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Nature Jan 2020The origin of eukaryotes remains unclear. Current data suggest that eukaryotes may have emerged from an archaeal lineage known as 'Asgard' archaea. Despite the...
The origin of eukaryotes remains unclear. Current data suggest that eukaryotes may have emerged from an archaeal lineage known as 'Asgard' archaea. Despite the eukaryote-like genomic features that are found in these archaea, the evolutionary transition from archaea to eukaryotes remains unclear, owing to the lack of cultured representatives and corresponding physiological insights. Here we report the decade-long isolation of an Asgard archaeon related to Lokiarchaeota from deep marine sediment. The archaeon-'Candidatus Prometheoarchaeum syntrophicum' strain MK-D1-is an anaerobic, extremely slow-growing, small coccus (around 550 nm in diameter) that degrades amino acids through syntrophy. Although eukaryote-like intracellular complexes have been proposed for Asgard archaea, the isolate has no visible organelle-like structure. Instead, Ca. P. syntrophicum is morphologically complex and has unique protrusions that are long and often branching. On the basis of the available data obtained from cultivation and genomics, and reasoned interpretations of the existing literature, we propose a hypothetical model for eukaryogenesis, termed the entangle-engulf-endogenize (also known as E) model.
Topics: Amino Acids; Archaea; Eukaryotic Cells; Evolution, Molecular; Genome, Archaeal; Geologic Sediments; Lipids; Models, Biological; Phylogeny; Prokaryotic Cells; Symbiosis
PubMed: 31942073
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1916-6 -
, an oral pathobiont associated with colorectal cancer, epigenetically reprograms human colonocytes.Gut Microbes Dec 2023Recently, an intestinal dysbiotic microbiota with enrichment in oral cavity bacteria has been described in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Here, we characterize and...
Recently, an intestinal dysbiotic microbiota with enrichment in oral cavity bacteria has been described in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Here, we characterize and investigate one of these oral pathobionts, the Gram-positive anaerobic coccus . We identified two phylotypes (A and B) exhibiting different phenotypes and adhesion capabilities. We observed a strong association of phylotype A with CRC, with its higher abundance in feces and in tumoral tissue compared with the normal homologous colonic mucosa, which was associated with a distinct methylation status of patients. By developing an hypoxic co-culture system of human primary colonic cells with anaerobic bacteria, we show that phylotype A alters the DNA methylation profile promoters of key tumor-suppressor genes, oncogenes, and genes involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition. In colonic mucosa of CRC patients carrying phylotype A, we found similar DNA methylation alterations, together with significant enrichment of differentially expressed genes in pathways involved in inflammation, cell adhesion, and regulation of actin cytoskeleton, providing evidence of possible role in the carcinogenic process.
Topics: Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Firmicutes; Bacteria; Colorectal Neoplasms
PubMed: 37842920
DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2265138 -
Respiratory Medicine Apr 2018Bacterial pathogens are the most frequent cause of pneumonia after transplantation. Early after transplantation, recipients are at higher risk for nosocomial infections.... (Review)
Review
Bacterial pathogens are the most frequent cause of pneumonia after transplantation. Early after transplantation, recipients are at higher risk for nosocomial infections. The most commonly encountered pathogens during this period are gram-negative bacilli (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa …), but gram-positive coccus such as Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pneumoniae and anaerobic bacteria can also be found. Empirical antibiotic therapy should be guided by previous colonisation of the recipient and bacterial resistance pattern in the hospital. Six months after transplantation, pneumonias are mostly due to community-acquired bacteria (S. pneumonia, H. influenza, Mycoplasma, Chlamydia and others). Opportunistic pathogens take advantage of the state of immunosuppression which is usually highest from one to six months after transplantation. During this period, but also occurring many years later in the setting of a chronically depressed immune system, bacterial pathogens with low intrinsic virulence can cause pneumonia. The diagnosis of pneumonia caused by opportunistic pathogens can be challenging. The delay in diagnosis preventing the early instauration of adequate treatment in kidney transplant recipients with a depressed immune system, frequently coupled with co-morbid conditions and a state of frailty, will affect prognosis and outcome, increasing morbidity and mortality. This review will focus on the most common opportunistic bacterial pathogens causing pneumonia in kidney transplant recipients: Legionella, Nocardia, Mycobacterium tuberculosis/nontuberculous, and Rhodococcus. Recognition of their specificities in the setting of immunosuppression will allow early diagnosis, crucial for initiation of effective therapy and successful outcome. Interactions with immunosuppressive therapy should be considered as well as reducing immunosuppression if necessary.
Topics: Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Cross Infection; Humans; Immunosuppression Therapy; Kidney Transplantation; Legionella; Male; Middle Aged; Mycobacterium; Nocardia; Opportunistic Infections; Pneumonia, Bacterial; Prognosis; Rhodococcus; Transplant Recipients
PubMed: 29605219
DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2018.02.022 -
Current Research in Microbial Sciences 2022() is a facultative anaerobic, coccus-shaped halophilic lactic acid-producing bacterium previously detected and cultured in various salty foods and credited for...
() is a facultative anaerobic, coccus-shaped halophilic lactic acid-producing bacterium previously detected and cultured in various salty foods and credited for beneficial effects on human health. In this study, we investigated the presence of in human samples using a polyphasic approach including scanning electron microscopy, molecular biology methods and microbial culture. This unique investigation yielded the unprecedented presence of in human feces samples, thus enriching the repertoire of halophilic microorganisms colonizing the human gastrointestinal tract with the isolation and culture of for the first time in humans. Using the E-test strips, the MIC was assessed for T. strain CSURQ6002: rifampicin (MIC at 0.002 μg/mL), benzylpenicillin (MIC at 0.094 μg/mL), amoxicillin (MIC at 0.5 μg/mL), erythromycin (MIC at 2 μg/mL), clindamycin (MIC at 4 μg/mL), and vancomycin (MIC at 8 μg/mL). However, this strain showed a MIC up to 256 μg/mL for ciprofloxacin, fosfomycin, doxycyclin, imipenem, and colistin. profiling derived from whole genome sequencing (NCBI accession number: PRJNA780809), was confirmed. This discovery suggested that was part of the human digestive microbiota and that its potential role on human health should be considered.
PubMed: 35243447
DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2022.100112 -
BMJ Case Reports Apr 2013Acute cholecystitis is a common inflammatory condition of the gallbladder caused most commonly by Escherichia coli, Enterococcus, and Klebsiella organisms. Streptococcus...
Acute cholecystitis is a common inflammatory condition of the gallbladder caused most commonly by Escherichia coli, Enterococcus, and Klebsiella organisms. Streptococcus bovis is a Gram-positive, catalase-negative, anaerobic coccus found as a commensal inhabitant of the digestive system in 16% of healthy people. We report a rare case of acute cholecystitis caused by S bovis and discuss its implications with regard to the two known S bovis biotypes (I & II) both of which are associated with a number of other gastrointestinal diseases.
Topics: Acute Disease; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cholecystitis; Diagnosis, Differential; Diagnostic Imaging; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus bovis
PubMed: 23605823
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2013-008581 -
PloS One 2020Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) lead to nearly 100,000 lower limb amputations annually in the United States. DFUs are colonized by complex microbial communities, and...
Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) lead to nearly 100,000 lower limb amputations annually in the United States. DFUs are colonized by complex microbial communities, and infection is one of the most common reasons for diabetes-related hospitalizations and amputations. In this study, we examined how DFU microbiomes respond to initial sharp debridement and offloading and how the initial composition associates with 4 week healing outcomes. We employed 16S rRNA next generation sequencing to perform microbial profiling on 50 samples collected from 10 patients with vascularized neuropathic DFUs. Debrided wound samples were obtained at initial visit and after one week from two DFU locations, wound bed and wound edge. Samples of the foot skin outside of the wounds were also collected for comparison. We showed that DFU wound beds are colonized by a greater number of distinct bacterial phylotypes compared to the wound edge or skin outside the wound. However, no significant microbiome diversity changes occurred at the wound sites after one week of standard care. Finally, increased initial abundance of Gram-positive anaerobic cocci (GPAC), especially Peptoniphilus (p < 0.05; n = 5 subjects), was associated with impaired healing; thus, GPAC's abundance could be a predictor of the wound-healing outcome.
Topics: Aged; Bacteria, Anaerobic; Debridement; Diabetic Foot; Female; Foot Ulcer; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Gram-Positive Cocci; Humans; Male; Microbiota; Middle Aged; Predictive Value of Tests; Treatment Outcome; Wound Healing
PubMed: 31978071
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227006 -
Revista Argentina de Microbiologia 2022Dolosigranulum pigrum is a gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic coccus, which is part of the oral and upper respiratory tract microbiota. Although reports of...
Dolosigranulum pigrum is a gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic coccus, which is part of the oral and upper respiratory tract microbiota. Although reports of infections by this microorganism are scarce, it has been associated with a wide spectrum of infectious diseases. The case of an elderly man with a lower corneal abscess, in which Dolosigranulum pigrum was isolated, is described. The microorganism was identified by mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and by the sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Furthermore, the presumptive identification of the causative agent was achieved by using key phenotypic tests such as the cluster arrangement in Gram stain, the negative catalase test, the production of pyrrolidonyl arylamidase and leucine aminopeptidase activity, the growth in 6.5% NaCl and esculin hydrolysis. The data from the literature (and the present case) support the association of the microorganism with ocular infections, which often take a destructive course, mainly in elderly patients.
Topics: Abscess; Aged; Carnobacteriaceae; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Gram-Positive Cocci; Humans; Male; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 34895780
DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2021.10.002 -
Veterinary Sciences Nov 2022is a facultative anaerobic Gram-positive coccus belonging to the Rothia genus of the family. While is considered an opportunistic pathogen, to date few studies have...
is a facultative anaerobic Gram-positive coccus belonging to the Rothia genus of the family. While is considered an opportunistic pathogen, to date few studies have investigated its pathogenicity and drug resistance. In January 2022, chickens at a poultry farm in China's Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region became ill and died. Treatment with commonly used Chinese medicines and antibiotics was ineffective, causing economic losses to the poultry farm. In order to determine the cause of the disease in these poultry farm chickens, the isolation and identification of the pathogens in the livers and other internal organs of the sick and dead chickens were performed. Further, animal pathogenicity tests, antibiotic susceptibility tests, and the detection of antibiotic resistance genes were carried out to analyze the pathogenicity and drug resistance of the identified pathogens. A Gram-positive coccus was isolated from the livers of the diseased chickens. The isolate was resistant to 17 antibiotics, including ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, and florfenicol, and was only sensitive to penicillin, amikacin, and tigecycline, to varying degrees. The results of the drug resistance gene testing indicated that the isolated bacterium carried 13 kinds of resistance genes. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, morphological observations, biochemical tests, and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis were performed on the isolated bacterium, and it was determined that the isolated bacterial strain was . The animal pathogenicity tests showed that the isolate caused feather loss and death in chicks; the clinical symptoms and necropsy lesions of the test chicks were consistent with those observed in the farmed chickens. A review of the literature revealed that, to date, there are no reports of infection with in chickens. Thus, in this study, was isolated from chickens for the first time and an investigation of the biological characteristics of the bacterium was carried out in order to provide a reference for the clinical treatment, prevention, and control of infection.
PubMed: 36548814
DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9120653 -
BMJ Case Reports Oct 2016Sarcina is a Gram-positive anaerobic coccus that has been consistently reported in the upper gastrointestinal tract biopsies of patients with evidence of gastric stasis....
Sarcina is a Gram-positive anaerobic coccus that has been consistently reported in the upper gastrointestinal tract biopsies of patients with evidence of gastric stasis. The pathogenic role of Sarcina in humans is not entirely known. We describe an infant who was surgically treated for posterior urethral valve and the urine showed pathogenic Sarcina.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Ciprofloxacin; Drug Therapy, Combination; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Humans; Infant; Male; Metronidazole; Sarcina; Treatment Outcome; Urethra; Urinary Tract Infections; Vesico-Ureteral Reflux
PubMed: 27737866
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2016-216991