially decreased at HGS 10 and HGS15 mL than in the control group. Correspondingly, the highest positive effect on hemato-biochemical indices was noticed at levels HGS 10 and HGS15 mL. Fish noticed an improvement in immune and antioxidant indices compared to control groups partially at HGS 10 and HGS15 mL. Interestingly, fish cultured in rearing water with the mixture provided downregulated the related inflammatory genes (HSP70, TNF, IL-1β, and IL-8) partially at HGS15 mL. In vitro, the mixture showed positive efficiency as an antibacterial and partially antiparasitic at HGS 10 and HGS15 mL. This study proposes utilizing a mixture of (HGS) and (MgO-NPs) with optimum levels of 10-15 mL in cultured water to improve water indices, growth, health status, and increased resistance of O. niloticus against bacterial and parasitic infection.
PubMed: 38843743
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116522 -
BMC Veterinary Research Jun 2024The liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP2) plays a pivotal role in the host's immune response against pathogenic microorganisms. Numerous such antimicrobial...
BACKGROUND
The liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP2) plays a pivotal role in the host's immune response against pathogenic microorganisms. Numerous such antimicrobial peptides have recently been shown to mitigate infection risk in fish, and studying those harboured by the economically important fish Acrossocheilus fasciatus is imperative for enhancing its immune responses against pathogenic microorganisms. In this study, we cloned and sequenced LEAP2 cDNA from A. fasciatus to examine its expression in immune tissues and investigate the structure-activity relationships of its intramolecular disulphide bonds.
RESULTS
The predicted amino acid sequence of A. fasciatus LEAP2 was found to include a signal peptide, pro-domain, and mature peptide. Sequence analysis indicated that A. fasciatus LEAP2 is a member of the fish LEAP2A cluster and is closely related to Cyprinus carpio LEAP2A. A. fasciatus LEAP2 transcripts were expressed in various tissues, with the head kidney exhibiting the highest mRNA levels. Upon exposure to Aeromonas hydrophila infection, LEAP2 expression was significantly upregulated in the liver, head kidney, and spleen. A mature peptide of A. fasciatus LEAP2, consisting of two disulphide bonds (Af-LEAP2-cys), and a linear form of the LEAP2 mature peptide (Af-LEAP2) were chemically synthesised. The circular dichroism spectroscopy result shows differences between the secondary structures of Af-LEAP2 and Af-LEAP2-cys, with a lower proportion of alpha helix and a higher proportion of random coil in Af-LEAP2. Af-LEAP2 exhibited potent antimicrobial activity against most tested bacteria, including Acinetobacter guillouiae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, and Staphylococcus warneri. In contrast, Af-LEAP2-cys demonstrated weak or no antibacterial activity against the tested bacteria. Af-LEAP2 had a disruptive effect on bacterial cell membrane integrity, whereas Af-LEAP2-cys did not exhibit this effect. Additionally, neither Af-LEAP2 nor Af-LEAP2-cys displayed any observable ability to hydrolyse the genomic DNA of P. aeruginosa.
CONCLUSIONS
Our study provides clear evidence that linear LEAP2 exhibits better antibacterial activity than oxidised LEAP2, thereby confirming, for the first time, this phenomenon in fish.
Topics: Animals; Structure-Activity Relationship; Amino Acid Sequence; Fish Diseases; Antimicrobial Peptides; Fish Proteins; Disulfides; Phylogeny; Aeromonas hydrophila; Base Sequence
PubMed: 38835040
DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04106-8 -
The Science of the Total Environment Jun 2024Coastal and estuarine environments are under endogenic and exogenic pressures jeopardizing survival and diversity of inhabiting biota. Information of possible...
Coastal and estuarine environments are under endogenic and exogenic pressures jeopardizing survival and diversity of inhabiting biota. Information of possible synergistic effects of multiple (a)biotic stressors and holobiont interaction are largely missing in estuaries like the Elbe but are of importance to estimate unforeseen effects on animals' physiology. Here, we seek to leverage host-transcriptional RNA-seq and gill mucus microbial 16S rRNA metabarcoding data coupled with physiological and abiotic measurements in a network analysis approach to decipher the impact of multiple stressors on the health of juvenile Sander lucioperca along one of the largest European estuaries. We find mesohaline areas characterized by gill tissue specific transcriptional responses matching osmosensing and tissue remodeling. Liver transcriptomes instead emphasized that zander from highly turbid areas were undergoing starvation which was supported by compromised body condition. Potential pathogenic bacteria, including Shewanella, Acinetobacter, Aeromonas and Chryseobacterium, dominated the gill microbiome along the freshwater transition and oxygen minimum zone. Their occurrence coincided with a strong adaptive and innate transcriptional immune response in host gill and enhanced energy demand in liver tissue supporting their potential pathogenicity. Taken together, we show physiological responses of a fish species and its microbiome to abiotic factors whose impact is expected to increase with consequences of climate change. We further present a method for the close-meshed detection of the main stressors and bacterial species with disease potential in a highly productive ecosystem.
PubMed: 38830414
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173656 -
Archives of Razi Institute Dec 2023The genus is a widespread pathogen that includes more than 30 Gram-negative species, many of which are opportunistic bacteria. Aeromonas species are naturally... (Review)
Review
The genus is a widespread pathogen that includes more than 30 Gram-negative species, many of which are opportunistic bacteria. Aeromonas species are naturally distributed in various aquatic sources. Infectious processes in marine animals such as fish usually develop under stressful conditions, and when their immune systems are weakened. MicroRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) are short, non-coding RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression. Their diverse biological functions, such as influencing cell development, proliferation, differentiation, tumorigenesis, metabolism, and apoptosis have been studied in various animals. Fish is the most important source of aquatic nutrients throughout the world, and its market is constantly growing. Overpopulation in aquaculture brings infectious diseases that threaten the development of aquaculture around the world. There is extensive evidence that microRNAs are involved in modulating infectious processes and regulating the inflammatory response to major bacterial fish infections, including . Here, we review the current literature on the fish microRNA repertoire and outline the physiological roles assigned to microRNAs to provide a foundation for future research during infection. Understanding the interaction between microRNAs and may provide clues to a remarkable strategy for preventing infections in fish.
Topics: MicroRNAs; Animals; Aeromonas; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Fish Diseases; Fishes
PubMed: 38828176
DOI: 10.32592/ARI.2023.78.6.1668 -
F1000Research 2023Strategies to increase body resistance and prevent disease in aquaculture include using vaccines, antibiotics, and probiotics. Today, the use of antibiotics with...
Strategies to increase body resistance and prevent disease in aquaculture include using vaccines, antibiotics, and probiotics. Today, the use of antibiotics with natural ingredients is becoming a trend. One of the natural ingredients that contain high antioxidants and antibiotics is sp. This research was conducted from March to May 2022 at the Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine, Universitas Riau, in two stages: 1) the sensitivity of extracts of sp. and 2) the application of sp. extract orally in tilapia ( ). The parameters measured were clear zone, minimum inhibitory concentration, LD test of leaf extract of sp. in tilapia ( ), hemoglobin levels, hematocrit, total leukocytes, total erythrocytes, leukocyte differentiation, and survival rate. Data on hematology parameters were tabulated and analyzed using a One-Way ANOVA followed by a Student Newman Keuls (SNK) test when deemed necessary. The results showed that the extract of sp. inhibited the growth of bacteria with a clear zone of 6.5-15.0 mm, which is classified as resistant. At doses of 2000, 2500, and 3000 ppm, it did not cause death in fish for 96 hours (LD ). Hematological parameters can be a sign of the health status of fish. Tilapia given sp. in different doses gave an effect between treatments, both after 30 days of rearing and post-test against bacteria (p<0.05). The results showed that the hematology of fish fed with sp. extract was in the normal or healthy range. Healthy tilapia had erythrocyte counts ranging from 1.34-2.11×10 cells/mm , hematocrit 26.17-33.19%, hemoglobin 6.26-11.2 g/dL and total leukocytes 1.01-1.50×10 cells/mm and total erythrocytes 5.88-9.13×10 cells/ mm . A dose of 3000 ppm provided the highest health improvement against bacterial infection.
Topics: Animals; Sargassum; Cichlids; Aeromonas hydrophila; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Fish Diseases
PubMed: 38817412
DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.128819.2 -
Microbial Genomics May 2024is an emerging human enteric pathogen. However, the genomic features and virulence genes of strains from human gastroenteritis and other sources have not been fully...
Analysis of global genomes revealed that strains carrying T6SS are more common in human gastroenteritis than in environmental sources and are often phylogenetically related.
is an emerging human enteric pathogen. However, the genomic features and virulence genes of strains from human gastroenteritis and other sources have not been fully elucidated. Here, we conducted a genomic analysis of 565 global strains isolated from different sources, including 261 strains isolated from faecal samples of gastroenteritis patients, of which 18 genomes were sequenced in this study. The presence of bacterial virulence genes and secretion systems in strains from different sources was compared, and the phylogenetic relationship of strains was assessed based on the core genome. The complete genome of strain A20-9 isolated from a gastroenteritis patient was obtained in this study, from which 300 putative virulence factors and a T4SS-encoding plasmid, pAC, were identified. Genes encoding T4SS were also identified in a novel genomic island, ACI-1, from other T4SS-positive strains. The prevalence of T4SS was significantly lower in strains from gastroenteritis patients than in environmental strains (3 %, <0.0001 vs 14 %, <0.01). Conversely, the prevalence of T6SS was significantly higher in strains isolated from gastroenteritis patients than in environmental strains (25 %, <0.05 vs 13 %, <0.01). Four phylogenetic clusters were formed based on the core genome of 565 . strains, and strains carrying T6SS often showed close phylogenetic relationships. T3SS, aerolysin and thermostable cytotonic enterotoxin were absent in all 565 . strains. Our findings provide novel information on the genomic features of and suggest that T6SS may play a role in -induced human gastroenteritis.
Topics: Gastroenteritis; Humans; Phylogeny; Genome, Bacterial; Aeromonas caviae; Virulence Factors; Type VI Secretion Systems; Feces; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Genomic Islands; Plasmids
PubMed: 38814176
DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.001258 -
Frontiers in Pediatrics 2024infection of the bloodstream and intestine is a rare and severe opportunistic infection in immunocompromised people. In Southwest China, we first reported a case of...
infection of the bloodstream and intestine is a rare and severe opportunistic infection in immunocompromised people. In Southwest China, we first reported a case of bloodstream and intestinal infection with multidrug-resistant (MDR) in a 4-year-old child with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood and stool cultures were used to identify the infection. The selection of antibiotics was based on clinical expertise and medication sensitivity tests. We used linezolid, levofloxacin, and polymyxin B to treat the patient aggressively. infection is uncommon in juvenile acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Doctors should be aware of the likelihood of opportunistic infection during the post-chemotherapy bone marrow suppression period. We further conducted a review of the literature and performed a detailed analysis of s infection in pediatric leukemia. It is becoming increasingly apparent that antibiotic is abused domestically and abroad, resulting in the sharp increase of MDR bacteria. In general, most of the isolates are susceptible to third- or fourth-generation cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, quinolones, and carbapenem, but drug-resistant strains are being reported increasingly. We summarized the drug resistance rate of s caviae and in China in the last 10 years. Early recognition and effective treatment will improve prognosis and reduce mortality.
PubMed: 38803640
DOI: 10.3389/fped.2024.1233600 -
BMC Veterinary Research May 2024Moringa oleifera, a well-known medicinal plant, has been used in aquafeed as a dietary supplement. Based on previous studies, insufficient research is available on the...
Immunomodulatory, antioxidant, and growth-promoting activities of dietary fermented Moringa oleifera in Nile tilapia (Oreochromus niloticus) with in-vivo protection against Aeromonas hydrophila.
BACKGROUND
Moringa oleifera, a well-known medicinal plant, has been used in aquafeed as a dietary supplement. Based on previous studies, insufficient research is available on the dietary supplementation of Nile tilapia with M. oleifera leaf and seed mixtures, specifically the fermented form. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the efficacy of fermented (FMO) versus non-fermented M. oleifera (MO) leaf and seed mixtures on immunological parameters, antioxidant activity, growth performance, and resistance to A. hydrophila infection after a 30-day feeding trial on Nile tilapia.
METHODS
A total of 180 fingerlings were randomly divided into four groups in addition to the control group (36 fish each, in triplicate). Fish in the tested groups were fed on basal diet supplemented with MO5%, MO10%, FMO5%, and FMO10%, while those in control were fed on basal diet only. After the feeding trial, fish were challenged with A. hydrophila. The immunomodulatory activity of M. oleifera was evaluated in terms of phagocytic and lysozyme activities, immune-related cytokines and IgM gene expression. Antioxidants, and growth-promoting activities were also assessed.
RESULTS
The results revealed that fish supplemented FMO markedly in FMO10% group followed by FMO5%, exhibited significant (P < 0.05) improvement in the tested immunological, hepatic antioxidants, and growth performance parameters. Furthermore, the highest survival rate post-challenge with mild clinical symptoms, and the lowest A. hydrophila bacterial count were reported in these groups. Meanwhile, MO10%-supplementation exhibited the opposite trend.
CONCLUSIONS
The study' conclusion suggests that fermented M. oleifera leaf and seed mixture is a promising growth-promoting and immunostimulatory feed-additive candidate for Nile tilapia and could reduce the losses caused by A. hydrophila infection.
Topics: Animals; Moringa oleifera; Aeromonas hydrophila; Cichlids; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Antioxidants; Animal Feed; Fish Diseases; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Plant Leaves; Fermentation; Seeds
PubMed: 38802892
DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04070-3