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Persoonia Jun 2014Numerous members of Ascomycota and Basidiomycota produce only poorly differentiated arthroconidial asexual morphs in culture. These arthroconidial fungi are grouped in...
Numerous members of Ascomycota and Basidiomycota produce only poorly differentiated arthroconidial asexual morphs in culture. These arthroconidial fungi are grouped in genera where the asexual-sexual connections and their taxonomic circumscription are poorly known. In the present study we explored the phylogenetic relationships of two of these ascomycetous genera, Arthrographis and Arthropsis. Analysis of D1/D2 sequences of all species of both genera revealed that both are polyphyletic, with species being accommodated in different orders and classes. Because genetic variability was detected among reference strains and fresh isolates resembling the genus Arthrographis, we carried out a detailed phenotypic and phylogenetic analysis based on sequence data of the ITS region, actin and chitin synthase genes. Based on these results, four new species are recognised, namely Arthrographis chlamydospora, A. curvata, A. globosa and A. longispora. Arthrographis chlamydospora is distinguished by its cerebriform colonies, branched conidiophores, cuboid arthroconidia and terminal or intercalary globose to subglobose chlamydospores. Arthrographis curvata produced both sexual and asexual morphs, and is characterised by navicular ascospores and dimorphic conidia, namely cylindrical arthroconidia and curved, cashewnut-shaped conidia formed laterally on vegetative hyphae. Arthrographis globosa produced membranous colonies, but is mainly characterised by doliiform to globose arthroconidia. Arthrographis longispora also produces membranous colonies, but has poorly differentiated conidiophores and long arthroconidia. Morphological variants are described for A. kalrae and our results also revealed that Eremomyces langeronii and A. kalrae, traditionally considered the sexual and asexual morphs of the same species, are not conspecific.
PubMed: 25264385
DOI: 10.3767/003158514X680207 -
IMA Fungus Mar 2021Since its resurrection, the resinicolous discomycete genus Sarea has been accepted as containing two species, one with black apothecia and pycnidia, and one with orange....
Since its resurrection, the resinicolous discomycete genus Sarea has been accepted as containing two species, one with black apothecia and pycnidia, and one with orange. We investigate this hypothesis using three ribosomal (nuITS, nuLSU, mtSSU) regions from and morphological examination of 70 specimens collected primarily in Europe and North America. The results of our analyses support separation of the traditional Sarea difformis s.lat. and Sarea resinae s.lat. into two distinct genera, Sarea and Zythia. Sarea as circumscribed is shown to conservatively comprise three phylospecies, with one corresponding to Sarea difformis s.str. and two, morphologically indistinguishable, corresponding to the newly combined Sarea coeloplata. Zythia is provisionally maintained as monotypic, containing only a genetically and morphologically variable Z. resinae. The new genus Atrozythia is erected for the new species A. klamathica. Arthrographis lignicola is placed in this genus on molecular grounds, expanding the concept of Sareomycetes by inclusion of a previously unknown type of asexual morph. Dating analyses using additional marker regions indicate the emergence of the Sareomycetes was roughly concurrent with the diversification of the genus Pinus, suggesting that this group of fungi emerged to exploit the newly-available resinous ecological niche supplied by Pinus or another, extinct group of conifers. Our phylogeographic studies also permitted us to study the introductions of these fungi to areas where they are not native, including Antarctica, Cape Verde, and New Zealand and are consistent with historical hypotheses of introduction.
PubMed: 33726866
DOI: 10.1186/s43008-021-00056-0 -
Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland) Feb 2023The incidence of invasive sino-pulmonary diseases due to non- hyaline molds is increasing due to an enlarging and evolving population of immunosuppressed hosts as well... (Review)
Review
The incidence of invasive sino-pulmonary diseases due to non- hyaline molds is increasing due to an enlarging and evolving population of immunosuppressed hosts as well as improvements in the capabilities of molecular-based diagnostics. Herein, we review the following opportunistic pathogens known to cause sinopulmonary disease, the most common manifestation of hyalohyphomycosis: spp., spp., , spp., spp., spp., , , species complex, , and species. To facilitate an understanding of the epidemiology and clinical features of sino-pulmonary hyalohyphomycoses in the context of host immune impairment, we utilized a host-based approach encompassing the following underlying conditions: neutropenia, hematologic malignancy, hematopoietic and solid organ transplantation, chronic granulomatous disease, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, cystic fibrosis, and healthy individuals who sustain burns, trauma, or iatrogenic exposures. We further summarize the pre-clinical and clinical data informing antifungal management for each pathogen and consider the role of adjunctive surgery and/or immunomodulatory treatments to optimize patient outcome.
PubMed: 36836326
DOI: 10.3390/jof9020212 -
Journal of Microbiology, Immunology,... Oct 2022To our knowledge, this study represents the first demonstration of Arthrographis kalrae biofilm formation in vitro by scanning electron microscopy and the distinct...
To our knowledge, this study represents the first demonstration of Arthrographis kalrae biofilm formation in vitro by scanning electron microscopy and the distinct cytotoxic activity between planktonic and biofilm extracts on RAW 264.7 cell line. Higher activity was observed with biofilm. It could impact host immune response, that require furthers study.
Topics: Humans; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Ascomycota; Biofilms; Plant Extracts
PubMed: 34836818
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2021.11.002 -
Medical Mycology Case Reports Dec 2016is a hyalin fungus. It is a saprophyte of the environment, mainly found in soil and compost. In recent years, cases of opportunistic infections attributed to this...
is a hyalin fungus. It is a saprophyte of the environment, mainly found in soil and compost. In recent years, cases of opportunistic infections attributed to this pathogen have been described. Our patient was a 19-year-old woman with cystic fibrosis. She presented a bacterial and fungal pulmonary colonization with and After her lung transplantation, she developed an fungemia, treated with caspofungin 50 mg/day associated to liposomal amphotericin B i.v. 3 mg/kg/day. The patient died 8 months after her transplantation as the result of a bacterial septic shock.
PubMed: 27995052
DOI: 10.1016/j.mmcr.2016.11.002 -
Fungal Systematics and Evolution Dec 2020The Genera of Fungi series, of which this is the sixth contribution, links type species of fungal genera to their morphology and DNA sequence data. Five genera of...
The Genera of Fungi series, of which this is the sixth contribution, links type species of fungal genera to their morphology and DNA sequence data. Five genera of microfungi are treated in this study, with new species introduced in , , and . The genus is emended and two new species and nine combinations are proposed. , the type species of the genus, is provided with DNA sequence data for first time and shown to be a member of (). is introduced as a new genus representing a new lineage in the .
PubMed: 32904189
DOI: 10.3114/fuse.2020.06.01 -
Journal of Orthopaedics Oct 2015A 33-year-old male presents following a penetrating injury to his right knee. Clinically he demonstrated pain, an effusion and fevers. At diagnostic arthroscopy, no...
A 33-year-old male presents following a penetrating injury to his right knee. Clinically he demonstrated pain, an effusion and fevers. At diagnostic arthroscopy, no microbiological growth was cultured. Delayed growth yielded the fungus Arthrographis kalrae. He was treated with a three-stage total knee arthroplasty. The first stage consisted of soft tissue debridement. The second stage involved femoral and tibial osteotomies and insertion of antifungal-impregnated cement spacers. Definitive total knee joint prosthesis were implanted during stage three. At 2 years follow up, he demonstrated a pain free range of motion and has returned to competitive tennis. To the authors' knowledge this is the first report implicating A. kalrae as an invasive pathogen of the knee in an immunocompetent host.
PubMed: 26719609
DOI: 10.1016/j.jor.2013.12.004 -
Biomolecules May 2020has been considered as the major etiological agent of dental caries, mostly due to its arsenal of virulence factors, including strong biofilm formation,...
has been considered as the major etiological agent of dental caries, mostly due to its arsenal of virulence factors, including strong biofilm formation, exopolysaccharides production, and high acid production. Here, we present the antivirulence activity of fatty acids derived from the endophytic fungus isolated from against . The chemical composition of the fatty acids was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry GC-MS and revealed nine compounds representing 99.6% of fatty acids, where unsaturated and saturated fatty acids formed 93.8% and 5.8 % respectively. Oleic and linoleic acids were the major unsaturated fatty acids. Noteworthy, the fatty acids at the concentration of 31.3 mg L completely inhibited biofilm, and water insoluble extracellular polysaccharide production in both polystyrene plates, and tooth model assay using saliva-coated hydroxyapatite discs. Inhibition of biofilm correlated significantly and positively with the inhibition of water insoluble extracellular polysaccharide (R=1, <0.0001). Furthermore, fatty acids at a concentration of 7.8 mg L exhibited acidogenesis-mitigation activity. They did not show bactericidal activity against and cytotoxic activity against human oral fibroblast cells at the concentration used. On the other hand, saliva-coated hydroxyapatite discs treated with sub-minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration of fatty acids showed disturbed biofilm architecture with a few unequally distributed clumped matrices using fluorescence microscopy. Our findings revealed that the intracellular fatty acid arrays derived from endophytic could contribute to the biofilm-preventing alternatives, specifically biofilms.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Ascomycota; Biofilms; Biological Products; Cells, Cultured; Coriandrum; Endophytes; Fatty Acids; Fibroblasts; Humans; Streptococcus mutans
PubMed: 32466324
DOI: 10.3390/biom10050811 -
Case Reports in Infectious Diseases 2013A 52-year-old man with diabetes developed a unilateral central corneal ulcer after accidental foreign body inoculation. He complained of pain and loss of visual acuity...
A 52-year-old man with diabetes developed a unilateral central corneal ulcer after accidental foreign body inoculation. He complained of pain and loss of visual acuity in the injured eye, which displayed redness and edema and eventually discharged pus. A corneal scraping from the left eye orbit revealed fungal elements, and cultures of the material grew a fungus. The isolate was identified as Arthrographis kalrae based on gross and microscopic morphologies. The patient received amphotericin B intravenously and itraconazole orally. The wound healed following surgical intervention, but the patient lost the use of his left eye.
PubMed: 24377053
DOI: 10.1155/2013/851875 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Oct 2004We present here the first case in the People's Republic of China of human disease caused by the fungus Arthrographis kalrae. The male patient had fungal panophthalmitis...
We present here the first case in the People's Republic of China of human disease caused by the fungus Arthrographis kalrae. The male patient had fungal panophthalmitis and invasive sinusitis involving the maxillary and ethmoid sinuses. He was an apparently healthy man before receiving trauma to his left eye. He complained of pain and loss of visual acuity in the injured eye, which displayed redness and edema and eventually discharged pus. His symptoms became more severe after he was treated with steroids and several antibacterial agents. A computed tomography scan of the left eye revealed that the maxillary and ethmoid sinuses were involved. A smear of purulent material from the left eye orbit revealed fungal elements, and cultures of the material grew a fungus. The isolate was identified as A. kalrae based on gross and microscopic morphologies, biochemical assays, and DNA sequence analysis. The patient received amphotericin B intravenously, itraconazole orally, and atomized allitridum by nebulizing allitridum therapy. The patient's wound healed following surgical intervention, but the patient lost the use of his left eye. This case should remind ophthalmologists and other clinicians to consider the possibility of infections being fungal when antibacterial agents have no effect and the patient's condition worsens.
Topics: Adult; Ascomycota; China; Ethmoid Sinusitis; Eye Infections, Fungal; Humans; Male; Maxillary Sinusitis; Molecular Sequence Data; Panophthalmitis; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 15472353
DOI: 10.1128/JCM.42.10.4828-4831.2004