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International Journal of Molecular... Jan 2024In the context of the alarming rise of infant obesity and its health implications, the present research aims to uncover disruptions in postprandial lipid metabolism and... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
In the context of the alarming rise of infant obesity and its health implications, the present research aims to uncover disruptions in postprandial lipid metabolism and the composition of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins in obese adolescents. A double-blind, controlled clinical trial in the postprandial phase on 23 adolescents aged 12 to 16 years was carried out. Twelve participants were categorized as obese (BMI > 30 kg/m and percentile > 95) and 11 as normal-weight (BMI = 20-25 kg/m, percentile 5-85). Blood samples were collected after a 12-h overnight fast and postprandially after consumption of a standardized breakfast containing olive oil, tomato, bread, orange juice, and skimmed milk. Obese adolescents exhibited elevated triglyceride concentrations in both fasting and postprandial states and higher TG/apo-B48 ratios, indicating larger postprandial triglyceride-rich lipoprotein (TRL) particle size, which suggests impaired clearance. Obese subjects also exhibited higher n-6 PUFA concentrations, potentially linked to increased TRL hydrolysis and the release of pro-inflammatory adipokines. In contrast, TRL from normal-weight individuals showed higher concentrations of oleic acid and DHA (n-3 PUFA), with possible anti-inflammatory effects. The results indicate an interplay involving postprandial TRL metabolism and adipokines within the context of adolescent obesity, pointing to potential cardiovascular implications in the future.
Topics: Infant; Humans; Adolescent; Pediatric Obesity; Adipokines; Bread; Fatty Acids, Omega-3; Lipoproteins
PubMed: 38256185
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021112 -
Hypertension Research : Official... Apr 2024Ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) and home blood pressure (HBP) monitoring is currently recommended for management of hypertension. Nonetheless, traditional HBP protocols... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
Ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) and home blood pressure (HBP) monitoring is currently recommended for management of hypertension. Nonetheless, traditional HBP protocols could overlook diurnal fluctuations, which could also be linked with adverse cardiovascular outcomes. In this observational study, we studied among a group of treated hypertensive patients (N = 62, age: 52.4 ± 10.4 years) by using out-of-office ABP and wearable HBP. They received one session of 24-h ABP measurement with an oscillometric upper-arm monitor, and totally three sessions of 7-day/6-time-daily wearable HBP measurement separated in each month with HeartGuide. Controlled hypertension is defined as an average BP <130/80 mmHg for both daytime ABP and HBP. There was substantial reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient, ICC 0.883-0.911) and good reproducibility (Cohen's kappa = 0.600) for wearable HBP measurement, especially before breakfast and after dinner. Among all patients, 27.4% had both uncontrolled HBP and ABP, 30.6% had uncontrolled HBP only, while 6.5% had uncontrolled ABP only. Female gender and increased numbers of anti-hypertensive agents are correlated with controlled hypertension. Patients with uncontrolled hypertension had a significantly higher maximal daytime blood pressure, which was previously signified as an imperial marker for cardiovascular risk. In conclusion, wearable HBP monitoring in accordance with a dedicated daily-living schedule results in good reliability and reproducibility. Patients with an uncontrolled wearable HBP should benefit from repeated HBP or ABP measurement for risk stratification.
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Blood Pressure; Blood Pressure Determination; Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory; Hypertension; Reproducibility of Results; Wearable Electronic Devices; Male
PubMed: 38242946
DOI: 10.1038/s41440-023-01539-w -
Clinical and Experimental Nephrology May 2024Idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) is a leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether urinary...
BACKGROUND
Idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) is a leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) diurnal variation rate calculated by spot urinary protein test predicts 1-year nephrotic outcomes as a biomarker of proteinuria severity in patients with IMN.
METHODS
Patients' baseline demographics, blood and urinary biomarkers, and clinical and pathological characteristics were collected retrospectively. Urine samples were collected at 7:00 (before breakfast) and 19:00 (after dinner) to calculate the UACR diurnal variation rate. A prediction model for no remission (NR) was developed statistically based on differences between prognosis groups. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was performed to evaluate prediction abilities and determine optimal cut-off points of the model and UACR diurnal variation rate alone.
RESULTS
The formula for calculating the probability of NR was exp(L)/(1 + exp(L)), where the linear predictor L = - 22.038 + 0.134 × Age (years) + 0.457 × 24-h urinary protein + 0.511 × blood urea nitrogen (BUN) + 0.014 × serum uric acid (SUA) + 2.411 if glomerular sclerosis + 0.816 × fasting blood glucose (FBG)-0.039 × UACR diurnal variation rate (%). Optimal cut-off points for NR prediction by the final model and UACR diurnal variation rate alone were 0.331 and 58.5%, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity were 0.889 and 0.859 for the final model, and 0.926 and 0.676 for UACR diurnal variation rate alone.
CONCLUSION
UACR diurnal variation using spot urinary protein is a simpler way to predict nephrotic outcomes and is a highly sensitive screening tool for identifying patients who should undergo further comprehensive risk assessment.
Topics: Humans; Glomerulonephritis, Membranous; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Creatinine; Circadian Rhythm; Retrospective Studies; Adult; Albuminuria; Biomarkers; Prognosis; ROC Curve; Predictive Value of Tests; Aged; Proteinuria; Urinalysis
PubMed: 38240880
DOI: 10.1007/s10157-023-02444-9 -
Autism : the International Journal of... Jan 2024: Prospective memory is an important function for daily living. It is the cognitive function that helps you remember that you are meeting your friend for coffee at...
: Prospective memory is an important function for daily living. It is the cognitive function that helps you remember that you are meeting your friend for coffee at 2 pm tomorrow, or that you need to take your vitamins after breakfast. This cognitive function is particularly important in autistic adults, but how prospective memory is associated with increasing age, we currently do not know.: Although performance on experimental tasks that measure prospective memory decreases with age, this pattern is similar in autistic and non-autistic adults. No age effects were found for tasks that were performed outside the lab. Autistic adults and non-autistic adults perform similarly on prospective memory, and this performance remains similar when autistic and non-autistic adults age.: While our results show that prospective memory decreased with increasing age, our results do point to parallel development of prospective memory in autistic and non-autistic adults. This finding serves as a reassurance for those individuals concerned that older autistic individuals might show quicker cognitive decline.
PubMed: 38240223
DOI: 10.1177/13623613231225489 -
Endocrine Journal Feb 2024Plant-based diets that replace animal-based proteins with plant-based proteins have received increased attention for cardiovascular protection. Nitric oxide (NO) plays...
Plant-based diets that replace animal-based proteins with plant-based proteins have received increased attention for cardiovascular protection. Nitric oxide (NO) plays an essential role in the maintenance of endothelial function. However, under higher oxidative stress, NO generation produces peroxynitrite, a powerful oxidant and vasoconstrictor. Diet-replaced protein sources has been reported to decrease oxidative stress. However, the effects of plant-based protein on NO and peroxynitrite have not yet been clarified. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the effects of plant- and animal-based-protein meals for a day on NO, peroxynitrite, and NO/peroxynitrite balance. A crossover trial of two meal conditions involving nine healthy men was performed. Participants ate standard meals during day 1. On day 2, baseline measurements were performed and the participants were provided with plant-based-protein meals or animal-based-protein meals. The standard and test meals consisted of breakfast, lunch, and dinner and were designed to be isocaloric. Plant-based-protein meals contained no animal protein. Blood samples were collected in the morning after overnight fasting before and after the test meals consumption. In the plant-based-protein meal condition, serum NOx levels (the sum of serum nitrite and nitrate) significantly increased, while serum peroxynitrite levels did not change significantly. Animal-based-protein meals significantly increased serum peroxynitrite levels but showed a trend of reduction in the serum NOx levels. Furthermore, serum NO/peroxynitrite balance significantly increased after plant-based-protein meals consumption, but significantly decreased after animal-based-protein meals consumption. These results suggest that, compared with animal-based-protein meals, plant-based-protein meals increase NO levels and NO/peroxynitrite balance, which reflects increased endothelial function.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Male; Breakfast; Lunch; Meals; Nitric Oxide; Peroxynitrous Acid; Cross-Over Studies
PubMed: 38220201
DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.EJ23-0355 -
Bioscience Reports Jan 2024To investigate the response of nutritional supplement (LNS-PLW) on appetite score, energy intake, insulin and glucose levels in preeclamptic women.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the response of nutritional supplement (LNS-PLW) on appetite score, energy intake, insulin and glucose levels in preeclamptic women.
DESIGN & PARTICIPANTS
Sixty under-weight preeclamptic primigravida were divided into two groups randomly and provided LNS-PLW/Placebo in the fasted state. Blood samples were collected at fasting state, after 30mins of supplementation, "ad libitum buffet" breakfast and lunch for glucose and insulin levels.
RESULTS
Total energy intake was higher significantly in the LNS-PLW group, although during breakfast it was significantly reduced. The insulin and glucose concentration was significantly increased after 30min of supplementation in the LNS-PLW group.
CONCLUSION
Intake of the LNS-PLW by pre-eclamptic women had short-term suppression on subsequent meal but improved total energy intake during trial.
PubMed: 38206092
DOI: 10.1042/BSR20231344 -
Endocrine Journal Feb 2024Obesity and aging are major risk factors for several life-threatening diseases. Accumulating evidence from both rodents and humans suggests that the levels of...
Safety and efficacy of long-term nicotinamide mononucleotide supplementation on metabolism, sleep, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide biosynthesis in healthy, middle-aged Japanese men.
Obesity and aging are major risk factors for several life-threatening diseases. Accumulating evidence from both rodents and humans suggests that the levels of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), a regulator of many biological processes, declines in multiple organs and tissues with aging and obesity. Administration of an NAD intermediate, nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), replenishes intracellular NAD levels and mitigates aging- and obesity-associated derangements in animal models. In this human clinical study, we aimed to investigate the safety and effects of 8-week oral administration of NMN on biochemical, metabolic, ophthalmologic, and sleep quality parameters as well as on chronological alterations in NAD content in peripheral tissues. An 8-week, single-center, single-arm, open-label clinical trial was conducted. Eleven healthy, middle-aged Japanese men received two 125-mg NMN capsules once daily before breakfast. The 8-week NMN supplementation regimen was well-tolerated; NAD levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells increased over the course of NMN administration. In participants with insulin oversecretion after oral glucose loading, NMN modestly attenuated postprandial hyperinsulinemia, a risk factor for coronary artery disease (n = 3). In conclusion, NMN overall safely and effectively boosted NAD biosynthesis in healthy, middle-aged Japanese men, showing its potential for alleviating postprandial hyperinsulinemia.
Topics: Male; Middle Aged; Animals; Humans; NAD; Nicotinamide Mononucleotide; Leukocytes, Mononuclear; Japan; Obesity; Sleep; Hyperinsulinism; Dietary Supplements
PubMed: 38191197
DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.EJ23-0431 -
Evaluation of , a novel thromboxane receptor antagonist, in a first-in-human phase I clinical trial.Frontiers in Pharmacology 2023The thromboxane receptor (TP) antagonist is in clinical development for treatment of cardiopulmonary diseases, such as pulmonary arterial hypertension. In this...
The thromboxane receptor (TP) antagonist is in clinical development for treatment of cardiopulmonary diseases, such as pulmonary arterial hypertension. In this randomized, placebo-controlled Phase I clinical trial, , administered as the oral formulation , was evaluated for safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK), and pharmacodynamics (PD) in healthy males. The first-in-human trial had three Parts: A, single ascending dose (SAD) study with seven groups given 0.25-243 mg or placebo; B, food effect study where one SAD group (9 mg) was also given or placebo after a high-fat breakfast; C, multiple ascending dose study with three groups given 15-135 mg or placebo once-daily for 7 days. Seventy-nine volunteers participated. No serious adverse events occurred, where any drug- or placebo-related adverse events were mild to moderate, with no correlation to dose. was rapidly absorbed, yielding dose proportional increases in exposure after single and repeat dosing. PK confirmed that, with a clearance (T) of 18.7 h, is suited to once-daily dosing, can be taken with or without food, and does not accumulate on repeat dosing. At doses ≥1 mg, led to complete and sustained inhibition of thromboxane-, but not ADP-, induced platelet aggregation , with direct correlation between exposure and duration of PD effects. Orally administered was well tolerated, with favorable PK/PD profiles and evidence of specific TP target engagement. These findings support continued clinical development of for cardiopulmonary or other relevant diseases with unmet needs. clinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT04919863.
PubMed: 38178863
DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1296188 -
Nutrients Dec 2023Enhancing the effectiveness of exercise for long-term body weight management and overall health benefits may be aided through complementary dietary strategies that help... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Enhancing the effectiveness of exercise for long-term body weight management and overall health benefits may be aided through complementary dietary strategies that help to control acute postexercise energy compensation. Inulin-type fructans (ITFs) have been shown to induce satiety through the modified secretion of appetite-regulating hormones. This study investigated the acute impact of oligofructose-enriched inulin (OI) consumption after exercise on objective and subjective measures of satiety and compensatory energy intake (EI). In a randomized crossover study, following the completion of a 45 min (65-70% VO) evening exercise session, participants (BMI: 26.9 ± 3.5 kg/m, Age: 26.8 ± 6.7 yrs) received one of two beverages: (1) sweetened milk (SM) or (2) sweetened milk + 20 g OI (SM+OI). Perceived measures of hunger were reduced in SM+OI relative to SM ( = 0.009). Within SM+OI, but not SM, plasma concentrations of GLP-1 and PYY were increased and acyl-ghrelin reduced from pre-exercise to postexercise. EI during the ad libitum breakfast in the morning postexercise tended to be lower in SM+OI ( = 0.087, d = 0.31). Gastrointestinal impacts of OI were apparent with increased ratings of flatulence ( = 0.026, d = 0.57) in participants the morning after the exercise session. Overall, the ingestion of a single dose of OI after an exercise session appears to induce subtle reductions in appetite, although the impact of these changes on acute and prolonged EI remains unclear.
Topics: Humans; Young Adult; Adult; Appetite; Inulin; Cross-Over Studies; Oligosaccharides; Ghrelin; Energy Intake; Peptide YY
PubMed: 38140276
DOI: 10.3390/nu15245017 -
Journal of Dairy Science May 2024The purpose of this study was to investigate if consumption of a high-protein, low-carbohydrate breakfast (PRO) leads to a lower subsequent ad libitum energy intake at... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Randomized Controlled Trial
A dairy-based, protein-rich breakfast enhances satiety and cognitive concentration before lunch in overweight to obese young females: A randomized controlled crossover study.
The purpose of this study was to investigate if consumption of a high-protein, low-carbohydrate breakfast (PRO) leads to a lower subsequent ad libitum energy intake at lunch and the rest of the day compared with ingestion of an isocaloric low-protein, high-carbohydrate breakfast (CHO) or no breakfast (CON). The study was designed as a randomized controlled 3-period crossover study. Thirty young (18-30 yr) females with overweight to obesity (body mass index >25 kg/m) in random order completed 3 separate experimental days where they consumed either a PRO, CHO, or CON breakfast test meal followed by an ad libitum lunch meal 3 h after breakfast. Participants were allocated to a sequence group by their inclusion number. The PRO and CHO breakfasts were matched in dietary fiber and fat content. Energy intake at lunch was calculated and dietary records were obtained for the rest of the day to calculate the total daily energy intake and macronutrient intake. Ratings of appetite sensations between meals and palatability of the test meals were assessed using visual analog scale sheets in intervals ranging from 10 to 30 min. In addition, blood samples were obtained at multiple time points separated by 10 to 60 min intervals between breakfast and lunch and were analyzed for appetite-regulating gut hormones, insulin, and glucose. Finally, performance in a cognitive concentration test was tested 150 min after breakfast. Compared with CHO and CON, the area under the curves for satiety, fullness, and satisfaction in the 3 h after breakfast were significantly higher after PRO, whereas the areas under the curve for hunger, desire to eat, and prospective eating were significantly lower after PRO. The appetite-regulating gut hormones cholecystokinin, glucagon-like peptide-1, and ghrelin in the hours after breakfast, energy intake during the ad libitum lunch meal, and the total daily energy intake did not differ significantly between PRO, CHO, and CON. However, the cognitive concentration test score was 3.5 percentage points higher for PRO, but not CHO, versus CON. A dairy-based high-protein, low-carbohydrate breakfast increased satiety sensation in the hours after breakfast but did not reduce total daily energy intake compared with an isocaloric low-protein, high-carbohydrate breakfast or omitting breakfast. However, performance in a cognitive concentration test before lunch was enhanced after the high-protein, low-carbohydrate breakfast, but not the low-protein, high-carbohydrate breakfast, compared with omitting breakfast.
Topics: Female; Blood Glucose; Breakfast; Cognition; Cross-Over Studies; Dietary Fiber; Energy Intake; Insulin; Lunch; Obesity; Overweight; Postprandial Period; Prospective Studies; Humans; Adolescent; Young Adult; Adult
PubMed: 38135050
DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24152