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Health Psychology Review Sep 2016Behaviour change interventions are effective in supporting individuals in achieving temporary behaviour change. Behaviour change maintenance, however, is rarely... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Behaviour change interventions are effective in supporting individuals in achieving temporary behaviour change. Behaviour change maintenance, however, is rarely attained. The aim of this review was to identify and synthesise current theoretical explanations for behaviour change maintenance to inform future research and practice.
METHODS
Potentially relevant theories were identified through systematic searches of electronic databases (Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO). In addition, an existing database of 80 theories was searched, and 25 theory experts were consulted. Theories were included if they formulated hypotheses about behaviour change maintenance. Included theories were synthesised thematically to ascertain overarching explanations for behaviour change maintenance. Initial theoretical themes were cross-validated.
FINDINGS
One hundred and seventeen behaviour theories were identified, of which 100 met the inclusion criteria. Five overarching, interconnected themes representing theoretical explanations for behaviour change maintenance emerged. Theoretical explanations of behaviour change maintenance focus on the differential nature and role of motives, self-regulation, resources (psychological and physical), habits, and environmental and social influences from initiation to maintenance.
DISCUSSION
There are distinct patterns of theoretical explanations for behaviour change and for behaviour change maintenance. The findings from this review can guide the development and evaluation of interventions promoting maintenance of health behaviours and help in the development of an integrated theory of behaviour change maintenance.
Topics: Behavior Therapy; Habits; Health Behavior; Humans; Individuality; Learning; Models, Psychological; Motivation; Personal Satisfaction; Self-Control; Social Support
PubMed: 26854092
DOI: 10.1080/17437199.2016.1151372 -
Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine :... Aug 2007
Review
Topics: Anxiety; Comorbidity; Depression; Female; Humans; Male; Mental Disorders; Prevalence; Quality of Life; Severity of Illness Index; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders
PubMed: 17824495
DOI: No ID Found -
European Archives of Paediatric... Oct 2018This critical appraisal attempts to answer the question: What is the best method of space maintenance (SM) following premature loss of a primary molar in children under... (Review)
Review
AIM
This critical appraisal attempts to answer the question: What is the best method of space maintenance (SM) following premature loss of a primary molar in children under 12 years old?
METHODS
A search to identify studies relevant to the PICO was conducted. Single case reports and studies prior to 1986 were excluded. The principles of GRADE were followed to appraise the evidence.
RESULTS
20 studies were identified, which evaluated 2265 space maintainers (SMs). Two studies were graded high quality, four moderate, eight low, and six very low. All studies reported on longevity outcomes and most on adverse effects.
CONCLUSIONS
There was no strong evidence favouring a particular SM, the following recommendations were made: (a) strong recommendations: In cases where rubber dam cannot be used clinicians should not use Glass Fibre Reinforced Composite Resin (GFRCR) SMs. (b) Weak recommendations: Crown and Loop SMs are recommended for loss of primary first molars; GFRCR SMs (placed under rubber dam) are recommended for loss of primary second molars. Bilateral SMs may have questionable efficacy and their use where there is loss of multiple molars in the same quadrant should be weighed against the risk of unwanted tooth movements, loss of a removable SM or no space maintenance at all.
Topics: Child; Humans; Molar; Orthodontic Appliance Design; Orthodontic Appliances; Space Maintenance, Orthodontic; Tooth, Deciduous
PubMed: 30187262
DOI: 10.1007/s40368-018-0357-5 -
Frontiers in Oncology 2020Recent advances in therapeutics coupled with steady improvements in supportive care for patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have led to improved outcomes. Despite... (Review)
Review
Recent advances in therapeutics coupled with steady improvements in supportive care for patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have led to improved outcomes. Despite these advances, even in patients that achieve a complete remission with initial therapy high rates of relapse remain a clinical dilemma. For decades, investigators have attempted strategies of maintenance therapy to prolong both remission duration and overall survival in patients with AML. These approaches have included cytotoxic chemotherapy, immunotherapy, hypomethylating agents, and targeted small molecule therapy. Overall, the evidence in favor of maintenance therapy is limited. Recent strategies, especially with hypomethylating agents have begun to show promise as maintenance therapy in improving clinical outcomes. Ongoing and future studies will continue to elucidate the true role for maintenance therapy options in patients with AML. In this review we summarize prior and ongoing maintenance therapy approaches in AML and highlight some of the most promising strategies.
PubMed: 33604298
DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.619085 -
Pharmaceutical Medicine Dec 2020Labelling of pharmaceutical products plays a vital role in the safe and effective use of approved medicinal products. This information may be provided to end-users...
Labelling of pharmaceutical products plays a vital role in the safe and effective use of approved medicinal products. This information may be provided to end-users including patients and/or prescribers, and it needs to be made available in multiple formats including printed forms (patient information leaflets, pack inserts, etc.) or web portals of the product, based on national authority guidelines. The Company Core Data Sheet (CCDS) serves as a key document representing the pharmaceutical company's position on the product and is used as a reference document for national labels. Content from national labels may differ from the CCDS for different reasons including implementation of national authority requirements in the serving market and findings from local markets. In the current article, we discuss the process, challenges and key concepts in creating and maintaining CCDS documents for generic products. We highlight key parameters that are worthy of process improvement in generic products' CCDS updates. In addition, we argue that labelling harmonisation across multiple regions, especially safety section-related information, plays a key role in promoting end-user safety and would help communicate risks. We also strongly believe that the topic is worthy of the International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) consideration, and propose that this is the key area that requires standardisation and harmonisation.
Topics: Decision Making; Drug Industry; Drug Labeling; Drugs, Generic; Female; Guideline Adherence; Guidelines as Topic; Humans; Maintenance; Male; Marketing; Product Labeling; Safety; Stakeholder Participation; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 33289912
DOI: 10.1007/s40290-020-00364-7 -
Journal of the American Veterinary... Apr 2021
Topics: Animals; Maintenance
PubMed: 33754820
DOI: 10.2460/javma.258.7.725 -
American Journal of Respiratory and... Dec 2014
Topics: Humans; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders
PubMed: 25496112
DOI: 10.1164/rccm.19012P9 -
International Journal of Prognostics... 2021The costs/benefits associated with investing in advanced maintenance techniques is not well understood. Using data collected from manufacturers, we estimate the national...
The costs/benefits associated with investing in advanced maintenance techniques is not well understood. Using data collected from manufacturers, we estimate the national losses due to inadequate maintenance and make comparisons between those that rely on reactive maintenance, preventive maintenance, and predictive maintenance. The total annual costs/losses associated with maintenance is estimated to be on average $222.0 billion, as estimated using Monte Carlo analysis. Respondents were categorized into three groups and compared. The first group is the top 50 % of respondents that rely on reactive maintenance, measured in expenditures. The remaining respondents were split in half based on their reliance on predictive maintenance. The top 50 % of respondents in using reactive maintenance, measured in expenditures, compared to the other respondents suggests that there are substantial benefits of moving away from reactive maintenance toward preventive and/or predictive maintenance. The bottom 50 %, which relies more heavily on predictive and preventive maintenance, had 52.7 % less unplanned downtime and 78.5 % less defects. The comparison between the smaller two groups, which rely more heavily on preventive and predictive maintenance, shows that there is 18.5 % less unplanned downtime and 87.3 % less defects for those that rely more on predictive than preventive.
PubMed: 36733900
DOI: 10.36001/ijphm.2021.v12i1.2883 -
Panminerva Medica Dec 2020While the outcome of patients with multiple myeloma has significantly improved over the last two decades, the disease remains incurable for the majority of patients.... (Review)
Review
While the outcome of patients with multiple myeloma has significantly improved over the last two decades, the disease remains incurable for the majority of patients. With the advent of novel agents, there has been a shift towards prolonged therapy as opposed to fixed-duration therapy, aimed at improving progression-free survival and overall survival. Evidence favoring continuous therapy has emerged over the last 2 decades and in the context of maintenance after proteasome inhibitor plus immunomodulatory drug induction followed by high dose melphalan and stem cell transplantation, this leads to >80% overall survival at 5 years. Maintenance therapy specifically has been demonstrated to correlate with increasing depth of disease response with a significant proportion of patients who remain minimal residual disease positive at the end of induction therapy achieving minimal residual disease negativity with maintenance therapy both in clinical trials and selected real world populations. As the survival improves, it is crucial to identify patients who are projected to have better survival and spare them toxicities arising from indefinite maintenance therapy. The role of minimal residual disease in this context is being investigated in numerous clinical trials and in the next few years the goal should be to use this in a rational way to achieve the ability to identify patients who would require continuation or escalation of therapy to improve their projected survival as well as to identify the group of patients in whom maintenance therapy could perhaps be time-limited without compromising their survival. Here we review the evidence for maintenance therapy from the key trials in the past years, present an overview of the current landscape and our perspective of maintenance therapy in the future.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Humans; Maintenance Chemotherapy; Multiple Myeloma; Neoplasm, Residual; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 32955180
DOI: 10.23736/S0031-0808.20.04117-8