-
Cell Stem Cell Jan 2022Human organoid model systems lack important cell types that, in the embryo, are incorporated into organ tissues during development. We developed an organoid assembly...
Human organoid model systems lack important cell types that, in the embryo, are incorporated into organ tissues during development. We developed an organoid assembly approach starting with cells from the three primary germ layers-enteric neuroglial, mesenchymal, and epithelial precursors-that were derived separately from human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). From these three cell types, we generated human antral and fundic gastric tissue containing differentiated glands surrounded by layers of smooth muscle containing functional enteric neurons that controlled contractions of the engineered antral tissue. Using this experimental system, we show that human enteric neural crest cells (ENCCs) promote mesenchyme development and glandular morphogenesis of antral stomach organoids. Moreover, ENCCs can act directly on the foregut to promote a posterior fate, resulting in organoids with a Brunner's gland phenotype. Thus, germ layer components that are derived separately from PSCs can be used for tissue engineering to generate complex human organoids.
Topics: Cell Differentiation; Endoderm; Humans; Neural Crest; Organoids; Pluripotent Stem Cells
PubMed: 34856121
DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2021.10.010 -
Nature Communications Mar 2023The subtypes of duodenal cancer (DC) are complicated and the carcinogenesis process is not well characterized. We present comprehensive characterization of 438 samples...
The subtypes of duodenal cancer (DC) are complicated and the carcinogenesis process is not well characterized. We present comprehensive characterization of 438 samples from 156 DC patients, covering 2 major and 5 rare subtypes. Proteogenomics reveals LYN amplification at the chromosome 8q gain functioned in the transmit from intraepithelial neoplasia phase to infiltration tumor phase via MAPK signaling, and illustrates the DST mutation improves mTOR signaling in the duodenal adenocarcinoma stage. Proteome-based analysis elucidates stage-specific molecular characterizations and carcinogenesis tracks, and defines the cancer-driving waves of the adenocarcinoma and Brunner's gland subtypes. The drug-targetable alanyl-tRNA synthetase (AARS1) in the high tumor mutation burden/immune infiltration is significantly enhanced in DC progression, and catalyzes the lysine-alanylation of poly-ADP-ribose polymerases (PARP1), which decreases the apoptosis of cancer cells, eventually promoting cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. We assess the proteogenomic landscape of early DC, and provide insights into the molecular features corresponding therapeutic targets.
Topics: Humans; Duodenal Neoplasms; Proteogenomics; Brunner Glands; Adenocarcinoma; Carcinogenesis
PubMed: 36991000
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37221-5 -
Advances in Therapy Jun 2021Brunner's gland hamartoma is a benign tumor of the duodenum, but has malignant potential with a very low risk of progression into adenocarcinoma. It is uncommon with a... (Review)
Review
Brunner's gland hamartoma is a benign tumor of the duodenum, but has malignant potential with a very low risk of progression into adenocarcinoma. It is uncommon with a frequency of less than 1.0% among the primary tumors of the small intestine. In addition, its clinical manifestations are nonspecific, etiology remains unclear, and treatment strategy needs to be further refined. This literature review mainly discusses the epidemiology, clinical features, possible etiology and pathogenesis, diagnostic methods, malignant potential, treatment, and prognosis of Brunner's gland hamartoma.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Brunner Glands; Duodenum; Hamartoma; Humans
PubMed: 33914269
DOI: 10.1007/s12325-021-01750-6 -
Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology &... 2019The proliferative lesions of the Brunner's glands (BGs) are hyperplasia and hamartomas, and they are usually asymptomatic and very rarely diagnosed. The aetiology of...
BACKGROUND
The proliferative lesions of the Brunner's glands (BGs) are hyperplasia and hamartomas, and they are usually asymptomatic and very rarely diagnosed. The aetiology of these lesions is not yet clear. The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical presentations of patients with BG hyperplasia and hamartomas and to assess the pathological features of these lesions in association with ().
METHODS
Our retrospective study included patients who underwent upper gastrointestinal system endoscopy between 2010 and 2015. The hospital records of 18 patients diagnosed with hyperplasia or hamartoma of BG were reviewed for the clinical and pathological findings. Data from patients with BG lesion were compared with 37 patients who had nonspecific duodenitis as the control group.
RESULTS
Female/male ratio in our study sample was 1/1. The age range was between 16 and 85 years with a mean age of 48.61. BG hyperplasia and hamartomas were found in 72.22 and 27.78% of the patients, respectively. The rate of in gastric mucosa was 43.2% in the control group and 66.7% in the BG lesion group. In the BG lesion group, the rate of . was higher. was identified in 60% of BG hamartomas and in 69.2% of hyperplastic BGs.
CONCLUSION
Our study demonstrated that may play an important role in the development of BG hyperplasia and hamartomas in association with chronic gastritis and duodenitis. This is probably due to chronic irritation.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Brunner Glands; Duodenal Diseases; Female; Hamartoma; Helicobacter Infections; Helicobacter pylori; Humans; Hyperplasia; Male; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Young Adult
PubMed: 31187029
DOI: 10.1155/2019/6340565 -
Digestive Surgery 2010Groove pancreatitis is a segmental chronic pancreatitis that affects the anatomical area between the pancreatic head, the duodenum, and the common bile duct, referred to... (Review)
Review
Groove pancreatitis is a segmental chronic pancreatitis that affects the anatomical area between the pancreatic head, the duodenum, and the common bile duct, referred to as the groove area. Most patients with groove pancreatitis are males aged 40-50 years with a history of alcohol abuse. In about 20% of patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy to treat chronic pancreatitis, groove pancreatitis is detected. The clinical symptoms are weight loss, upper abdominal pain, postprandial vomiting, and nausea due to duodenal stenosis. The pathogenesis of groove pancreatitis is thought to be anatomical or functional obstruction of the minor papilla. The viscosity of pancreatic juice increases due to excessive alcohol consumption and/or smoking, leading to calcification of the pancreatic duct. According to these conditions, pancreatitis in the groove area might arise due to impaired pancreatic juice outflow. The descending part of the duodenum is usually stenotic. Severe fibrosis and scarring are evident in the groove area. Characteristic pathological findings are cystic lesions in the duodenal wall, Brunner gland hyperplasia, dilation of Santorini's duct and protein plaques in the pancreatic duct. A differential diagnosis of groove pancreatitis from peripancreatic cancer is clinically important. Cystic lesions in the duodenal wall and smooth stenosis of the bile duct are important findings of groove pancreatitis revealed by endoscopic ultrasonography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Biopsy through the duodenum is also useful for diagnosis. Conservative treatment options include endoscopic stenting of the minor papilla, but long-term outcomes remain unclear. Pancreatoduodenectomy is a rational treatment for symptomatic groove pancreatitis.
Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; Fibrosis; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Pancreaticoduodenectomy; Pancreatitis; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 20551662
DOI: 10.1159/000289099 -
Gastroenterology & Hepatology Jul 2008
PubMed: 21960922
DOI: No ID Found -
British Journal of Pharmacology Feb 2022The incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is inactivated by the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-4 even before it leaves the gut, but it seems to act predominantly... (Review)
Review
The incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is inactivated by the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-4 even before it leaves the gut, but it seems to act predominantly via activation of intestinal sensory neurons expressing GLP-1 receptors. Thus, activation of vagal afferents is probably responsible for its effects on appetite and food intake, gastrointestinal secretion and motility, and pancreatic endocrine secretion. However, GLP-1 receptors are widely expressed in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, including epithelial cells in the stomach, and the Brunner glands, in endocrine cells of the gut epithelium, and on mucosal lymphocytes. In this way, GLP-1 may have important local actions of epithelial protection and endocrine signalling and may interact with the immune system. We review the formation and release of GLP-1 from the endocrine L cells and its fate after release and describe the localization of its receptor throughout the GI tract and discuss its direct or indirect actions in the GI tract. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on GLP1 receptor ligands (BJP 75th Anniversary). To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v179.4/issuetoc.
Topics: Gastrointestinal Tract; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor; Ligands
PubMed: 34235727
DOI: 10.1111/bph.15611 -
Journal of Investigative Medicine High... 2023Brunner gland hamartoma (BGH) is a rare condition that requires a high clinical suspicion to diagnose. Large hamartomas may initially present with iron deficiency anemia...
Brunner gland hamartoma (BGH) is a rare condition that requires a high clinical suspicion to diagnose. Large hamartomas may initially present with iron deficiency anemia (IDA) or symptoms suggesting intestinal obstruction. Barium swallow may demonstrate the lesion, but endoscopic evaluation is the acceptable first line management unless a concern for underlying malignancy. The present case report and literature review highlight the uncommon presentations and endoscopic role in large BGHs management. Internists should consider BGH in their differential, especially in patient with occult bleeding, IDA, or obstruction, which can be treated with endoscopic resection of large sized tumors by trained experts.
Topics: Humans; Brunner Glands; Duodenal Diseases; Hamartoma
PubMed: 36891571
DOI: 10.1177/23247096231159811 -
ACG Case Reports Journal Dec 2022Brunner's gland adenoma is extremely uncommon small bowel tumors with an incidence of <0.01% and account for less than 1% of all gastrointestinal tumors. They are...
Brunner's gland adenoma is extremely uncommon small bowel tumors with an incidence of <0.01% and account for less than 1% of all gastrointestinal tumors. They are branched acinotubular glands found within the submucosal layer and located between the pyloric ring and the major duodenal papilla. Brunner's glands produce an alkaline secretion containing viscous mucin to protect the duodenum from acidic gastric chyme. Although these lesions are usually asymptomatic and are incidentally discovered on upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, they may occasionally present with symptoms of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage, duodenal obstruction, and more rarely with biliary fistulation or intussusception. We present an atypical case of a large 9-cm Brunner's gland adenoma causing duodenojejunal intussusception in a 44-year-old Chinese man, who presented with long-standing epigastric pain, nausea, and vomiting.
PubMed: 36628374
DOI: 10.14309/crj.0000000000000949 -
International Journal of Surgery Case... Nov 2022Brunner gland hamartoma is rare duodenal neoplasm. These benign lesions are usually presented by upper gastrointestinal bleeding and sometimes extend to cause intestinal...
INTRODUCTION
Brunner gland hamartoma is rare duodenal neoplasm. These benign lesions are usually presented by upper gastrointestinal bleeding and sometimes extend to cause intestinal obstruction.
PRESENTATION OF THE CASE
We report a case of a 43-year-old male patient manifested with iron deficiency anemia. Upon investigations, computed topography (CT) scan found a dilated first part of the duodenum with presence of large pedunculated polyp. The histopathological examination revealed a submucosal lobular proliferation of duodenal Brunner's gland separated by a fine fibrous septum. No dysplastic signs were observed. Immunohistochemical studies confirmed the nature of the glands and reveled absence of Helicobacter pylori gastritis. Diagnosis was confirmed.
DISCUSSION
Brunner glands hamartomas are rare tumors. They are commonly presented by upper GI bleeding and intestinal obstruction. The pathogenesis remains unclear. They are usually located in the first part (bulb) of the duodenum. Mucosal irritation and Helicobacter pylori infection are suggested causes. Different surgical and endoscopical modalities are applied in the management depending on the size and location of the mass. In our case, the tumor was removed by Endoscopic submucosal dissection.
CONCLUSION
Brunner gland hamartoma is a rare usually benign tumor. Presented clinically by upper GI bleeding and obstruction. Histopathologically Brunner gland Hamartoma characterized by lobular proliferation of Brunner gland associated with presence of other mature tissues. Although these tumors are benign it carries a minor risk of malignant transformation.
PubMed: 36270207
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2022.107747