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International Journal of Microbiology 2023Zambia has seen rapid development in aquaculture, and in recent years, the industry has experienced disease outbreaks where fish have increasingly become a potential...
Zambia has seen rapid development in aquaculture, and in recent years, the industry has experienced disease outbreaks where fish have increasingly become a potential contributor to emerging bacterial zoonotic diseases. The aim of this study was to identify bacterial pathogens with zoonotic potential in apparently healthy fish and water from their habitat. A total of sixty-three fish were sampled, and fifty-nine water samples were collected from the habitats of these fish. Bacteria were cultured from the internal organs of fish and water, and these were identified through standard bacteriological methods comprising morphological characterization, Gram-staining, and a panel of biochemical tests. The following bacterial pathogens with zoonotic potential were identified at a farm prevalence of (13.2%), (2.1%), (2.1%), (0.7%), (6.9%), (2.1%), (0.7%), (18.1%), and (0.7). Other bacteria with varying significance as fish pathogens identified included (2.1%), (1.4%), (1.4%), (2.1%), (10.4%), (3.5%), (1.4%), (1.4%), (2.1%), (4.2%), (6.9%), (1.4%), (1.4%), (6.3%), (1.4%), (1.4%), (0.7%), and (0.7%). The current study provides baseline information for future reference and the implementation of public health guidelines with regard to potential zoonotic diseases in fish.
PubMed: 37333886
DOI: 10.1155/2023/6650378 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Feb 2022Pitted keratolysis (PK) is a bacterial skin infection mostly affecting the pressure-bearing areas of the soles, causing unpleasant symptoms. Antibiotics are used for...
Pitted keratolysis (PK) is a bacterial skin infection mostly affecting the pressure-bearing areas of the soles, causing unpleasant symptoms. Antibiotics are used for therapy, but the emergence of antiobiotic resistance, makes the application of novel topical therapeutic agents necessary. The antibacterial effects of 12 EOs were compared in the first part of this study against the three known aetiological agents of PK (, and ). The results of the minimal inhibitory concentration, minimal bactericidal concentration and spore-formation inhibition tests revealed that lemongrass was the most effective EO against all three bacterium species and was therefore chosen for further analysis. Seventeen compounds were identified with solid-phase microextraction followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC-MS) analysis while thin-layer chromatography combined with direct bioautography (TLC-BD) was used to detect the presence of antibacterially active compounds. Citral showed a characteristic spot at the Rf value of 0.47, while the HS-SPME/GC-MS analysis of an unknown spot with strong antibacterial activity revealed the presence of α-terpineol, γ-cadinene and calamenene. Of these, α-terpineol was confirmed to possess an antimicrobial effect on all three bacterium species associated with PK. Our study supports the hypothesis that, based on their spectrum, EO-based formulations have potent antibacterial effects against PK and warrant further investigation as topical therapeutics.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Cymbopogon; Humans; Male; Oils, Volatile; Skin Diseases, Bacterial
PubMed: 35209211
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041423 -
EFSA Journal. European Food Safety... Dec 2021In this opinion, the antimicrobial-resistant bacteria responsible for transmissible diseases that constitute a threat to the health of horses have been assessed. The...
In this opinion, the antimicrobial-resistant bacteria responsible for transmissible diseases that constitute a threat to the health of horses have been assessed. The assessment has been performed following a methodology composed of information collected via an extensive literature review and expert judgement. Details on the methodology used for this assessment are explained in a separate opinion. A global state of play of antimicrobial-resistant spp. spp. and subsp and subsp. and subsp. has been provided. Among those bacteria, EFSA identified , and with more than 66% certainty as the most relevant antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in the EU, given their importance as causative agents of clinical disease in horses and the significant levels of resistance to clinically relevant antimicrobials. The animal health impact of these 'most relevant' bacteria as well as their eligibility of being listed and categorised within the animal health law framework will be assessed in separate scientific opinions.
PubMed: 34987627
DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2021.7112 -
Veterinary World Oct 2021Dermatophilosis is a bacterial infection of the skin of animals. It is prevalent worldwide and is caused by . The study aimed to assess the therapeutic efficacy of...
BACKGROUND AND AIM
Dermatophilosis is a bacterial infection of the skin of animals. It is prevalent worldwide and is caused by . The study aimed to assess the therapeutic efficacy of different mixtures prepared with indigenous phytogenetic extracts from Benin in the management and treatment of Girolando cattle that showed high sensitivity to the disease compared to any other known cattle breed in Benin.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Consequently, two types of extact mixtures (extract mixture 1= kernel oil + essential oil of + sap of extract mixture 2 + sap extract of ) of 20% concentration were prepared and tested on eight Girolando cattle. Two different parts of the affected skin with acute lesions of dermatophilosis were debrided, and 0.5 mL of each of the extract mixture was applied per square centimeter of a single zone of the affected skin.
RESULTS
Both extracts mixtures were found to possess significant wound healing properties compared to the control (procaine G penicillin). However, the extract mixture 1, which was made up of kernel oil, essential oil of and sap of (Linn), showed a better result. This was evident by increase in the rate of wound contraction and healing without recurrence 2 weeks after the end of the experiment and the subsequent immediate manifestation of hair or hair growth at the affected area.
CONCLUSION
The preliminary findings of this study are very promising. Extract mixture 1 could serve as an alternative in the treatment or management of bovine dermatophilosis in Benin and other dermatophilosis endemic areas of the world. However, testing and sensitivity against isolated organism using extract mixture 1 as well as cost implications should be studied.
PubMed: 34903936
DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.2750-2756 -
Veterinary Sciences Jul 2021Dermatophilosis is a form of dermatitis caused by the bacterium . The disease usually presents as localized purulent dermatitis, crusty hair masses or widespread matting...
Dermatophilosis is a form of dermatitis caused by the bacterium . The disease usually presents as localized purulent dermatitis, crusty hair masses or widespread matting of the hair. This condition is most common in domestic ruminants; but it can also affect other wild animals and humans. Antimicrobial therapy is used in many regions to treat clinical dermatophilosis with varying results. In this study, we aimed to assess the antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates. Fifty-two isolates were obtained from animals showing clinical signs of the disease at farms in St. Kitts. The isolates were then confirmed as by phenotypic tests, PCR and MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry. Furthermore, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 16 antimicrobial agents were determined, using the broth microdilution method. Although most antimicrobials showed MICs in line with published values, the tetracycline results displayed a clear bimodal distribution over the tested range, with most isolates showing low MICs and 6 isolates much higher values (+/- 100-fold increase). These results indicate the presence of acquired tetracycline resistance in on the island of St. Kitts. Whether the current observation has implications for efficacy of treating the disease must be confirmed in further research.
PubMed: 34357926
DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8070135 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jul 2021is a bacterial pathogen mostly of ruminant livestock in the tropics/subtropics and certain temperate climate areas. It causes dermatophilosis, a skin disease that...
is a bacterial pathogen mostly of ruminant livestock in the tropics/subtropics and certain temperate climate areas. It causes dermatophilosis, a skin disease that threatens food security by lowering animal productivity and compromising animal health and welfare. Since it is a prevalent infection in ruminants, dermatophilosis warrants more research. There is limited understanding of its pathogenicity, and as such, there is no registered vaccine against To better understanding the genomics of , the primary aim of this work was to investigate this bacterium using whole-genome sequencing and bioinformatic analysis. is a high GC member of the Actinobacteria and encodes approximately 2527 genes. It has an open pan-genome, contains many potential virulence factors, secondary metabolites and encodes at least 23 housekeeping genes associated with antimicrobial susceptibility mechanisms and some isolates have an acquired antimicrobial resistance gene. Our isolates contain a single CRISPR array Cas type IE with classical 8 Cas genes. Although the isolates originate from the same geographical location there is some genomic diversity among them. In conclusion, we present the first detailed genomic study on , including the first observation of (Z), a tetracycline resistance-conferring gene.
Topics: Actinobacteria; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Computational Biology; Dermatophilus; Genome, Bacterial; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Horse Diseases; Horses; Tetracycline Resistance; Whole Genome Sequencing
PubMed: 34281179
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137128 -
Microbiology Resource Announcements May 2021Dermatophilus congolensis causes dermatophilosis in cattle, mainly in tropical climates. Despite the economic losses caused by this bacterium, its pathogenic factors are...
Dermatophilus congolensis causes dermatophilosis in cattle, mainly in tropical climates. Despite the economic losses caused by this bacterium, its pathogenic factors are less well understood. We report draft genomes of D. congolensis strains isolated during a dermatophilosis outbreak in cattle in St. Kitts and Nevis. Some isolates contain (Z), which is responsible for resistance to tetracyclines.
PubMed: 34042483
DOI: 10.1128/MRA.00334-21 -
Veterinary Microbiology Aug 2020Here we report an outbreak of an atypical, ulcerative dermatitis in North Country mule lambs, located in South Gloucestershire, UK. The lesions, which appeared to be...
Here we report an outbreak of an atypical, ulcerative dermatitis in North Country mule lambs, located in South Gloucestershire, UK. The lesions, which appeared to be contagious, occured between the coronary band and the carpal joint as a focal, well demarcated, circular, ulcerative dermatitis. Histopathological examination of the lesion biopsies revealed areas of ulceration, epidermal hyperplasia, suppurative dermatitis and granulation tissue. Clumped keratohyalin granules and intracellular keratinocyte oedema (ballooning degeneration) were evident within lesion biopsies, consistent with an underlying viral aetiology. A PCR-based microbiological investigation failed to detect bovine digital dermatitis-associated treponeme phylogroups, Dichelobacter nodosus, Staphylococcus aureus, Dermatophilus congolensis or Chordopoxvirinae virus DNA. However, 3 of the 10 (30 %) and 6 of 10 (60 %) lesion samples were positive for Fusobacterium necrophorum and Streptococcus dysgalactiae DNA, respectively. Contralateral limb swabs were negative by all standard PCR assays. To better define the involvement of F. necrophorum in the aetiology of these lesions, a qPCR targeting the rpoB gene was employed and confirmed the presence of F. necrophorum DNA in both the control and lesions swab samples, although the mean F. necrophorum genome copy number detected in the lesion swab samples was ∼19-fold higher than detected in the contralateral control swab samples (245 versus 4752 genome copies/μl, respectively; P < 0.001). Although we have not been able to conclusively define an aetiological agent, the presence of both F. necrophorum and S. dysgalactiae in the majority of lesions assayed supports their role in the aetiopathogenesis of these lesions.
Topics: Age Factors; Animals; Bacterial Infections; Biopsy; Corneal Ulcer; Fusobacterium necrophorum; Hoof and Claw; Livestock; Lower Extremity; Sheep; Sheep Diseases; Sheep, Domestic; Streptococcus; United Kingdom
PubMed: 32768234
DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108790 -
Veterinary Medicine and Science Feb 2020A severe, chronic, locally extensive granulomatous bronchopneumonia was diagnosed on post-mortem and histopathological examination of an adult alpaca. Dermatophilus...
A severe, chronic, locally extensive granulomatous bronchopneumonia was diagnosed on post-mortem and histopathological examination of an adult alpaca. Dermatophilus congolensis organisms were isolated from the lungs and genotypic identification of aerobic culture was confirmed by sequence analysis of the entire 16S rDNA gene. This is the first report of D. congolensis-associated bronchopneumonia in any species.
Topics: Animals; Bronchopneumonia; Camelids, New World; DNA, Bacterial; DNA, Ribosomal; Dermatophilus; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Lung; Male; New South Wales; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 31729199
DOI: 10.1002/vms3.213 -
Journal of the American Veterinary... Aug 2019
Topics: Actinobacteria; Animals; Dermatophilus; Ecthyma, Contagious; Female; Goat Diseases; Goats; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections
PubMed: 31298639
DOI: 10.2460/javma.255.3.313