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Scientific Reports Jun 2024According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) of the United Nations (UN), rise in atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide (CO ) due to...
According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) of the United Nations (UN), rise in atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide (CO ) due to anthropogenic factors is considered as the primary driver for global climate change. With almost every major corporation around the world working towards their "net-zero goals", it is becoming increasingly important to have more technologies that can help reduce carbon footprint. Achieving sequestration of CO in the subsurface through Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage (CCUS) technologies like CO -Enhanced Oil Recovery, CO -Enhanced Geothermal Systems, CO -Enhanced Coal Bed Methane, etc. is well accepted. We introduce yet another attractive CCUS opportunity through well rehabilitation. Aqua Freed and Aqua Gard are well-known well rehabilitation and preventive well maintenance technologies that utilize (inject underground) liquid CO for the purpose. The goal of this study was to quantify the storage capacity of Aqua Freed and Aqua Gard, and establish their CCUS credentials. Depending on the well being serviced, these technologies can inject up to 40 US tons of CO per well. Based on field data collection and statistical modeling, we estimated that 82-96% (median 90%) of the injected CO remains in the subsurface post injection. Overall, our results and analysis of the US market suggest that using CO for well rehabilitation and maintenance has a storage potential of several megatonnes of CO annually in the US alone.
PubMed: 38879582
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64135-z -
Cardiovascular Diabetology Jun 2024Diabetic kidney disease is an established risk factor for heart failure. However, the impact of incident heart failure on the subsequent risk of renal failure has not...
BACKGROUND
Diabetic kidney disease is an established risk factor for heart failure. However, the impact of incident heart failure on the subsequent risk of renal failure has not been systematically assessed in diabetic population. We sought to study the risk of progression to end stage kidney disease (ESKD) after incident heart failure in Asian patients with type 2 diabetes.
METHODS
In this prospective cohort study, 1985 outpatients with type 2 diabetes from a regional hospital and a primary care facility in Singapore were followed for a median of 8.6 (interquartile range 6.2-9.6) years. ESKD was defined as a composite of progression to sustained eGFR below 15 ml/min/1.73m2, maintenance dialysis or renal death, whichever occurred first.
RESULTS
180 incident heart failure events and 181 incident ESKD events were identified during follow-up. Of 181 ESKD events, 38 (21%) occurred after incident heart failure. Compared to those did not progress to ESKD after incident heart failure (n = 142), participants who progressed to ESKD after heart failure occurrence were younger, had higher HbA1c and higher urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio at baseline. The excess risk of ESKD manifested immediately after heart failure occurrence, persisted for two years and was moderated thereafter. Cox regression suggested that, compared to counterparts with no heart failure event, participants with heart failure occurrence had 9.6 (95% CI 5.0- 18.3) fold increased risk for incident ESKD after adjustment for baseline cardio-renal risk factors including eGFR and albuminuria. It appeared that heart failure with preserved ejection fraction had a higher risk for ESKD as compared to those with reduced ejection fraction (adjusted HR 13.7 [6.3-29.5] versus 6.5 [2.3-18.6]).
CONCLUSION
Incident heart failure impinges a high risk for progression to ESKD in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Our data highlight the need for intensive surveillance of kidney function after incident heart failure, especially within the first two years after heart failure diagnosis.
Topics: Humans; Heart Failure; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Risk Factors; Aged; Prospective Studies; Incidence; Time Factors; Diabetic Nephropathies; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Risk Assessment; Singapore; Kidney; Prognosis; Biomarkers
PubMed: 38879473
DOI: 10.1186/s12933-024-02279-y -
The American Journal of Pathology Jun 2024Chorioamnionitis generates prostaglandin E and F, promoting fetal membrane rupture, cervical ripening, and uterine contractions. 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase...
Chorioamnionitis generates prostaglandin E and F, promoting fetal membrane rupture, cervical ripening, and uterine contractions. 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (HPGD) contributes to pregnancy maintenance by inactivating prostaglandins. The role of decidual cells in regulating HPGD expression at the maternal-fetal interface was investigated. HPGD immunostaining was primarily detected in anchoring villi and choriodecidual extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs) of first, second and third trimester. Chorionic EVTs adjacent to decidua parietalis exhibited significantly higher HPDG levels than those adjacent to amnion. HPGD HSCORE levels were significantly lower in choriodecidua from chorioamnionitis vs. gestational age-matched controls (Mean±SEM; 132.6±3.8 vs. 31.2±7.9; P<0.05). Conditioned media supernatant (CMS) from in vitro decidualized term decidual cells (TDCs) upregulated HPGD levels in EVTs differentiated from human trophoblastic stem cells, primary trophoblasts and HTR8/SV cells. However, CMS from 5 μg/mL LPS or 10 ng/mL IL-1β pretreated TDC cultures downregulated HPGD levels in HTR8/SV cultures. Similarly, direct treatment of HTR8/SV cultures with LPS or IL-1β significantly reduced HPGD levels vs. control (0.57±0.1 or 0.47±0.1, vs. 1.03±0.03; P<0.05) but not in TDC-CMS pretreated HTR8/SV cultures. Collectively, the results uncover a novel decidual cell-mediated paracrine mechanism which stimulates levels of trophoblastic HPGD, whose function is to inactivate labor-inducing prostaglandins, thereby promoting uterine quiescence during pregnancy. However, infectious/inflammatory stimuli in decidual cells cause a paracrine inhibition of trophoblastic HPGD expression, increasing PGE/F levels, thereby contributing to preterm birth.
PubMed: 38879084
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2024.05.005 -
Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta.... Jun 2024Recessive mutations in the Parkin gene (PRKN) are the most common cause of young-onset inherited parkinsonism. Parkin is a multifunctional E3 ubiquitin ligase that plays...
Recessive mutations in the Parkin gene (PRKN) are the most common cause of young-onset inherited parkinsonism. Parkin is a multifunctional E3 ubiquitin ligase that plays a variety of roles in the cell including the degradation of proteins and the maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis, integrity, and biogenesis. In 2001, the R275W mutation in the PRKN gene was identified in two unrelated families with a multigenerational history of postural tremor, dystonia and parkinsonism. Drosophila models of Parkin R275W showed selective and progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neuronal clusters, mitochondrial abnormalities, and prominent climbing defects. In the Prkn mouse orthologue, the amino acid R274 corresponds to human R275. Here we described an age-related motor impairment and a muscle phenotype in R274W +/+ mice. In vitro, Parkin R274W mutation correlates with abnormal myoblast differentiation, mitochondrial defects, and alteration in mitochondrial mRNA and protein levels. Our data suggest that the Parkin R274W mutation may impact mitochondrial physiology and eventually myoblast proliferation and differentiation.
PubMed: 38878834
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167302 -
DNA Repair Jun 2024The maintenance of genome integrity by DNA damage response machineries is key to protect cells against pathological development. In cell nuclei, these genome maintenance...
The maintenance of genome integrity by DNA damage response machineries is key to protect cells against pathological development. In cell nuclei, these genome maintenance machineries operate in the context of chromatin, where the DNA wraps around histone proteins. Here, we review recent findings illustrating how the chromatin substrate modulates genome maintenance mechanisms, focusing on the regulatory role of histone variants and post-translational modifications. In particular, we discuss how the pre-existing chromatin landscape impacts DNA damage formation and guides DNA repair pathway choice, and how DNA damage-induced chromatin alterations control DNA damage signaling and repair, and DNA damage segregation through cell divisions. We also highlight that pathological alterations of histone proteins may trigger genome instability by impairing chromosome segregation and DNA repair, thus defining new oncogenic mechanisms and opening up therapeutic options.
PubMed: 38878564
DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2024.103702 -
Perioperative Medicine (London, England) Jun 2024Remimazolam is a short-acting benzodiazepine newly approved for the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia. Remimazolam emerges as an ideal drug for the...
BACKGROUND
Remimazolam is a short-acting benzodiazepine newly approved for the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia. Remimazolam emerges as an ideal drug for the neurosurgical population due to its rapid emergence, enabling early neurological assessment, and its ability to maintain perfusion pressure, which is crucial for preventing cerebral ischemia. However, the use of benzodiazepine has been associated with an increased risk of postoperative delirium (POD). There is currently limited evidence about the relationship between remimazolam-based total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) and POD.
METHODS
In this double-blind, randomized, non-inferiority trial, we plan to include 696 adult patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status class I to III, undergoing elective neurovascular surgery under general anesthesia. After informed consent, the patients will be randomized to receive either remimazolam or propofol-based TIVA with a 1:1 ratio. The primary outcome is the incidence of POD within 5 days after surgery. Secondary outcomes include subtypes, number of positive assessments and severity of POD, emergence agitation, intraoperative awareness and undesirable patient movement, intraoperative hypotension, and postoperative cognitive function. The data will be analyzed in modified intention to treat.
DISCUSSION
This trial will evaluate the effect of remimazolam on the development of POD compared to propofol anesthesia. The results of this trial will provide evidence regarding the choice of optimal anesthetics to minimize the risk of POD in neurosurgical patients.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
The study protocol was prospectively registered at the Clinical trials ( https://clinicaltrials.gov , NCT06115031, principal investigator: Jiseon Jeong; date of first registration: November 2, 2023, before the recruitment of the first participant.
PubMed: 38877533
DOI: 10.1186/s13741-024-00415-6 -
Scientific Reports Jun 2024Understanding farmers' future residential preferences and the factors affecting these choices is crucial for tackling the issues related to hollow village management and...
Understanding farmers' future residential preferences and the factors affecting these choices is crucial for tackling the issues related to hollow village management and rural planning. Despite limited research on the role of the family life cycle, this study explores how the family life cycle, characteristics of the household head, livelihood strategies, and resource availability shape farmers' future residential preferences. Data were collected from 777 households in China's main grain-producing area. The findings reveal that 52.90% of households prefer to stay in their current rural residences. Other favored options are elderly care facilities (13.90%), living with children in the village (12.36%), and ancestral homes (11.68%). The family life cycle significantly affects these preferences (p < 0.01), with changes in family structure and age leading to different living choices. Specifically, households in the initial (71.29%), burden (70.32%), and stable stages (40.14%) prefer their current rural residences, while those in the maintenance and empty-nest stages opt for living with their children's residences (22.22% and 16.96%, respectively) or in elderly care facilities (30.00% and 33.93%). Meanwhile, age, health, income, livelihood strategies, and land ownership also markedly influence the choice of residence. Recommendations include educational programs for elderly rural residents, improving older individuals' adaptability to rural changes, creating more rural employment opportunities, and enhancing medical and infrastructural services for the sustainable rural development.
Topics: Humans; China; Rural Population; Female; Male; Family Characteristics; Urbanization; Middle Aged; Adult; Aged; Farmers; Residence Characteristics
PubMed: 38877322
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64737-7 -
Scientific Reports Jun 2024In filamentous fungi, microtubules are important for polar growth and morphological maintenance and serve as rails for intracellular trafficking. The molecular...
In filamentous fungi, microtubules are important for polar growth and morphological maintenance and serve as rails for intracellular trafficking. The molecular mechanisms associated with microtubules have been analyzed. However, little is known about when and where tubulin, a component of microtubules, is biosynthesized in multinuclear and multicellular filamentous fungi. In this study, we visualized microtubules based on the enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP)-labeled α-tubulin and β-tubulin mRNA tagged by the EGFP-mediated MS2 system in living yellow Koji mold Aspergillus oryzae cells in order to understand the spatiotemporal production mechanism of tubulin. We found that mRNA of btuA, encoding for β-tubulin, localized at dot-like structures through the apical, middle and basal regions of the hyphal cells. In addition, some btuA mRNA dots showed microtubule-dependent motor protein-like dynamics in the cells. Furthermore, it was found that btuA mRNA dots were decreased in the cytoplasm just before mitosis but increased immediately after mitosis, followed by a gradual decrease. In summary, the localization and abundance of β-tubulin mRNA is spatiotemporally regulated in living A. oryzae hyphal cells.
Topics: Aspergillus oryzae; Tubulin; RNA, Messenger; Microtubules; Hyphae; Green Fluorescent Proteins; Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; Fungal Proteins
PubMed: 38877139
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64531-5 -
Communications Biology Jun 2024Before each cell division, eukaryotic cells must replicate their chromosomes to ensure the accurate transmission of genetic information. Chromosome replication involves... (Review)
Review
Before each cell division, eukaryotic cells must replicate their chromosomes to ensure the accurate transmission of genetic information. Chromosome replication involves more than just DNA duplication; it also includes chromatin assembly, inheritance of epigenetic marks, and faithful resumption of all genomic functions after replication. Recent progress in quantitative technologies has revolutionized our understanding of the complexity and dynamics of DNA replication forks at both molecular and genomic scales. Here, we highlight the pivotal role of these novel methods in uncovering the principles and mechanisms of chromosome replication. These technologies have illuminated the regulation of genome replication programs, quantified the impact of DNA replication on genomic mutations and evolutionary processes, and elucidated the mechanisms of replication-coupled chromatin assembly and epigenome maintenance.
Topics: DNA Replication; Humans; Epigenesis, Genetic; Animals; Chromosomes; High-Throughput Screening Assays; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly
PubMed: 38877080
DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06412-1 -
Scientific Reports Jun 2024Prion diseases are fatal, infectious, neurodegenerative disorders resulting from accumulation of misfolded cellular prion protein in the brain. Early pathological...
Prion diseases are fatal, infectious, neurodegenerative disorders resulting from accumulation of misfolded cellular prion protein in the brain. Early pathological changes during CNS prion disease also include reactive astrocyte activation with increased CD44 expression, microgliosis, as well as loss of dendritic spines and synapses. CD44 is a multifunctional cell surface adhesion and signalling molecule which is considered to play roles in astrocyte morphology and the maintenance of dendritic spine integrity and synaptic plasticity. However, the role of CD44 in prion disease was unknown. Here we used mice deficient in CD44 to determine the role of CD44 during prion disease. We show that CD44-deficient mice displayed no difference in their response to CNS prion infection when compared to wild type mice. Furthermore, the reactive astrocyte activation and microgliosis that accompanies CNS prion infection was unimpaired in the absence of CD44. Together, our data show that although CD44 expression is upregulated in reactive astrocytes during CNS prion disease, it is dispensable for astrocyte and microglial activation and the development of prion neuropathogenesis.
Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Hyaluronan Receptors; Prion Diseases; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Microglia; Brain; Mice, Inbred C57BL
PubMed: 38877012
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63464-3