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Endoscopy Dec 2023
Topics: Humans; Pylorus; Brunner Glands; Endoscopic Mucosal Resection; Hyperplasia; Immersion; Duodenal Diseases
PubMed: 37604443
DOI: 10.1055/a-2139-4068 -
Endoscopy Dec 2023
Topics: Humans; Brunner Glands; Duodenum; Laparoscopy
PubMed: 37604440
DOI: 10.1055/a-2134-9639 -
Endoscopy Dec 2023
Topics: Humans; Gastric Bypass; Brunner Glands; Hyperplasia; Duodenal Diseases; Stomach Diseases
PubMed: 37604435
DOI: 10.1055/a-2134-9501 -
NPJ Regenerative Medicine Aug 2023A network of co-hepato/pancreatic stem/progenitors exists in pigs and humans in Brunner's Glands in the submucosa of the duodenum, in peribiliary glands (PBGs) of...
A network of co-hepato/pancreatic stem/progenitors exists in pigs and humans in Brunner's Glands in the submucosa of the duodenum, in peribiliary glands (PBGs) of intrahepatic and extrahepatic biliary trees, and in pancreatic duct glands (PDGs) of intrapancreatic biliary trees, collectively supporting hepatic and pancreatic regeneration postnatally. The network is found in humans postnatally throughout life and, so far, has been demonstrated in pigs postnatally at least through to young adulthood. These stem/progenitors in vivo in pigs are in highest numbers in Brunner's Glands and in PDGs nearest the duodenum, and in humans are in Brunner's Glands and in PBGs in the hepato/pancreatic common duct, a duct missing postnatally in pigs. Elsewhere in PDGs in pigs and in all PDGs in humans are only committed unipotent or bipotent progenitors. Stem/progenitors have genetic signatures in liver/pancreas-related RNA-seq data based on correlation, hierarchical clustering, differential gene expression and principal component analyses (PCA). Gene expression includes representative traits of pluripotency genes (SOX2, OCT4), endodermal transcription factors (e.g. SOX9, SOX17, PDX1), other stem cell traits (e.g. NCAM, CD44, sodium iodide symporter or NIS), and proliferation biomarkers (Ki67). Hepato/pancreatic multipotentiality was demonstrated by the stem/progenitors' responses under distinct ex vivo conditions or in vivo when patch grafted as organoids onto the liver versus the pancreas. Therefore, pigs are logical hosts for translational/preclinical studies for cell therapies with these stem/progenitors for hepatic and pancreatic dysfunctions.
PubMed: 37528116
DOI: 10.1038/s41536-023-00303-5 -
Cureus Jul 2023Brunner's gland hyperplasia is an uncommon pathology from the duodenum and is believed to be associated with infection with . Patients commonly present with...
Brunner's gland hyperplasia is an uncommon pathology from the duodenum and is believed to be associated with infection with . Patients commonly present with gastrointestinal bleeding, nausea, or abdominal pain. However, obstruction is an unusual clinical finding. A 47-year-old male presented to the emergency department with complaints of recurrent emesis, epigastric pain, and cramping for three days. Medical history was significant for duodenitis and diverticulitis, but there had been no prior abdominal surgeries. Epigastric tenderness to palpation without rebound tenderness was present on physical examination, stool antigen was positive on admission, and treatment with triple therapy was initiated. Progressively the patient developed increasing emesis, with an associated cessation in flatus and bowel movements. On endoscopy, it was reported that the endoscope could not advance past the second portion of the duodenum. A nasogastric tube was placed for gastric decompression. Small bowel follow-through showed obstruction at the distal second duodenal segment. Bismuth quadruple therapy was initiated on day three. Push enteroscopy showed luminal narrowing and a transition point at the second duodenal segment with no identifiable mass or significant ulceration. Biopsy reports indicated Brunner's gland hyperplasia. By day seven, the patient reported increased bowel movements and flatus, with a resolution of his nausea and emesis, and the nasogastric tube was removed. The patient was discharged on day eight with outpatient prescriptions for quadruple therapy for six days. He was also instructed to follow up with the general surgery and gastroenterology teams for outpatient colonoscopy six weeks post-discharge and with his primary care physician (PCP) four weeks after completing quadruple therapy to ensure eradication. Studies have shown that were detected in most patients with Brunner's gland hyperplasia and may induce proliferation in Brunner's glands. Brunner's gland hyperplasia has a low incidence, with minimal cases reported. There is malignant potential but a low risk of progression into adenocarcinoma. Our case reinforces the idea that Brunner's gland hyperplasia should be included in the work-up, alongside testing for infection with in assessing patients with gastric obstruction.
PubMed: 37408935
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.41351 -
ACG Case Reports Journal Jun 2023Malignant neoplasms arising from the Brunner gland are exceedingly rare. A 62-year-old man with a history of surgical resection of Brunner gland adenocarcinoma presented...
Malignant neoplasms arising from the Brunner gland are exceedingly rare. A 62-year-old man with a history of surgical resection of Brunner gland adenocarcinoma presented with upper extremity cellulitis. Hospital course was complicated by atrial fibrillation and hematochezia. Bidirectional endoscopy was negative; however, small bowel enteroscopy revealed recurrence of Brunner gland adenocarcinoma 6 years after surgical resection. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of recurrent Brunner gland adenocarcinoma after curative resection.
PubMed: 37305801
DOI: 10.14309/crj.0000000000001060 -
Archives of Razi Institute Oct 2022Most feed materials are predominantly complex and in insoluble forms as animals use them. The aim of digestion processes, therefore, is to sequentially modify the feed...
Most feed materials are predominantly complex and in insoluble forms as animals use them. The aim of digestion processes, therefore, is to sequentially modify the feed substances into simple and soluble forms that are appropriate for absorption and ingestion. This study aimed to investigate the possible effect of pomegranate peel aqueous extract on the histological structure of the small intestine of local male rabbits (). Twelve healthy adult male rabbits acquired from a local market in Iraq- Baghdad was used in this study. The animals were divided into two main groups, six animals in the control group, while the other six were considered as treated groups with pomegranate peel extract. The pomegranate extract was prepared by the maceration method. The experiment lasted for two months, from 1/10/2020 to 1/12/2020. The results showed that the tunica mucosa of the duodenum of the experimental group has huge overcrowded intestinal villi associated with hypertrophy of mucosal villi, in addition to a marked increase in the population of goblet cells and their secretory activities. The tunica submucosa was occupied by a thick layer of Brunner's glands, which were compound tubular mucous alveolar type and had clear cytoplasm. The jejunum of the experimental group showed that the mucosal layer was characterized by a marked increase of intestinal plica circularis, which is associated with the projection of pyramidal-shaped intestinal mucosa. The epithelial mucosa was (pseudostratified columnar epithelium) covered by a thick brush border of microvilli. The histological arrangement of various layers of the ileum was nearly analogous to that of the jejunum except for some distinctive differences. An evident aggregated lymphocytes forming Payers patches occupied the tunica submucosa in both the control and treated groups. The most historical parameters in all segments of the small intestine revealed a significant increase in experimental animals compared to control animals. In conclusion, the aqueous extract of pomegranate peels have apparent positive effects on the histological structure of the small intestine of rabbits improving, positively the digestive efficiency of animals and enhancing the efficiency of the immune system in the animal through an apparent increase in the numbers of goblet cell that plays importance for immunity of the body.
Topics: Rabbits; Male; Animals; Pomegranate; Intestine, Small; Duodenum; Jejunum; Ileum
PubMed: 37123158
DOI: 10.22092/ARI.2022.358197.2176 -
International Journal of Molecular... Apr 2023The lectin TFF2 belongs to the trefoil factor family (TFF). This polypeptide is typically co-secreted with the mucin MUC6 from gastric mucous neck cells, antral gland...
The lectin TFF2 belongs to the trefoil factor family (TFF). This polypeptide is typically co-secreted with the mucin MUC6 from gastric mucous neck cells, antral gland cells, and duodenal Brunner glands. Here, TFF2 fulfills a protective function by forming a high-molecular-mass complex with the MUC6, physically stabilizing the mucus barrier. In pigs and mice, and slightly in humans, TFF2 is also synthesized in the pancreas. Here, we investigated the murine stomach, pancreas, and duodenum by fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) and proteomics and identified different forms of Tff2. In both the stomach and duodenum, the predominant form is a high-molecular-mass complex with Muc6, whereas, in the pancreas, only low-molecular-mass monomeric Tff2 was detectable. We also investigated the expression of and other selected genes in the stomach, pancreas, and the proximal, medial, and distal duodenum (RT-PCR analysis). The absence of the Tff2/Muc6 complex in the pancreas is due to a lack of Muc6. Based on its known motogenic, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory effects, we propose a protective receptor-mediated function of monomeric Tff2 for the pancreatic ductal epithelium. This view is supported by a report that a loss of promotes the formation of pancreatic intraductal mucinous neoplasms.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Mice; Lectins; Mucins; Pancreas; Peptides; Stomach; Swine; Trefoil Factor-2
PubMed: 37108221
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087059 -
The invariant chain CD74 protein is a cell surface binding partner of TIMP-1 in breast cancer cells.Molecular Oncology Aug 2023Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) regulates the proteolytic activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), playing an important role in the homeostasis of...
Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) regulates the proteolytic activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), playing an important role in the homeostasis of the extracellular matrix. Beyond its well-known role in tissue maintenance, TIMP-1 has been associated with multiple MMP-independent cytokine-like functions. The protein structure of TIMP-1, with two distinct domains, one interacting with MMPs and another able to bind multiple partners, provides a rationale for this multifunctionality. The identification of CD63 as a cell surface receptor for TIMP-1, able to mediate intracellular signaling through the Erk/MAPK axis, provided a molecular basis for the role of TIMP-1 in cellular signaling. However, several lines of evidence suggest that TIMP-1 may be able to associate with many interaction partners, thus attaining multiple functions. To enable the identification of previously unknown interaction partners that may underpin the core cellular functions of TIMP-1, known as well as unknown, we performed a yeast two-hybrid screening using a mammary gland complementary DNA (cDNA) library. We report here the identification of multiple interactors, including MHC class II-associated invariant chain γ (CD74). We verified that CD74 interacts with TIMP-1 in breast cancer cells and that this interaction contributes to cellular internalization of TIMP-1 and mediates intracellular signaling through the Akt signaling axis in breast cancer cells. These data provide new insights into the complex nature of the functions of TIMP-1 and their potential mechanistic basis.
Topics: Humans; Female; Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; Breast Neoplasms; Cell Membrane; Matrix Metalloproteinases; Protein Binding
PubMed: 37081824
DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13436 -
Revista Espanola de Enfermedades... Jan 2024Brunner's gland adenoma (BGA), also known as Brunneroma or polypoid hamartoma, is a rare benign duodenal tumor that proliferates from Brunner's glands of the duodenum....
Brunner's gland adenoma (BGA), also known as Brunneroma or polypoid hamartoma, is a rare benign duodenal tumor that proliferates from Brunner's glands of the duodenum. They are usually asymptomatic and discovered by chance during endoscopy. Some giant lesions can sometimes present with chronic abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and anemia, including gastrointestinal bleeding and obstructive symptoms, and need to be resected by surgery or endoscopy. Here we report a giant BGA that was easily and safely removed by Endoloop pre-ligation assisted resection.
Topics: Humans; Duodenal Neoplasms; Brunner Glands; Duodenum; Endoscopy; Adenoma
PubMed: 37073689
DOI: 10.17235/reed.2023.9535/2023