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Microorganisms Sep 2023Paracoccidioidomycosis ceti (PCM-C) is a chronic granulomatous keloidal dermatitis in cetaceans that has been reported worldwide and is caused by . Serological...
Paracoccidioidomycosis ceti (PCM-C) is a chronic granulomatous keloidal dermatitis in cetaceans that has been reported worldwide and is caused by . Serological cross-reactions among highly pathogenic fungal infections and related diseases have been reported. However, the true cross-reaction of antibodies against has remained unknown due to the use of positive control sera from infected dolphins. This study aimed to re-evaluate antibodies from mechanically dislodged fungal cells in the infected tissue of a PCM-C case and demonstrate the actual cross-reaction. The results revealed a limited cross-reaction between PCM-C and paracoccidioidomycosis, while the antibodies did not react with other pathogens such as , , and . Thus, the method for evaluation of the antibody against PCM-C is reliable, and there is potential for epidemiological study.
PubMed: 37894086
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102428 -
Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland) Feb 2023The incidence of invasive sino-pulmonary diseases due to non- hyaline molds is increasing due to an enlarging and evolving population of immunosuppressed hosts as well... (Review)
Review
The incidence of invasive sino-pulmonary diseases due to non- hyaline molds is increasing due to an enlarging and evolving population of immunosuppressed hosts as well as improvements in the capabilities of molecular-based diagnostics. Herein, we review the following opportunistic pathogens known to cause sinopulmonary disease, the most common manifestation of hyalohyphomycosis: spp., spp., , spp., spp., spp., , , species complex, , and species. To facilitate an understanding of the epidemiology and clinical features of sino-pulmonary hyalohyphomycoses in the context of host immune impairment, we utilized a host-based approach encompassing the following underlying conditions: neutropenia, hematologic malignancy, hematopoietic and solid organ transplantation, chronic granulomatous disease, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, cystic fibrosis, and healthy individuals who sustain burns, trauma, or iatrogenic exposures. We further summarize the pre-clinical and clinical data informing antifungal management for each pathogen and consider the role of adjunctive surgery and/or immunomodulatory treatments to optimize patient outcome.
PubMed: 36836326
DOI: 10.3390/jof9020212 -
Journal of Microbiology, Immunology,... Oct 2022To our knowledge, this study represents the first demonstration of Arthrographis kalrae biofilm formation in vitro by scanning electron microscopy and the distinct...
To our knowledge, this study represents the first demonstration of Arthrographis kalrae biofilm formation in vitro by scanning electron microscopy and the distinct cytotoxic activity between planktonic and biofilm extracts on RAW 264.7 cell line. Higher activity was observed with biofilm. It could impact host immune response, that require furthers study.
Topics: Humans; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Ascomycota; Biofilms; Plant Extracts
PubMed: 34836818
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2021.11.002 -
IMA Fungus Mar 2021Since its resurrection, the resinicolous discomycete genus Sarea has been accepted as containing two species, one with black apothecia and pycnidia, and one with orange....
Since its resurrection, the resinicolous discomycete genus Sarea has been accepted as containing two species, one with black apothecia and pycnidia, and one with orange. We investigate this hypothesis using three ribosomal (nuITS, nuLSU, mtSSU) regions from and morphological examination of 70 specimens collected primarily in Europe and North America. The results of our analyses support separation of the traditional Sarea difformis s.lat. and Sarea resinae s.lat. into two distinct genera, Sarea and Zythia. Sarea as circumscribed is shown to conservatively comprise three phylospecies, with one corresponding to Sarea difformis s.str. and two, morphologically indistinguishable, corresponding to the newly combined Sarea coeloplata. Zythia is provisionally maintained as monotypic, containing only a genetically and morphologically variable Z. resinae. The new genus Atrozythia is erected for the new species A. klamathica. Arthrographis lignicola is placed in this genus on molecular grounds, expanding the concept of Sareomycetes by inclusion of a previously unknown type of asexual morph. Dating analyses using additional marker regions indicate the emergence of the Sareomycetes was roughly concurrent with the diversification of the genus Pinus, suggesting that this group of fungi emerged to exploit the newly-available resinous ecological niche supplied by Pinus or another, extinct group of conifers. Our phylogeographic studies also permitted us to study the introductions of these fungi to areas where they are not native, including Antarctica, Cape Verde, and New Zealand and are consistent with historical hypotheses of introduction.
PubMed: 33726866
DOI: 10.1186/s43008-021-00056-0 -
Fungal Systematics and Evolution Dec 2020The Genera of Fungi series, of which this is the sixth contribution, links type species of fungal genera to their morphology and DNA sequence data. Five genera of...
The Genera of Fungi series, of which this is the sixth contribution, links type species of fungal genera to their morphology and DNA sequence data. Five genera of microfungi are treated in this study, with new species introduced in , , and . The genus is emended and two new species and nine combinations are proposed. , the type species of the genus, is provided with DNA sequence data for first time and shown to be a member of (). is introduced as a new genus representing a new lineage in the .
PubMed: 32904189
DOI: 10.3114/fuse.2020.06.01 -
Biomolecules May 2020has been considered as the major etiological agent of dental caries, mostly due to its arsenal of virulence factors, including strong biofilm formation,...
has been considered as the major etiological agent of dental caries, mostly due to its arsenal of virulence factors, including strong biofilm formation, exopolysaccharides production, and high acid production. Here, we present the antivirulence activity of fatty acids derived from the endophytic fungus isolated from against . The chemical composition of the fatty acids was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry GC-MS and revealed nine compounds representing 99.6% of fatty acids, where unsaturated and saturated fatty acids formed 93.8% and 5.8 % respectively. Oleic and linoleic acids were the major unsaturated fatty acids. Noteworthy, the fatty acids at the concentration of 31.3 mg L completely inhibited biofilm, and water insoluble extracellular polysaccharide production in both polystyrene plates, and tooth model assay using saliva-coated hydroxyapatite discs. Inhibition of biofilm correlated significantly and positively with the inhibition of water insoluble extracellular polysaccharide (R=1, <0.0001). Furthermore, fatty acids at a concentration of 7.8 mg L exhibited acidogenesis-mitigation activity. They did not show bactericidal activity against and cytotoxic activity against human oral fibroblast cells at the concentration used. On the other hand, saliva-coated hydroxyapatite discs treated with sub-minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration of fatty acids showed disturbed biofilm architecture with a few unequally distributed clumped matrices using fluorescence microscopy. Our findings revealed that the intracellular fatty acid arrays derived from endophytic could contribute to the biofilm-preventing alternatives, specifically biofilms.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Ascomycota; Biofilms; Biological Products; Cells, Cultured; Coriandrum; Endophytes; Fatty Acids; Fibroblasts; Humans; Streptococcus mutans
PubMed: 32466324
DOI: 10.3390/biom10050811 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2019Reductive soil disinfestation (RSD) has recently attracted much attention owing to its effectiveness for controlling pathogens. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the...
Reductive soil disinfestation (RSD) has recently attracted much attention owing to its effectiveness for controlling pathogens. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of different C/N substrates on RSD and to explore the changes in microbial community structure during RSD treatment. The experimental set up included 10 groups, as follows: CK, without substrates; RSD treatments with alfalfa ()[AL], maize () straw [MS], and rice ( L.) straw [RS], with three levels of addition (0.5% [L], 2% [M], and 5% [H]), yielding ALL, ALM, ALH, MSL, MSM, MSH, RSL, RSM, and RSH groups. Compared with CK, RSD treatments significantly increased the content of -N, and effectively eliminated the accumulated -N in the soil. The relative abundances of organic acid producers, including , , and , in all RSD groups were significantly higher than those in the CK by day 21. Moreover, on day 21, and in all RSD groups were significantly lower than those in the CK. In summary, RSD treatments clearly increased the relative abundances of organic acid generators and effectively inhibited pathogens; however, when the C/N was too low and the amount of addition too high, ammonia poisoning and rapid growth of some microorganisms (e.g., and ) may occur.
PubMed: 31921033
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02851 -
Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia 2020We describe a case of keratomycosis caused by Arthographis kalrae after excimer laser keratomileusis. A 38-year-old female developed stromal keratitis eight weeks after...
We describe a case of keratomycosis caused by Arthographis kalrae after excimer laser keratomileusis. A 38-year-old female developed stromal keratitis eight weeks after refractive surgery. She developed severe corneal stromal infiltration and mild anterior segment inflammation, which could not be treated with topical voriconazole 1%, but topical natamycin 5% ameliorated her condition. A reactivation of keratomycosis symptoms was observed; therefore, longer treatment was administered to the patient. It has been reported that A. kalrae keratomycosis is associated with exposure to soil and contact lens usage. However, the patient, who lived in a rural location, was neither involved in gardening activities nor had a history of wearing contact lenses. This is the first case of post-refractive A. kalrae keratomycosis.
Topics: Adult; Ascomycota; Eye Infections, Fungal; Female; Humans; Keratitis; Keratomileusis, Laser In Situ; Natamycin; Voriconazole
PubMed: 31531550
DOI: 10.5935/0004-2749.20200004 -
Journal of Cystic Fibrosis : Official... Nov 2019Respiratory infections are a major threat to cystic fibrosis patients. Besides bacteria, many fungi colonize the cystic fibrosis respiratory tract where an important...
Respiratory infections are a major threat to cystic fibrosis patients. Besides bacteria, many fungi colonize the cystic fibrosis respiratory tract where an important fungal biota has been described. We report here the case of a 7-year-old cystic fibrosis child with pulmonary exacerbation and Arthrographis kalrae isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of lung infection due to Arhtrographis kalrae in a cystic fibrosis pediatric patient.
Topics: Antifungal Agents; Ascomycota; Bronchoalveolar Lavage; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Child; Cystic Fibrosis; Humans; Itraconazole; Lung; Lung Diseases, Fungal; Male; Respiratory Function Tests; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 31300282
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2019.06.015 -
Archivos Argentinos de Pediatria Dec 2017Arthrographis kalrae is a hyaline fungus that grows forming arthroconidia. It is an opportunistic pathogen that causes infections in immunocompromised as in...
BACKGROUND
Arthrographis kalrae is a hyaline fungus that grows forming arthroconidia. It is an opportunistic pathogen that causes infections in immunocompromised as in immunocompetent people and has been rarely isolated from human clinical samples.
CASE REPORT
We describe the case of a male child with primary immunodeficiency who initially presented unilateral pneumonia and progressed to bilateral involvement despite antibiotic, antifungal treatment. A. kalrae was diagnosed by pulmonary biopsy. He received posaconazole with resolution of disease.
CONCLUSIONS
This is the first case of A. kalrae pulmonary infection in a pediatric patient with chronic granulomatous disease in Argentina.
Topics: Ascomycota; Child, Preschool; Granulomatous Disease, Chronic; Humans; Lung Diseases, Fungal; Male; Mycoses
PubMed: 29087135
DOI: 10.5546/aap.2017.e458