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Medicine and Science in Sports and... Oct 2022Metabolomics identifies molecular products produced in response to numerous stimuli, including both adaptive (includes exercise training) and disease processes. We...
PURPOSE
Metabolomics identifies molecular products produced in response to numerous stimuli, including both adaptive (includes exercise training) and disease processes. We analyzed a longitudinal cohort of American-style football (ASF) athletes, who reliably acquire maladaptive cardiovascular (CV) phenotypes during competitive training, with high-resolution metabolomics to determine whether metabolomics can discriminate exercise-induced CV adaptations from early CV pathology.
METHODS
Matched discovery ( n = 42) and validation ( n = 40) multicenter cohorts of collegiate freshman ASF athletes were studied with longitudinal echocardiography, applanation tonometry, and high-resolution metabolomics. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry identified metabolites that changed ( P < 0.05, false discovery rate <0.2) over the season. Metabolites demonstrating similar changes in both cohorts were further analyzed in linear and mixed-effects models to identify those associated with left ventricular mass, tissue-Doppler myocardial E ' velocity (diastolic function), and arterial function (pulse wave velocity).
RESULTS
In both cohorts, 20 common metabolites changed similarly across the season. Metabolites reflective of favorable CV health included an increase in arginine and decreases in hypoxanthine and saturated fatty acids (heptadecanoate, arachidic acid, stearate, and hydroxydecanoate). In contrast, metabolic perturbations of increased lysine and pipecolate, reflective of adverse CV health, were also observed. Adjusting for player position, race, height, and changes in systolic blood pressure, weight, and pulse wave velocity, increased lysine ( β = 0.018, P = 0.02) and pipecolate ( β = 0.018, P = 0.02) were associated with increased left ventricular mass index. In addition, increased lysine ( β = -0.049, P = 0.01) and pipecolate ( β = -0.052, P = 0.008) were also associated with lower E ' (reduced diastolic function).
CONCLUSIONS
ASF athletes seem to develop metabolomic changes reflective of both favorable CV health and early CV maladaptive phenotypes. Whether metabolomics can discriminate early pathologic CV transformations among athletes is a warranted future research direction.
Topics: Arginine; Athletes; Eicosanoic Acids; Football; Humans; Hypoxanthines; Lysine; Pulse Wave Analysis; Stearates; Ventricular Function, Left
PubMed: 35617604
DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000002960 -
General Psychiatry 2022Disrupted white matter (WM) microstructure has been commonly identified in youth at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis. Several lines of evidence suggest that fatty...
BACKGROUND
Disrupted white matter (WM) microstructure has been commonly identified in youth at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis. Several lines of evidence suggest that fatty acids, especially unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs), might play a crucial role in the WM pathology of early onset psychosis. However, evidence linking UFA and WM microstructure in CHR is quite sparse.
AIMS
We investigated the relationship between the plasma UFA level and WM microstructure in CHR participants and healthy controls (HC).
METHODS
Plasma fatty acids were assessed and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data were performed with tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) analysis for 66 individuals at CHR for psychosis and 70 HC.
RESULTS
Both the global and regional diffusion measures showed significant between-group differences, with decreased fractional anisotropy (FA) but increased mean diffusivity (MD) and radial diffusivity (RD) found in the CHR group compared with the HC group. On top of that, we found that in the HC group, plasma arachidic acid showed obvious trend-level associations with higher global FA, lower global MD and lower global RD, which regionally spread over the corpus callosum, right anterior and superior corona radiata, bilateral anterior and posterior limb of the internal capsule, and bilateral superior longitudinal fasciculus. However, there were no associations between global WM measures and any UFA in the CHR group. Conversely, we even found negative associations between arachidic acid levels and regional FA values in the right superior longitudinal fasciculus and right retrolenticular part of the internal capsule in the CHR group.
CONCLUSIONS
Compared with the HC group, CHR subjects exhibited a different pattern of association between WM microstructure and plasma UFA, with a neuroprotective effect found in the HC group but not in the CHR group. Such discrepancy could be due to the excessively upregulated UFAs accumulated in the plasma of the CHR group, highlighting the role of balanced plasma-membrane fatty acids homeostasis in WM development.
PubMed: 35531577
DOI: 10.1136/gpsych-2021-100703 -
Animal Bioscience Oct 2022The objective of this study was to identify polymorphism in olfactomedin like 3 (OLFML3) gene, and association analysis with meat quality, carcass characteristics,...
Association study and expression analysis of olfactomedin like 3 gene related to meat quality, carcass characteristics, retail meat cut, and fatty acid composition in sheep.
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study was to identify polymorphism in olfactomedin like 3 (OLFML3) gene, and association analysis with meat quality, carcass characteristics, retail meat cut, and fatty acid composition in sheep, and expression quantification of OLFML3 gene in phenotypically divergent sheep.
METHODS
A total of 328 rams at the age of 10 to 12 months with an average body weight of 26.13 kg were used. A novel polymorphism was identified using high-throughput sequencing in sheep and genotyping of OLFML3 polymorphism was performed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Among 328 rams, 100 rams representing various sheep genotypes were used for association study and proc general linear model was used to analyse association between genotypes and phenotypic traits. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used for the expression analysis of OLFML3 mRNA in phenotypically divergent sheep population.
RESULTS
The findings revealed a novel polymorphism in the OLFML3 gene (g.90317673 C>T). The OLFML3 gene revealed three genotypes: CC, CT, and TT. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was found to be significantly (p<0.05) associated with meat quality traits such as tenderness and cooking loss; carcass characteristics such as carcass length; retail meat cut such as pelvic fat in leg, intramuscular fat in loin and tenderloin, muscle in flank and shank; fatty acids composition such as tridecanoic acid (C13:0), palmitoleic acid (C16:1), heptadecanoic acid (C17:0), ginkgolic acid (C17:1), linolenic acid (C18:3n3), arachidic acid (C20:0), eicosenoic acid (C20:1), arachidonic acid (C20:4n6), heneicosylic acid (C21:0), and nervonic acid (C24:1). The TT genotype was associated with higher level of meat quality, carcass characteristics, retail meat cut, and some fatty acids composition. However, the mRNA expression analysis was not different among genotypes.
CONCLUSION
The OLFML3 gene could be a potential putative candidate for selecting higher quality sheep meat, carcass characteristics, retail meat cuts, and fatty acid composition in sheep.
PubMed: 35507851
DOI: 10.5713/ab.21.0406 -
Frontiers in Nutrition 2022The effect of the mode of neonatal delivery (cesarean or vaginal) on the nutrient composition of human milk (HM) has rarely been studied. Given the increasing prevalence...
BACKGROUND
The effect of the mode of neonatal delivery (cesarean or vaginal) on the nutrient composition of human milk (HM) has rarely been studied. Given the increasing prevalence of cesarean section (C-section) globally, understanding the impact of C-section vs. vaginal delivery on the nutrient composition of HM is fundamental when HM is the preferred source of infant food during the first 4 postnatal months.
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to evaluate the association between mode of delivery and nutrient composition of HM in the first 4 months of life.
DESIGN
Milk samples were obtained from 317 healthy lactating mothers as part of an exploratory analyses within a multicenter European longitudinal cohort (ATLAS cohort) to study the HM composition, and its potential association with the mode of delivery. We employed traditional mixed models to study individual nutrient associations adjusted for mother's country, infant birth weight, parity, and gestational age, and complemented it, for the first time, with a multidimensional data analyses approach (non-negative tensor factorization, NTF) to examine holistically how patterns of multiple nutrients and changes over time are associated with the delivery mode.
RESULTS
Over the first 4 months, nutrient profiles in the milk of mothers who delivered vaginally ( = 237) showed significantly higher levels of palmitoleic acid (16:1n-7), stearic acid (18:0), oleic acid (18:1n-9), arachidic acid (20:0), alpha-linolenic acid (18:3n-3), eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3), docosahexenoic acid (22:6n-3), erucic acid (22:1n-9), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA)%, calcium, and phosphorus, whereas the ratios of arachidonic acid/docosahexaenoic acid (ARA/DHA) and n-6/n-3, as well as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)% were higher in milk from women who had C-sections, in the unadjusted analyses ( < 0.05 for all), but did not retain significance when adjusted for confounders in the mixed models. Using a complementary multidimension data analyses approach (NTF), we show few similar patterns wherein a group of mothers with a high density of C-sections showed increased values for PUFA%, n-6/n-3, and ARA/DHA ratios, but decreased values of MUFA%, 20:1n-9, iodine, and fucosyl-sialyl-lacto-N-tetraose 2 during the first 4 months of lactation.
CONCLUSION
Our data provide preliminary insights on differences in concentrations of several HM nutrients (predominantly fatty acids) among women who delivered C-section. Although these effects tend to disappear after adjustment for confounders, given the similar patterns observed using two different data analytical approaches, these preliminary findings warrant further confirmation and additional insight on the biological and clinical effects related to such differences early in life.
PubMed: 35464009
DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.834394 -
BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth Mar 2022Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as impaired glucose tolerance in pregnancy and without a history of diabetes mellitus. While there are limited metabolomic...
BACKGROUND
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as impaired glucose tolerance in pregnancy and without a history of diabetes mellitus. While there are limited metabolomic studies involving advanced maternal age in China, we aim to investigate the metabolomic profiling of plasma and urine in pregnancies complicated with GDM aged at 35-40 years at early and late gestation.
METHODS
Twenty normal and 20 GDM pregnant participants (≥ 35 years old) were enlisted from the Complex Lipids in Mothers and Babies (CLIMB) study. Maternal plasma and urine collected at the first and third trimester were detected using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).
RESULTS
One hundred sixty-five metabolites and 192 metabolites were found in plasma and urine respectively. Urine metabolomic profiles were incapable to distinguish GDM from controls, in comparison, there were 14 and 39 significantly different plasma metabolites between the two groups in first and third trimester respectively. Especially, by integrating seven metabolites including cysteine, malonic acid, alanine, 11,14-eicosadienoic acid, stearic acid, arachidic acid, and 2-methyloctadecanoic acid using multivariant receiver operating characteristic models, we were capable of discriminating GDM from normal pregnancies with an area under curve of 0.928 at first trimester.
CONCLUSION
This study explores metabolomic profiles between GDM and normal pregnancies at the age of 35-40 years longitudinally. Several compounds have the potential to be biomarkers to predict GDM with advanced maternal age. Moreover, the discordant metabolome profiles between the two groups could be useful to understand the etiology of GDM with advanced maternal age.
Topics: Adult; Case-Control Studies; China; Diabetes, Gestational; Female; Humans; Maternal Age; Metabolome; Metabolomics; Plasma; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Trimester, First; Pregnancy Trimester, Third; Prospective Studies; ROC Curve
PubMed: 35236326
DOI: 10.1186/s12884-022-04416-5 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2022Vitiligo is a depigmented skin disorder caused by a variety of factors, including autoimmune, metabolic disturbance or their combined effect, etc. Non-targeted...
Vitiligo is a depigmented skin disorder caused by a variety of factors, including autoimmune, metabolic disturbance or their combined effect, etc. Non-targeted metabolomic analyses have denoted that dysregulated fatty acids metabolic pathways are involved in the pathogenesis of vitiligo. However, the exact category of fatty acids that participate in vitiligo development and how they functionally affect CD8 T cells remain undefined. We aimed to determine the difference in specific fatty acids among vitiligo patients and healthy individuals and to investigate their association with clinical features in patients with vitiligo. Serum levels of fatty acids in 48 vitiligo patients and 28 healthy individuals were quantified by performing ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Univariate and multivariate analyses were carried out to evaluate the significance of differences. Moreover, flow cytometry was used to explore the effect of indicated fatty acids on the function of CD8 T cells derived from patients with vitiligo. We demonstrated that serological level of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) was markedly upregulated, while that of arachidonic acid (ARA), arachidic acid (AA) and behenic acid were significantly downregulated in patients with vitiligo. Moreover, ALA levels were positively associated with vitiligo area scoring index (VASI) and ARA was a probable biomarker for vitiligo. We also revealed that supplementation with ARA or nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) could suppress the function of CD8 T cells. Our results showed that vitiligo serum has disorder-specific phenotype profiles of fatty acids described by dysregulated metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Supplementation with ARA or NDGA might promote vitiligo treatment. These findings provide novel insights into vitiligo pathogenesis that might add to therapeutic options.
Topics: Arachidonic Acid; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Fatty Acids; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; Humans; Metabolomics; Vitiligo
PubMed: 35222431
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.839167 -
Biology Jan 2022Interferon-alpha-16 (IFNA16) and tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 19 (TNFRSF19) are cytokines that may play a role in adipogenesis and fatness. Single...
Interferon-alpha-16 (IFNA16) and tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 19 (TNFRSF19) are cytokines that may play a role in adipogenesis and fatness. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the porcine and genes were verified and their association with intramuscular fat (IMF) content and fatty acid (FA) composition were evaluated in commercial crossbred pigs. Two non-synonymous SNPs of the porcine c.413G > A and c.860G > C loci were detected in commercial crossbred pigs. The porcine c.413G >A polymorphism was significantly associated with stearic acid, total saturated FAs (SFAs), and the ratio of monounsaturated FAs (MUFAs) to SFAs ( < 0.05). Furthermore, the porcine c.860G > C polymorphism was found to be significantly associated with IMF content and arachidic acid levels ( < 0.05). The results revealed that porcine and polymorphisms are related to IMF content and/or FA composition and affirmed the importance of these cytokine genes as potential candidate genes for lipid deposition and FA composition in the muscle tissue of pigs.
PubMed: 35053107
DOI: 10.3390/biology11010109 -
Current Opinion in Lipidology Feb 2022In contrast to other saturated fatty acids, very long-chain saturated fatty acids (VLSFAs) have received limited attention The purpose of this review is to summarize the... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
In contrast to other saturated fatty acids, very long-chain saturated fatty acids (VLSFAs) have received limited attention The purpose of this review is to summarize the associations of VLSFAs, including arachidic acid, behenic acid, and lignoceric acid, with cardiovascular disease outcomes and type 2 diabetes; to discuss the findings implications; and to call for future studies of the VLSFAs.
RECENT FINDINGS
Increased levels of circulating VLSFAs have been found associated with lower risks of incident heart failure, atrial fibrillation, coronary heart disease, mortality, sudden cardiac arrest, type 2 diabetes, and with better aging. The VLSFA associations are paralleled by associations of plasma ceramide and sphingomyelin species carrying a VLSFA with lower risks of heart failure, atrial fibrillation, and mortality, suggesting VLSFAs affect the biological activity of ceramides and sphingomyelins thereby impacting health. For diabetes, there is no such parallel and the associations of VLSFAs with diabetes may be confounded or mediated by triglyceride and circulating palmitic acid, possible biomarkers of de novo lipogenesis.
SUMMARY
In many ways, the epidemiology has preceded our knowledge of VLSFAs biology. We hope this review will spur interest from the research community in further studying these potentially beneficial fatty acids.
Topics: Atrial Fibrillation; Cardiovascular Diseases; Ceramides; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fatty Acids; Heart Failure; Humans
PubMed: 34907969
DOI: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000806 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2021The main objective of this study was to incorporate soy-based textured vegetable protein (TVP) into beef patties in different quantities (10-40%) and compare various...
The main objective of this study was to incorporate soy-based textured vegetable protein (TVP) into beef patties in different quantities (10-40%) and compare various characteristics of these innovative formulations with a regular beef patty as a control. Incorporation of 10-40% TVP resulted in significantly lower ( < 0.05) moisture and fat contents, while higher crude fiber contents were detected compared to beef as the control. In addition, cooked patties showed higher pH levels ( < 0.05), with color coordinates expressing lighter, yellowish, and slightly redder indices than raw patties. Similarly, a plant protein that includes TVP minimizes ( < 0.05) WHC (water holding capacity), both RW% (release water) and CL% (cooking loss). Furthermore, hardness, cohesiveness, and thickness were reduced significantly ( < 0.05), while gumminess and chewiness increased ( < 0.05) considerably with the substitution of TVP (10-40%) compared to the control. Patties made without TVP received higher scores for sourness, bitterness, umami, and richness than the rest of the formulations. However, a higher tendency was detected for sourness, astringency, umami, and saltiness values with increasing additions of TVP. Nevertheless, hierarchical clustering revealed that the largest group of fatty acid profiles, including palmitoleic acid (C16:1), stearic acid (C18:0), and palmitic acid (C16:0), was slightly reduced with the addition of TVP, while arachidic acid (C20:0), lauric acid (C12:0), and oleic acid (C18:1) increased moderately with increasing levels of TVP. Meanwhile, the second-largest cluster that included linoleic acid (C18:2), arachidonic acid (C20:4), and linolenic acid (C18:3) increased enormously with higher levels of TVP incorporation. Taken together, it is suggested that incorporation of TVP up to 10-40% in beef patties shows promising results.
PubMed: 34829092
DOI: 10.3390/foods10112811 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2021The effects of the different feeding systems, graze feeding (GSF), time-limited graze feeding (GF), and stall-feeding (SF)) on the fatty acid content, metabolites, and...
The effects of the different feeding systems, graze feeding (GSF), time-limited graze feeding (GF), and stall-feeding (SF)) on the fatty acid content, metabolites, and genes expression of the () in Tan lambs were investigated in the present study. Thirty-nine 4-month-old male Tan lambs with similar body weight (24.91 ± 1.74 kg) were selected and divided into the three feeding systems ( = 13) randomly. Lambs were slaughtered after 83 days of the feeding trails, and muscle samples were collected for further analysis. The results indicated that different feeding systems have no significant effect on short-chain fatty acids in Tan lambs ( > 0.05). However, the total saturated fatty acids (∑SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (∑MUFA) in the GSF and GF groups were lower than those in the SF group ( < 0.001). The total polyunsaturated fatty acids (∑PUFA) in the GSF group were higher than those in the GF and SF groups ( < 0.001). Moreover, in the comparison of both GF vs GSF groups and SF vs GSF groups, metabolomic analysis showed that metabolites such as cis-(6,9,12)-linolenic acid, arachidic acid, acetylcarnitine, and L-carnitine with lower concentration were significantly enriched in the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acid pathway ( < 0.05), but metabolites such as phosphorylcholine, glycerophosphocholine, cytidine 5'-diphosphocholine, and glycerol-3-phosphate with higher concentrations were enriched in the glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway. KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) analysis of the results indicated that in the comparison of the GSF group with the SF group, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) such as , , , , , and , were enriched in the steroid biosynthesis and cholesterol metabolism pathways. In addition, differential metabolites and genes showed a significant correlation with the content of ∑SFA, ∑MUFA, and ∑PUFA in lamb meat ( < 0.05). These findings demonstrated that the feeding system was an important factor in regulating fatty acid content by affecting lipid-metabolism-related metabolites and gene expression in muscle, and graze-feeding system provided lamb meat with higher ∑PUFA content than time-limited-grazing and stall-feeding systems.
PubMed: 34828897
DOI: 10.3390/foods10112612