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Cureus Mar 2024is a Gram-positive anaerobic coccus that typically colonizes the oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract in humans. Though is typically associated with periodontal...
is a Gram-positive anaerobic coccus that typically colonizes the oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract in humans. Though is typically associated with periodontal abscesses, it can also be an unlikely cause of bacteremia. Here, we report a case of bacteremia in the setting of a hepatic abscess. Antibiotic treatment of the bacteremia was initiated, and the entry source of the infection was investigated using various imaging techniques in the inpatient setting. A hepatic abscess was suspected to be the origin of infection for the bacteremia. Successful antibiotic treatment was confirmed by negative repeat blood cultures and an improvement in the patient's symptoms and clinical picture.
PubMed: 38638707
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.56497 -
Current Microbiology Feb 2024The strains Marseille-Q7072 (= CSUR Q7072 = CECT 30604) and Marseille-Q7826 (= CSUR Q7826 = CECT 30727) were isolated from vaginal samples. As MALDI-TOF mass...
The strains Marseille-Q7072 (= CSUR Q7072 = CECT 30604) and Marseille-Q7826 (= CSUR Q7826 = CECT 30727) were isolated from vaginal samples. As MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry failed to identify them, their genomes were directly sequenced to determine their taxogenomic identities. Both strains are anaerobic without any oxidase and catalase activity. C is the most abundant fatty acid for both strains. Strain Marseille-Q7072 is non-spore-forming, non-motile, Gram-stain-positive, and coccus-shaped, while strain Marseille-Q7826 is non-spore-forming, motile, Gram-stain-variable, and curved rod-shaped. The genomic comparison of the Marseille-Q7072 and Marseille-Q7826 strains showed that all digital DNA-DNA hybridisation (dDDH) and mean orthologous nucleotide identity (OrthoANI) values were below published species thresholds (70% and 95-96%, respectively) with other closely related species with standing in nomenclature. Thus, we conclude that both strains are new bacterial species. Strain Marseille-Q7072 is a new member of the Bacillota phylum, for which the name Peptoniphilus genitalis sp. nov. is proposed, while the Marseille-Q7826 strain is a new member of the Actinomycetota phylum, for which the name Mobiluncus massiliensis sp. nov. is proposed.
Topics: Female; Humans; Mobiluncus; Bacteria; Clostridiales; Microbiota; DNA
PubMed: 38372813
DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03584-7 -
Microorganisms Dec 2023is an aerobic Gram-positive coccus that grows as tiny alpha-hemolytic colonies. is a slow-growing facultative anaerobic Gram-positive rod. These bacteria are part of...
is an aerobic Gram-positive coccus that grows as tiny alpha-hemolytic colonies. is a slow-growing facultative anaerobic Gram-positive rod. These bacteria are part of the urogenital microbiota of healthy patients, but can also be involved in urinary tract infections (UTIs), particularly in elderly men and young children. Because and are fastidious and are difficult to identify with phenotypic methods, they are underestimated causes of UTIs. Their growth is slow and requires a blood-enriched medium incubated under an anaerobic or 5% CO atmosphere for 48 h and from 24 to 48 h for and , respectively. Furthermore, accurate identification is only possible using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) or molecular-based methods. In rare cases, these bacteria can be responsible for invasive infections. We describe, here, an unusual case of bacteremic UTI caused by both and in an 89-year-old woman. She presented with dyspnea, and bacteriuria was noted. This challenging clinical and microbiological diagnosis was made in our laboratory by Gram staining urine with a leucocyte count >50/μL and/or a bacterial count >14/μL urinary culture on a blood agar plate. After 10 days of antimicrobial treatment consisting of 2 g amoxicillin PO t.i.d., the patient was discharged with a complete clinical and biological recovery. and are probably still underestimated causes of UTIs. Microbiologists could consider the presence of these two bacteria using appropriate culture and identification methods in cases where a positive direct examination of urine reveals small Gram-positive rods or cocci, where undocumented UTIs are present in elderly patients, but also where a urinary dipstick is negative for nitrites and is associated with leukocyturia.
PubMed: 38138052
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11122908 -
Cureus Nov 2023() is a gram-positive anaerobic coccus endemic to the oral cavity and intestinal tract. We report a case of pyogenic spondylitis caused by and summarize the clinical...
() is a gram-positive anaerobic coccus endemic to the oral cavity and intestinal tract. We report a case of pyogenic spondylitis caused by and summarize the clinical features of previous case reports. An 81-year-old man with a history of lumbar vertebral compression fracture two years previously presented to the emergency department with low back pain. He was clinically diagnosed with pyogenic spondylitis due to difficulty in moving his body, spinal tapping pain, and signs of inflammation. He was hospitalized, and aerobic and anaerobic blood culture samples were collected, but the results were negative. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed inflammation in the second and third lumbar vertebrae and L2/3 and L3/4 intervertebral discs, and culture of the infected disc biopsy showed growth. After six weeks of treatment with ampicillin-sulbactam and ampicillin, the patient's symptoms improved, and he was discharged. During hospitalization, he was diagnosed with periodontitis and type 2 diabetes; his dentures were adjusted, and he was started on an oral hypoglycemic agent. Pyogenic spondylitis caused by tends to be associated with oral infections. This case illustrates the importance of appropriate detection and treatment of the source of infection to prevent recurrence.
PubMed: 38090456
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.48665 -
Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2023is a catalase-negative, facultative anaerobic, Gram-positive coccus that is commensal in humans but can become opportunistic and cause severe infectious diseases, such...
is a catalase-negative, facultative anaerobic, Gram-positive coccus that is commensal in humans but can become opportunistic and cause severe infectious diseases, such as infective endocarditis. Few studies have tested the antimicrobial susceptibility of . We tested its antimicrobial susceptibility to 27 drugs and defined the resistant genes using PCR in 58 strains, including 52 clinical isolates and six type strains. The type strains and clinical isolates included 22 , 18 (GH) group (genetically indistinguishable from and ), 13 , three , and two . No strain was resistant to beta-lactams and vancomycin. In total, 6/22 (27.3%) strains were erythromycin- and clindamycin-resistant -positive, whereas 4/18 (22.2%) in the GH group, 7/13 (53.8%) , and 1/3 (33.3%) of the strains were erythromycin-non-susceptible - or -positive and clindamycin-susceptible. The MIC of minocycline and the ratios of -positive strains varied across the different species-: 2 µg/mL and 27.3% (6/22); GH group: 8 µg/mL and 27.8% (5/18); : 8 µg/mL and 46.2% (6/13), respectively. Levofloxacin resistance was significantly higher in (9/13 69.2%) than in (2/22 9.1%). Levofloxacin resistance was associated with a substitution at serine 83 for leucine, phenylalanine, or tyrosine in GyrA. The mechanisms of resistance to erythromycin and clindamycin differed across species. In addition, the rate of susceptibility to levofloxacin differed across sp., and the quinolone resistance mechanism was caused by mutations in GyrA alone.
PubMed: 37887239
DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12101538 -
, an oral pathobiont associated with colorectal cancer, epigenetically reprograms human colonocytes.Gut Microbes Dec 2023Recently, an intestinal dysbiotic microbiota with enrichment in oral cavity bacteria has been described in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Here, we characterize and...
Recently, an intestinal dysbiotic microbiota with enrichment in oral cavity bacteria has been described in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Here, we characterize and investigate one of these oral pathobionts, the Gram-positive anaerobic coccus . We identified two phylotypes (A and B) exhibiting different phenotypes and adhesion capabilities. We observed a strong association of phylotype A with CRC, with its higher abundance in feces and in tumoral tissue compared with the normal homologous colonic mucosa, which was associated with a distinct methylation status of patients. By developing an hypoxic co-culture system of human primary colonic cells with anaerobic bacteria, we show that phylotype A alters the DNA methylation profile promoters of key tumor-suppressor genes, oncogenes, and genes involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition. In colonic mucosa of CRC patients carrying phylotype A, we found similar DNA methylation alterations, together with significant enrichment of differentially expressed genes in pathways involved in inflammation, cell adhesion, and regulation of actin cytoskeleton, providing evidence of possible role in the carcinogenic process.
Topics: Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Firmicutes; Bacteria; Colorectal Neoplasms
PubMed: 37842920
DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2265138 -
Pediatrics and Neonatology Mar 2024In recent years, some studies have found that acute uncomplicated appendicitis can be treated with antibiotics alone. Because of the lack of relevant research on...
BACKGROUND
In recent years, some studies have found that acute uncomplicated appendicitis can be treated with antibiotics alone. Because of the lack of relevant research on treating acute appendicitis in Taiwan, this study investigated the microbiological characteristics of acute appendicitis to permit accurate empirical antibiotic use for uncomplicated appendicitis.
METHODS
In this single-center retrospective cohort study, patients listed in the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database with a discharge diagnosis of acute appendicitis were identified. Data for bacterial specimens and antibiotic susceptibility tests among patients treated at Tri-Service General Hospital between January 2016 and December 2021 were analyzed.
RESULTS
Among 2805 patients diagnosed with acute appendicitis, 167 (6%) were <18 years old. The culture positivity rates among children and adults were 33% and 18%, respectively. In total, 367 aerobes and 207 anaerobes were isolated. The predominant aerobic gram-positive coccus was viridans group streptococci (8.9%), the most common aerobic gram-negative bacillus was Escherichia coli (27.9%), and the most common anaerobic microorganism was Bacteroides spp. (27.7%). The results of antibiotic susceptibility testing of the predominant microorganisms revealed that 86.3% of gram-positive aerobes were susceptible to ampicillin, 76.3% of gram-negative aerobes were susceptible to gentamicin, and all anaerobic isolates were susceptible to metronidazole.
CONCLUSION
Triple first-line antibiotic combination therapy, including ampicillin, gentamicin, and metronidazole, remains highly effective against the pathogens that cause acute appendicitis.
Topics: Child; Adult; Humans; Adolescent; Metronidazole; Appendicitis; Retrospective Studies; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Ampicillin; Gentamicins; Bacteria, Aerobic; Escherichia coli; Microbial Sensitivity Tests
PubMed: 37741758
DOI: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2023.08.003 -
IDCases 2023is an anaerobic, gram-positive coccus rarely identified as a pathogenic organism. However, case reports have suggested as a causative pathogen in bacteremia,...
is an anaerobic, gram-positive coccus rarely identified as a pathogenic organism. However, case reports have suggested as a causative pathogen in bacteremia, nosocomial pneumonia, ventilator-associated pneumonia, synovitis, cholecystitis, and ophthalmologic infections. Herein, we present the first case of causing native mitral valve infective endocarditis. With the exception of erythromycin, the isolate displayed favorable minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) to all other antibiotics tested, including beta-lactams, levofloxacin, and vancomycin. The patient was successfully treated with a 6-week course of intravenous (IV) ceftriaxone followed by robotically assisted cardiac valve repair.
PubMed: 37645537
DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2023.e01818 -
Respiratory Medicine Case Reports 2023is a gram-positive anaerobic coccus (GPAC) that colonizes the oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract. Recent advances in bacterial identification have confirmed the...
is a gram-positive anaerobic coccus (GPAC) that colonizes the oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract. Recent advances in bacterial identification have confirmed the clinical importance of . Here, we report a case of empyema with bacteremia caused by . We successfully treated the patient with the appropriate antibiotics and drainage. can cause respiratory infections, including empyema, which can progress to bacteremia if treatment is delayed. In infections, not only the oral cavity but also the entire body must be investigated to clarify the entry mechanism.
PubMed: 37577121
DOI: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2023.101892 -
The Journal of Veterinary Medical... Sep 2023Melissococcus plutonius is a Gram-positive lanceolate coccus that is the causative agent of European foulbrood, an important bacterial disease of honey bee brood.... (Review)
Review
Melissococcus plutonius is a Gram-positive lanceolate coccus that is the causative agent of European foulbrood, an important bacterial disease of honey bee brood. Although this bacterium was originally described in the early 20th century, a culture method for this bacterium was not established until more than 40 years after its discovery due to its fastidious characteristics, including the requirement for high potassium and anaerobic/microaerophilic conditions. These characteristics were considered to be common to the majority of M. plutonius strains isolated worldwide, and M. plutonius was also thought to be genetically homologous or clonal for years. However, non-fastidious variants of this species (designated as atypical M. plutonius) were very recently identified in Japan. Although the morphology of these unusual strains was similar to that of traditionally well-known M. plutonius strains, atypical strains were genetically very different from most of the M. plutonius strains previously isolated and were highly virulent to individual bee larva. These atypical variants were initially considered to be unique to Japan, but were subsequently found worldwide; however, the frequency of isolation varied from country to country. The background of the discovery of atypical M. plutonius in Japan and current knowledge on atypical strains, including their biochemical and culture characteristics, virulence, detection methods, and global distribution, are described in this review. Remaining mysteries related to atypical M. plutonius and directions for future research are also discussed.
Topics: Bees; Animals; Virulence; Larva; Enterococcaceae; Bacterial Infections
PubMed: 37460304
DOI: 10.1292/jvms.23-0180