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Journal of Pharmacological Sciences Aug 2024We examined the inhibitory effects of α-linolenic acid (ALA) on the contractions of pig coronary arteries. ALA concentration-dependently inhibited the contractions...
We examined the inhibitory effects of α-linolenic acid (ALA) on the contractions of pig coronary arteries. ALA concentration-dependently inhibited the contractions elicited by U46619 and prostaglandin F without affecting those elicited by 80 mM KCl, histamine, acetylcholine, and serotonin. ALA rightward shifted the concentration-response curve of U46619, and Schild plot analysis revealed that ALA competitively antagonized U46619. Furthermore, ALA inhibited the increase in intracellular Ca concentration caused by TP receptor stimulation but not that caused by FP receptor stimulation. These results suggest that ALA behaves as a selective antagonist of TP receptors in coronary arteries.
Topics: Animals; Coronary Vessels; alpha-Linolenic Acid; Swine; 15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid; Calcium; Receptors, Thromboxane; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Male; Dinoprost; Muscle Contraction
PubMed: 38880549
DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2024.06.001 -
Scientific Reports May 2024Delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) is a serious, life-threatening, complication affecting patients who have survived the initial bleeding from a ruptured intracranial...
Delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) is a serious, life-threatening, complication affecting patients who have survived the initial bleeding from a ruptured intracranial aneurysm. Due to the challenging diagnosis, potential DCI prognostic markers should be of value in clinical practice. According to recent reports isoprostanes and red blood cell distribution (RDW) showed to be promising in this respect. We conducted a prospective study of 27 aSAH patients and control group (n = 8). All patients from the study group were treated within the first day of the initial bleeding. We collected data regarding clinical status and results of biochemical, and radiological examinations. We measured cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentration of 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (F2-IsoP) and RDW on days 1, 3, and 5. Both CSF F2-IsoP level and RDW-SD measured on day 1 were significant predictors of DCI. The receiver operating characteristics curve for DCI prediction based on the multivariate model yielded an area under the curve of 0.924 (95% CI 0.824-1.000, p < 0.001). In our study, the model based on the combination of RDW and the level of isoprostanes in CSF on the first day after the initial bleeding showed a prognostic value for DCI prediction. Further studies are required to validate this observation.
Topics: Humans; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage; Female; Male; Middle Aged; Biomarkers; Dinoprost; Prognosis; Brain Ischemia; Prospective Studies; Erythrocyte Indices; Aged; Erythrocytes; Adult; ROC Curve
PubMed: 38760404
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61956-w -
The Journal of Maternal-fetal &... Dec 2024Presently, the efficacy of neonatal resuscitation techniques interventions such as oral, nasal, and endotracheal suction for preventing meconium aspiration syndrome...
BACKGROUND
Presently, the efficacy of neonatal resuscitation techniques interventions such as oral, nasal, and endotracheal suction for preventing meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) after delivery has not been satisfactory.
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to investigate the role of intratracheal instillation of budesonide on oxidative stress in MAS.
METHODS
Sixty-two neonates with MAS admitted to Huai'an Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital from January 2018 to June 2020 were divided into a study group (intratracheal instillation of 2 ml budesonide suspension; = 31) and a control group (intratracheal instillation of 2 ml normal saline; = 31). Collect data from two groups of patients and evaluate clinical outcomes, including oxygenation index (OI), as well as serum total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), oxidative stress index (OSI) and 8-Isoprostane before treatment and 72h after admission.
RESULTS
We found no statistical differences in mortality, complication rate, total oxygen inhalation time, OI before treatment and 72h after admission between the two groups of neonates with MAS, while the duration of invasive respiratory support in the study group was significantly shorter than in the control group. Also, serum TAC, TOS, OSI and 8-isoprostane levels were not statistically different before treatment between the two groups. After 72h of admission, OSI and 8-Isoprostane in neonates with MAS in the study group were much lower than those in the control group. TOS, OSI, 8-Isoprostane in the control group and 8-Isoprostane in the study group were significantly higher than those before treatment. As for TAC and TOS, no significant differences were observed between the two groups.
CONCLUSION
Intratracheal instillation of budesonide was shown to alleviate oxidative stress and shorten invasive ventilation time in neonates with MAS.
Topics: Humans; Meconium Aspiration Syndrome; Infant, Newborn; Oxidative Stress; Budesonide; Female; Male; Saline Solution; Instillation, Drug; Case-Control Studies; Dinoprost
PubMed: 38735865
DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2024.2337708 -
Open Veterinary Journal Mar 2024Reproductive efficiency affects dairy cow profitability. Ovarian function in postpartum (P.P.) has been better understood using ultrasound and hormonal assays....
BACKGROUND
Reproductive efficiency affects dairy cow profitability. Ovarian function in postpartum (P.P.) has been better understood using ultrasound and hormonal assays. Optimizing ovulation synchronization and carefully timing artificial insemination (TAI) can greatly enhance reproductive rates in dairy cows.
AIM
This experiment was designed to investigate the reproductive performance and ovarian activity in early postpartum lactating dairy cows using the Presynch-PGF2α, Ovsynch protocol, and TAI.
METHODS
Randomly the cows were assigned to a control group and a treatment group, based on the chronological order of their calving date. On day 14 P.P., both groups received two cloprostenol treatments, 14 days apart. Ultrasonographic inspections were conducted on day 14 to check ovarian activity and uterine contents. On day 11, after presynchronization, cows in the treatment group were given 100 µg IM. of cystorelin, followed by a luteolytic dose of 500 µg IM., cloprostenol on day 7, and a second dose of cystorelin on day 8 (36 hours later). After the second cystorelin injection by 16-20 hours, cows were inseminated, while the control group had all cows displaying spontaneous estrus between day 0 and day 28 were artificially inseminated.
RESULTS
Ovarian activity began to improve at 82.61% on day 19 P.P., with complete recovery between days 24 and 27 P.P. The second cloprostenol injection approached, causing follicular size to reach 8.41 ± 1.04 mm. After the second injection, ovarian activity switched from follicular to luteal, with corpus luteum rates of 23.91% and 26.1%. The presynchronized PGF2α regimen significantly enhanced ovarian activity from days 19-35 P.P. Ovulation and pregnancy rates in the Ovsynch group were 54.2% and 41.7% at the first timed artificial insemination (TAI), compared to 54.5% and 31.8% in the control group. There was no significant impact between them; it was just high in the presynchronized Ovsynch group. However, the P.P. period was minimized to 47-49 days till the first AI reached a 41.7% pregnancy rate and 20.8% at the second AI, for an overall 62.5%.
CONCLUSION
The current study concludes that presynchronization during preservice in clinically normal P.P. dairy cows reduces P.P. duration, increases ovarian activity performance, and reduces ovarian dysfunctions from day 19 to day 35 P.P., as well as improves the pregnancy rate.
Topics: Libya; Female; Animals; Cattle; Postpartum Period; Estrus Synchronization; Ovary; Fertility; Progesterone; Ovulation; Ultrasonography; Dinoprost; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; Cloprostenol; Insemination, Artificial
PubMed: 38682144
DOI: 10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i3.9 -
Scientific Reports Apr 2024To better understand molecular aspects of equine endometrial function, there is a need for advanced in vitro culture systems that more closely imitate the intricate...
To better understand molecular aspects of equine endometrial function, there is a need for advanced in vitro culture systems that more closely imitate the intricate 3-dimensional (3D) in vivo endometrial structure than current techniques. However, development of a 3D in vitro model of this complex tissue is challenging. This study aimed to develop an in vitro 3D endometrial tissue (3D-ET) with an epithelial cell phenotype optimized by treatment with a Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitor. Equine endometrial epithelial (eECs) and mesenchymal stromal (eMSCs) cells were isolated separately, and eECs cultured in various concentrations of Rock inhibitor (0, 5, 10 µmol) in epithelial medium (EC-medium) containing 10% knock-out serum replacement (KSR). The optimal concentration of Rock inhibitor for enhancing eEC proliferation and viability was 10 µM. However, 10 µM Rock inhibitor in the 10% KSR EC-medium was able to maintain mucin1 (Muc1) gene expression for only a short period. In contrast, fetal bovine serum (FBS) was able to maintain Muc1 gene expression for longer culture durations. An in vitro 3D-ET was successfully constructed using a collagen-based scaffold to support the eECs and eMSCs. The 3D-ET closely mimicked in vivo endometrium by displaying gland-like eEC-derived structures positive for the endometrial gland marker, Fork headbox A2 (FOXA2), and by mimicking the 3D morphology of the stromal compartment. In addition, the 3D-ET expressed the secretory protein MUC1 on its glandular epithelial surface and responded to LPS challenge by upregulating the expression of the interleukin-6 (IL6) and prostaglandin F synthase (PGFS) genes (P < 0.01), along with an increase in their secretory products, IL-6 (P < 0.01) and prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2α) (P < 0.001) respectively. In the future, this culture system can be used to study both normal physiology and pathological processes of the equine endometrium.
Topics: Female; Animals; Horses; Cells, Cultured; Tissue Engineering; rho-Associated Kinases; Endometrium; Epithelial Cells; Collagen; Dinoprost
PubMed: 38641671
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59471-z -
Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology :... Dec 2024Existing treatments for primary dysmenorrhoea (PD), such as NSAIDs, impart side effects. decoction (GGD), a traditional Chinese medicine, has shown promise in treating...
BACKGROUND
Existing treatments for primary dysmenorrhoea (PD), such as NSAIDs, impart side effects. decoction (GGD), a traditional Chinese medicine, has shown promise in treating PD, but its exact mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we aimed to investigate the efficiency of GGD in alleviating PD using a rat model to understand its precise mechanism of action.
METHODS
We established a rat model of dysmenorrhoea induced by oestradiol and oxytocin. The PD rats were administered GGD or Ibuprofen (positive control) intragastrically once daily for seven consecutive days. Serum levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2α), β-endorphin (β-EP), thromboxane B2 (TXB2), 6-keto-prostaglandin F1α (6-keto-PGF1α) were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expression levels of oestrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in uterine tissue were measured using immunohistochemical assays, and those of phosphorylated and total extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) were assessed using western blot analysis.
RESULTS
Treatment with GGD significantly reduced writhing behaviour, histopathological scores, and levels of COX-2, PGE2, and PGF2α in the serum of PD rats. Additionally, GGD increased β-EP content and inhibited ERK1/2 activation and ERα expression in uterine tissues.
CONCLUSIONS
The results of this study suggest that GGD alleviates PD in rats by suppressing the COX-2-mediated release of PGE2 and PGF2α, modulating the ERα/ERK1/2/COX-2 pathway, and increasing β-EP content. These results provide insights into the potential mechanisms of GGD in treating PD and support its further investigation as an alternative therapy for this condition.
Topics: Humans; Female; Rats; Animals; Dysmenorrhea; Cyclooxygenase 2; Estrogen Receptor alpha; Dinoprostone; Dinoprost
PubMed: 38594870
DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2024.2337691 -
The Journal of Reproduction and... Jun 2024The number of cows in estrus often influences estrus behavior; however, the effects of social order are not well documented. This study examined the effects of social...
The number of cows in estrus often influences estrus behavior; however, the effects of social order are not well documented. This study examined the effects of social order on the expression of behaviorally-scored and pedometer-detected estrus, combined with the effects of the number of cows in estrus. In a herd comprising 13 or 15 beef cattle, cows with orders 1st-7th were defined as dominant and the remaining cows as subordinate. Sole or simultaneous estrus was induced by prostaglandin F analog injection and/or intravaginal progesterone treatment. Ovulation timing was determined using ultrasonography at 6-hour intervals. Estrous signs and steps of the cows were recorded 49 h before ovulation using video monitoring and a pedometer, respectively. Among the 59 treated cows, 56 behaviorally-scored estruses (27 sole and 29 simultaneous) were detected. In the sole estrus, 61.5% of the dominant-rank cows had no zero-point period; however, 35.7% of the subordinate-rank cows had that period. The dominant-rank cows in estrus alone had a significantly shorter duration of scored estrus than those in simultaneous estrus (P < 0.05). Among the 50 pedometer-detected estruses (24 sole and 26 simultaneous), the subordinate-rank cows in sole estrus had a shorter interval from estrus onset to ovulation than the dominant-rank cows in simultaneous estrus (P < 0.05). The effects of social order varied in response to the number of cows in estrus, which might have influenced determining the optimal time for artificial insemination.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Female; Estrus; Estrus Detection; Ovulation; Behavior, Animal; Progesterone; Social Behavior; Estrus Synchronization; Dinoprost
PubMed: 38508766
DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2024-005 -
Magnitude and persistence of higher estrus-associated temperatures in beef heifers and suckled cows.Journal of Animal Science Jan 2024Higher estrus-associated temperatures (HEAT) are a hallmark feature in sexually active females. The overarching aim of this study was to characterize the variability,...
Higher estrus-associated temperatures (HEAT) are a hallmark feature in sexually active females. The overarching aim of this study was to characterize the variability, magnitude, and persistence of HEAT in heifers and suckled beef cows as well as identify associated factors when occurring during thermoneutral conditions at the onset of the spring breeding season. In both heifers and cows, estrus was induced using a 7-d controlled internal drug release (CIDR)-PGF2α protocol. Vaginal temperature after prostaglandin F2α administration was recorded every 5 min using a Thermochron iButton affixed to a blank CIDR (containing no progesterone). Estrus was defined as when a heifer first stood to be mounted or when a cow had an Estrotect patch score of 3 or 4. Level of HEAT varied among individual animals. When comparing common HEAT variables using a mixed model with date nested within a year, maximum HEAT (39.9 ± 0.1 and 40.0 ± 0.1 °C) and duration (15.5 ± 0.8 and 15.4 ± 0.7) were similar in heifers and cows, respectively. However, the magnitude and persistence of HEAT differed. Total area under the HEAT curve was 117.1 ± 13.5 and 158.7 ± 12.3 for heifers vs cows, respectively (P = 0.0571). Further, 42.9% of heifers and 49% of cows had maximum HEAT ≥ 40 °C which persisted up to 6.5 and 10 h, respectively. When ambient conditions were predominantly thermoneutral, temperature humidity index had minimal impact on HEAT (mixed model, repeated measures over time). Toward identifying associated factors with different aspects of HEAT using best fit hierarchical linear regression models, baseline vaginal temperature and baseline duration were the most highly associated independent variables. Follicle size, estradiol and progesterone levels, and other available animal-related variables (e.g., age, weight, hair coat score) explained only a small amount of variation in HEAT. In summary, level of HEAT varies in estrus females even under thermoneutral conditions. Because HEAT can persist for an extended time, direct effects on fertility important components are unavoidable. Whether HEAT is a good or bad component of the periovulatory microenvironment is the basis of ongoing and future studies.
Topics: Cattle; Female; Animals; Temperature; Estrus Synchronization; Hot Temperature; Progesterone; Estrus; Dinoprost; Insemination, Artificial; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone
PubMed: 38502838
DOI: 10.1093/jas/skae079 -
Journal of Dairy Science Mar 2024The initial ovulatory response during synchronization programs is often low in dairy heifers, largely due to follicular dynamics and hormonal dynamics. Specifically, the...
The initial ovulatory response during synchronization programs is often low in dairy heifers, largely due to follicular dynamics and hormonal dynamics. Specifically, the progesterone concentration (P4) at the time of the first GnRH treatment in a breeding program can influence the LH response, often resulting in a suboptimal ovulatory response. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of the highest label dose 200 μg (100 μg vs. 200 μg) of GnRH (50 μg gonadorelin hydrochloride per mL; Factrel®; Zoetis Inc. Madison, NJ) at the first GnRH of a 6-d CoSynch plus P4 device program on ovulatory response and pregnancy per AI (P/AI) in first service in Holstein heifers. A total of 1308 Holstein heifers were randomly allocated at the beginning of a 6-d CIDR-Synch program, Day 0, to receive either i.m. treatment of 100 μg (2CC, n = 655) or 200 μg (4CC, n = 653) of GnRH. Also, at Day 0, heifers received an intravaginal insert with 1.38 g of P4 (Eazi-Breed CIDR® Cattle Insert; Zoetis Inc., Madison, NJ). On Day 6, the insert was removed, and i.m. treatment of 25 mg of PGF (12.5 mg dinoprost tromethamine/mL; Lutalyse® HighCon Injection Zoetis) was administered. On Day 7, a second i.m. treatment of 25 mg of PGF was given, followed on Day 9 by concurrent i.m. treatment of 100 μg of GnRH and timed AI (TAI). A subset of 396 heifers had their ovaries scanned to evaluate ovulatory response, and blood samples were collected to measure the serum concentration of P4 at Day 0 and Day 6 of the study. The P4 concentrations at Day 0 were categorized as Low (≤3ng/mL) or High (>3ng/mL). The ovulatory response was greater for heifers receiving 4CC than 2CC at Day 0 (54.7% vs. 42.8%). The ovulatory response was greater for Low P4 than High P4 at Day 0 (54.3% vs. 37.8%). However, there was not an interaction between treatment and P4 concentrations (Low P4 2CC = 48.6% vs. High P4 2CC = 30.0%; Low P4 4CC = 60.0% vs. High P4 4CC = 45.5%). The ROC curve analysis indicates that P4 concentrations at Day 0 treatment could predict the ovulatory response, although the area under the curve was only 0.6. As expected, heifers that ovulated had increased P/AI (No = 55.6% vs. Yes = 67.7%); however, there was no effect of treatment on P/AI (2CC = 63.3% vs. 4CC = 59.6%), nor interactions between treatment and ovulation and treatment and P4 (HIGH vs LOW) for pregnancy outcomes. In summary, P4 concentration and increasing the dose of GnRH at Day 0 positively impacted ovulatory response in Holstein heifers. However, there was no interaction between treatment and P4 on ovulation and no subsequent impact of GnRH dose on P/AI.
PubMed: 38460874
DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24246 -
International Journal of Molecular... Feb 2024Prostaglandins are bioactive compounds, and the activation of their receptors affects the expression of clock genes. However, the prostaglandin F receptor () has no...
Prostaglandins are bioactive compounds, and the activation of their receptors affects the expression of clock genes. However, the prostaglandin F receptor () has no known relationship with biological rhythms. Here, we first measured the locomotor period lengths of (B6.129-) mice and found that they were longer under constant dark conditions (DD) than those of wild-type (C57BL/6J) mice. We then investigated the clock gene patterns within the suprachiasmatic nucleus in mice under DD and observed a decrease in the expression of the clock gene cryptochrome 1 (), which is related to the circadian cycle. Moreover, the expression of , , and () mRNA were significantly altered in the mouse liver in mice under DD. In the wild-type mouse, the plasma prostaglandin F (PGF) levels showed a circadian rhythm under a 12 h cycle of light-dark conditions. In addition, in vitro experiments showed that the addition of PTGFR agonists altered the amplitude of ::luc activity, and this alteration differed with the timing of the agonist addition. These results lead us to hypothesize that the plasma rhythm of PGF is important for driving clock genes, thus suggesting the involvement of PGF- and -targeting drugs in the biological clock cycle.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Dinoprost; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Circadian Rhythm; Biological Clocks; Suprachiasmatic Nucleus; Gene Expression; Cryptochromes
PubMed: 38339119
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031841